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Biomedical subjects

M D Smith

Publications and source records attributed to M D Smith.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Sequential analysis of antibody responses in serum, aqueous humor and tear film during latent and induced recurrent HSV infections.

To study HSV specific antibody responses during latent HSV infection and induced HSV ocular shedding, rabbits were infected binocularly with McKrae strain HSV-1. The titer and class of anti-HSV antibody response in serum, aqueous humor and eye washes were determined sequentially during latent HSV infection and following intentional reactivation. In all instances the only antibody class detected was IgG. The highest anti-HSV titers were in the serum and aqueous humor, whereas a significantly lower level of anti-HSV IgG was found in eye washes. Anti-HSV IgG antibody titers were consistently 100-fold higher in serum than in the aqueous humor, which suggests an absence of local ocular antibody synthesis. Neither anti-HSV IgM nor secretory IgA antibodies were detected in any samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lymphokine-activated killer cells are generated before classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes after bone marrow transplantation in mice.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are demonstrable within 2 wk after syngeneic or allogeneic (H-2-compatible) bone marrow transplantation in mice. Classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are not active until at least 4 wk after transplant. Both LAK cells and CTL bear the Thy-1 marker and do not possess the murine natural killer cell marker asialo GM.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bibliographic research and critical inquiry: a learning module for graduate students in health services administration.

Critical to the success of contemporary health administration practice is the ability to identify, access, synthesize, apply, and report information from a diversity of sources. To enhance the critical logic and bibliographic research skills of first-semester graduate students in health services administration, a fifteen-hour learning module was collaboratively developed and integrated into a required course on health care organization. Reference librarians and health administration faculty participate to provide both group and individual instruction.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal bowel permeability in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Intestinal permeability was measured using a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol as a permeability marker in patients with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with AS showed a significant increase in bowel permeability when compared to controls. Intestinal permeability was also increased in patients with active RA but was less than the control group in RA patients who did not have active joint disease.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Gold compounds in rheumatic diseases--2.

Though many basic questions on the mechanism of action, dosage schedules, and long-term efficacy remain to be answered, gold therapy still plays a major role in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Continuous, rather than intermittent, treatment with intramuscularly administered gold compounds is now recommended, though treatment terminations due to side-effects or lack of efficacy are relatively high in the long term. The advent of orally administered gold preparations may herald a new approach to chrysotherapy of rheumatic conditions. However, the toxicity of gold compounds remains high and can be reduced only by the strictest monitoring schedules. Serial blood tests should be performed regularly, and any downward trend in platelet or neutrophil counts should be regarded with suspicion. Early detection of toxicity is likely to prevent the occurrence of severe side-effects.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Aneurysms of the left main coronary artery: a report of three cases and review of the literature.

Coronary artery aneurysms have been reported to occur in 1-2% of most large angiographic series. However, aneurysms of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) are extremely rare. Only eight previous cases of LMCA aneurysms have been reported, and only one of these cases was felt to be atherosclerotic in etiology. The clinical findings in three hypertensive females with LMCA aneurysm diagnosed at angiography are presented, along with a review of the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A method for increasing the surface details of resin embedded viruses using Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus as a model.

The surface details of resin embedded viruses can be greatly enhanced by the use of uranyl acetate block staining. The virions are embedded in agar immediately after fixation and block stained with 3% uranyl acetate in methanol during dehydration. This technique allows those particles outside their host cells to show clearly the spikes normally seen only by the separate use of negative staining.

Bunyaviridae↗
PubMed1984

Superior intensity and reproducibility of SHU-454, a new right heart contrast agent.

Intravenous injection of a variety of fluids has been shown to produce right heart contrast by ultrasound, but the intensity and reproducibility achieved are variable. Thus, a new polysaccharide agent being developed for commercial distribution, SHU-454, was quantitatively compared for intensity and variability with agitated saline solution, indocyanine green, carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Videodensitometry was used to measure peak and total opacification of the right ventricle after peripheral intravenous contrast administration. One hundred eighty injections were performed in nine closed chest dogs while two-dimensional echograms were recorded. SHU-454 yielded the highest peak (p less than 0.001) and total (p less than 0.005) intensity values when compared with the standard agents. In addition, SHU-454 yielded the lowest coefficient of variation between injections (p less than 0.04) in producing this contrast effect. There were no biologically significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure or arterial blood gases during injection of any of the substances used. A newly developed agent, SHU-454, is superior to standard agents in the ability to reliably produce right heart contrast after venous injection in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Return of Streptococcus faecalis DNA cloned in Escherichia coli to its original host via transformation of Streptococcus sanguis followed by conjugative mobilization.

