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Biomedical subjects

M D Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to M D Zhang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

B lymphocytes not required for progression from insulitis to diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice.

Previous studies have implicated B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. While it is clear that B lymphocytes are necessary, it has not been clear at which stage of disease they play a role; early, late or both. To clarify when B lymphocytes are needed, T lymphocytes were transferred from 5-week-old NOD female mice to age-matched NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) recipient mice. NOD/SCID mice, which lack functionally mature T and B lymphocytes, do not normally develop insulitis or insulin-dependent diabetes melitus (IDDM). The NOD/SCID mice that received purified T lymphocytes from 5-week-old NOD mice subsequently developed insulitis and diabetes even though they did not have detectable B lymphocytes. This suggests that while B lymphocytes may be essential for an initial priming event they are not requisite for disease progression in the NOD mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Postoperative arrhythmia after resection of esophageal or cardiac carcinoma: with analysis of 108 cases].

Between Sept. 1991 and June 1992, a total of 453 cases with carcinomas of the esophagus or gastric cardia underwent surgical resection of cancer. In all patients, ECG was continuously monitored for at least 3 days after operation. There were 108 cases of postoperative arrhythmias, with an incidence of 23.8%, but 32.9% in patients with abnormal preoperative ECG, higher than that with normal preoperative ECG (21.9%) (P < 0.05). The postoperative arrhythmia appeared more frequently in the gastroesophageal anastomosis above the aortic arch (35.0%) than in that below it (16.3%) (P < 0.01). In 87.0% of arrhythmias appeared within 24 hours after the operation and 72.2% was sinus arrhythmia. The fatal arrhythmia was rarely seen. The common causes of postoperative arrhythmia were operative trauma and stress, respiratory insufficiency, heart failure, hypovolemia and high fever. After treatment in time, arrhythmias disappeared in 4 days. The emphasis is to find and get rid of the causes at first, then is the treatment of arrhythmia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Autopsy study of 4074 pediatric cases].

4074 pediatric autopsies were performed in the Pathology Department of Guangzhou Children's Hospital from 1958 to 1992. The autopsy rate was 23.9%. However, the autopsy rate from 1958 to 1965 was higher (38.90%) than that for 1966 to 1976 (13.20%). Since 1977, the autopsy rate increased to 24.80% but still lower than the period between 1959 to 1965. Based upon the pathologic diagnosis, incorrect antemortem diagnosis was found in 22% of cases. It is of interest to note that the percentage of incorrect diagnosis was lower during the 1958-1969 period than the 1970-1992 period (15.30% and 25% and 25.8% respectively). This suggests that adoption of advanced diagnostic technique have not diminished the role of postmortem examination to confirm or correct clinical diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A population-based case control study of primary liver cancer in Fusui].

A population-based case control study of primary liver cancer (PLC) was undertaken in Fusui County, Guangxi Autonomous Region. Ninety-nine PLC cases and 99 age-sex-matched controls were surveyed for their general conditions, life style features, dietary habits, types of drinking water and family history. Cases and controls were well distributed in nationality, education, marital status and annual income per person. Conditional logistic regression results showed that HBV infection, drinking pond-ditch water, family history and total alcohol intake were the risk factors of PLC with the relative risks 5.330 (2.502-11.35), 3.703 (1.251-10.96), 2.881 (1.289-6.441), 1.002 (1.000-1.004), respectively. And antibody of HBV surface antigen is protective factor with the relative risk of 0.418 (0.210-0.834).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Aflatoxins and primary liver cancer--a population based case-control study].

A case-control study of primary liver cancer (PLC) was conducted in 1989 at Fusui County, Guangxi Province. There were 99 PLC cases and 99 age-sex-residence matched controls. There were no difference of age, sex, race, cultural, level, marital status and annual income distribution (P > 0.05). The mean dietary AFB1 intakes of cases and controls were 117.72 + 105.68 mg/d, the mean outputs of AFM1 were 22.56 and 21.62 ng per morning urine respectively. The mean sera aflatoxin-albumin adducts in both groups were 24.96 and 18.72 pg per mg albumin respectively. These indicators were of no statistical significance. Conditional Logistic regression showed that HBV infection (OR = 5.33), drinking pond-ditch water (OR = 3.70), family history of PLC (OR = 2.88), and total alcohol intakes (OR = 1.002) were statistically significant as risk factors (P > 0.05) rather than aflatoxins. This may be due to the fact that the samples selected in hyperendemic area both took high quantities of aflatoxin.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1991

[An immunological study of endogenous uveitis: changes in peripheral blood T-cell subsets and their transformation rate].

Dynamic changes of peripheral blood T-cell subsets and their transformation rate were studied in 77 cases of EU. The results showed that the percentages of T3+ and T4+ cells, and the T4+/T8+ ratio decreased, while the percentage of T8+ cells increased, and the T-cell transformation rate was significantly lowered. The immunofunctional changes in chronic anterior uveitis and pan-uveitis were particularly remarkable. The findings indicated that abnormal T-cell subsets and the reduced cell-mediated immunofunction played an important role in the pathogenesis of EU.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Immunological study of endogenous uveitis. I. Dynamic study of autoimmunoreaction].

The autoimmunoreaction was determined with pig eye antigen and bovine retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag) in 77 patients with endogenous uveitis (EU) and 100 healthy individuals. The results showed that lymphocytes of 6 (35.3%) of 17 patients with EU reacted to bovine S-Ag, while those of all 10 healthy subjects were negative. The positivity and titers of serum autoantibodies in the patients with EU were significantly higher than in the healthy subjects and was also related to the activity of EU. These data suggested that the S-Ag sensitized lymphocytes played an important role in the pathogenesis of pan-uveitis, and the serum autoantibodies were significant in the aggravation of EU.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[An immunological study of endogenous uveitis: circulating immune complexes and their specific characteristics].

The levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 77 patients with endogenous uveitis (EU) were found significantly higher than in healthy controls, and also closely correlated with activity of the disease. The CIC level declined during remission and became essentially normal when the disease recovered. CIC was positive in 20 (37.7%) of the 77 cases, and the positive rate was the highest (58.6%) in patients with acute EU. Retinal soluble antigen was found in CIC of 9 patients. The serum C3 level was in negative correlation with the CIC level, and restored to normal on recovery of the disease. The findings indicated that CIC played an important role in the pathogenesis of EU.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hepatitis delta virus superinfection in Guangzhou area.

Biopsy and autopsy specimens of liver tissues of two series of patients, one of adults and the other children suffering from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were used to evaluate hepatitis delta virus antigen (HDAg) by direct immunoperoxidase staining method. The results showed that four HDAg positive cases were found among 30 cases of HBV infected adult patients (13.3%), and 6 were found in 44 cases in the children series (13.6%). Therefore, we are convinced that hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection does exist in Guangzhou area. The superinfection rates in adults and children are almost identical.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical phenomenology of mental disorders caused by Qigong exercise.

One hundred and nine patients with mental disorders caused by Qigong psychophysical exercise deviation are studied. These patients were divided into schizophrenic type (47 cases) and neurotic type (62 cases) and were analyzed by standard psychiatric rating scales and improved Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). The results show that patients with Qigong deviation presented abnormalities in perception, thinking, and behavior of varying degree. The clinical characteristics could not be classified into extent psychiatric disease units. Most of these patients manifested specific physical symptoms of Qigong deviation. The authors suggest that this kind of mild, benign mental disorder associated with the unique culture of our country be studied to contribute to the study of the classification of mental disorders. Qigong triggered disorders usually normalized during short term follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Desipramine pharmacokinetics in Chinese and Caucasian volunteers.

In order to better define the role of pharmacokinetic variation in reported cross-ethnic differences in dosing patterns of some psychoactive drugs, single dose kinetics of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI) were studied in 14 Chinese and 16 Caucasian healthy volunteers. DMI and 2-OH-DMI concentrations were assayed with h.p.l.c. in serial plasma and 24 h urine samples over 5 days following an oral 100 mg dose of DMI. Mean total clearance of DMI ( CLDMI ) from plasma was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the Caucasians (123 +/- 57 l/h) than in the Chinese (73.5 +/- 38.8 l/h). There was no significant difference in the apparent clearance of DMI by hydroxylation, fraction of dose metabolized to the hydroxy metabolite, DMI t1/2 or plasma protein binding between the two groups. Trimodal distribution of CLDMI was found, with 4/14 (29%) Chinese demonstrating slow CL (less than 33 l/h) and 4/16 (25%) Caucasians rapid CL (greater than 195 l/h). Correcting CL values for the greater mean weight of the Caucasians did not alter the pattern of distribution. CLDMI did not correlate with body weight. Although environmental factors cannot be ruled out, these results are consistent with genetically based differences in hepatic metabolism, probably affecting pathways in addition to hydroxylation, and suggest that 30% of Orientals would be at risk for toxicity from routine doses of tricyclics or similarly metabolized drugs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative outcome in Japanese and Chinese patients with thoracic esophageal cancer.

We evaluated the clinicopathologic findings and surgical results of 140 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer treated at Shinshu University, Japan (Shinshu group), and compared them with those from 1164 patients treated at Hebei Medical College, China (Hebei group) to determine if the two groups showed any differences. The Shinshu group had significantly higher incidences of elderly patients (>70 years of age), male patients, and tumors located at the lower esophagus (p < 0.01). In the Hebei group, although the depth of tumor invasion was more advanced, the incidence of nodal metastasis was significantly lower (p < 0.01). Operative death and postoperative complications were more frequent in the Shinshu group. Comparison of the postoperative survival curves revealed significantly longer survival of patients with pT2 or pT3 tumor in the Hebei group (p < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between the two groups when the lesions were classified by pTNM stage. This study demonstrated several differences between the patients in the two areas in regard to the clinicopathologic characteristics of thoracic esophageal cancer. The most important characteristic of the esophageal cancer in the Hebei group appears to be the low incidence of nodal metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A favorable impact of preoperative FPLC chemotherapy on patients with gastric cardia cancer.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracili polyphase liposome composita pro orale (FPLC) on the tumour cells and the survival rate of the patients with gastric cardia cancer. Sixty patients with gastric cardia cancer were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients were treated with FPLC prior to surgical resection, the other 30, as controls, did not receive the preoperative chemotherapy. Pathological responses of the tumours to the FPLC chemotherapy were determined by gross and microscopic assessments of tumour size, tumour emboli, cell degeneration and necrosis. Expressions of nm23 and CD44 were detected by flow cytometry. All patients were followed up to 5 years. In the FPLC-treated patients, the tumour size (p<0. 01), the number of tumour emboli (p=0.04) and the intensity of CD44 expression (p<0.001), were significantly reduced, while cell degeneration (p<0.001), necrosis (p<0.01) and the expression of nm23 (p<0.001) were increased, when compared with those observations seen in the controls. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was 40% in the FPLC-treated group and 23% in the controls (p=0.17). Preoperative FPLC chemotherapy might improve the survival rate of patients with gastric cardia cancer by inhibiting tumour proliferative, invasive and metastatic activities, and stimulating the patient's immune system.

Adult↗