Cloning vectors were introduced into Streptococcus faecalis by conjugation. A conjugative plasmid (pVA797) and cloning vector pVA838 recombined in Streptococcus sanguis at homologous sequences, forming a cointegrate. The pVA797::pVA838 cointegrate transferred to S. faecalis by conjugation. Recombination between homologous sequences resolved the cointegrate in the S. faecalis transconjugants, and pVA797 and pVA838 segregated because of incompatibility. S. faecalis strains that received pVA838 by this mechanism contained plasmids indistinguishable from authentic pVA838 from Escherichia coli. Other plasmids, including pVA736, were introduced into S. faecalis by this method. This approach should facilitate the introduction of cloned DNA into S. faecalis.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1984

Dose, plasma concentration and response relationships of D-penicillamine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Plasma concentrations were measured in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg of D-penicillamine daily. A disproportionate rise in the dose adjusted area under the plasma concentration vs time curve suggested dose dependent kinetics for D-penicillamine. Marked interindividual variability was seen with pharmacokinetic parameters and no correlations were observed between side effects or response and plasma concentrations of reduced D-penicillamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Scanning electron microscope studies on preparations of bovine cornea exposed to Moraxella bovis.

Preparations of bovine cornea were studied by scanning electron microscopy before and after in vitro exposure to Moraxella bovis. The bacteria were observed in association with the surface of the corneal epithelium; they showed a predilection for dark cells relatively devoid of surface structure. Pit-like depressions related to the presence of individual bacteria were produced in these cells. An evident association with corneal epithelium was shown by 2 strains known to be pathogenic experimentally in cattle but not by 2 non-pathogenic strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Treatment bias in the management of end-stage renal disease.

A study was conducted of 419 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being treated by center or home hemodialysis or by renal transplantation at four facilities located within 2.5 km of each other. The objectives were to examine the distribution of patients among the three modes of treatment and to analyze patient transfers to alternate modes of ESRD therapy. While white patients at each facility were comparable (P greater than 0.05) on age, sex, travel time to treatment, marital status, work or employment status, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, the distribution of patients among the treatment modes differed significantly (P less than 0.001) across the facilities. Similarly, the sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of the nonwhite patients were comparable at each of the facilities (P greater than 0.05); however, despite observable variation among the facilities in the distribution of these patients, the differences did not achieve statistical significance (P greater than 0.05). Patient transfers to alternate modes of ESRD therapy were infrequent, and among center hemodialysis patients, the distribution of transfers differed significantly across the facilities (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the distribution of patients was dependent on the patient's initial mode of therapy and the staff attitudes at the individual facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Blood transfusions, suppressor T cells, and renal transplant survival.

Fifteen men undergoing chronic hemodialysis were transfused with 2 units of packed red cells, none of these patients having been previously transfused. They were studied before and after transfusion to determine suppressor T cell numbers and activity, and to monitor the appearance of cytotoxic antibodies. Although the number of suppressor T cells did not change, their function was significantly increased three weeks after the transfusion. This had largely returned to normal by 20 weeks. No cytotoxic antibodies were produced. Twelve of the patients subsequently received cadaveric renal transplants and nine of these kidneys are currently functioning more than a year after transplantation. Although the blood transfusions may have helped to produce these satisfactory results, it is accepted that the nonspecific increase in suppressor cell function may not have been the only mediator because this activity had returned to normal in most cases by the time the patients were transplanted.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Temporal arteritis presenting as a symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis.

An 83 year old female presenting with a symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis, subsequently developed biopsy-proven temporal arteritis. This case report draws attention to this uncommon presentation of temporal arteritis and briefly reviews common presenting features of this condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The quality of maintenance therapy for end-stage renal disease. A review of social adjustment and rehabilitation.

Prior to 1972, ESRD patients selected for maintenance dialysis or renal transplantation were generally young, emotionally and socially well-adjusted, and physically healthy except for their renal disease. Following the enactment of Public Law 92-603 (1972), which extended Medicare coverage to virtually all ESRD patients, the criteria for the selection of patients were substantially liberalized. During the past decade, maintenance therapy has increasingly been provided for severely debilitated ESRD patients whose reported levels of rehabilitation have been less than desired. While the majority of the current ESRD patient population have not been restored to their premorbid levels of individual and social functioning, recent studies suggest this may be the result of initiating rehabilitation efforts too late in the disease process. For optimal social functioning to be achieved by ESRD patients, it is concluded that psychosocial intervention and support must be initiated at the time ESRD is diagnosed and be focused on the maintenance, rather than rehabilitation, of the patient's functioning.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Suppressor cell numbers and activity in non-transfused renal dialysis patients.

Suppressor cell activity was studied in 30-non-transfused renal dialysis patients using the Concanavalin A enhancement method. Suppressor cell numbers were estimated in 19 patients by the T suppressor (T gamma) rosette technique and in 15 patients using a monoclonal antibody (OKT8) specific for T suppressor cells. The role of prostaglandin secreting monocytes in the observed suppression was investigated in 6 patients using the prostaglandin secreting inhibitor flurbiprofen. Both suppressor cell numbers and activity were either normal or low compared with normal healthy controls. Flurbiprofen at concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-6) M caused a decrease in activity in both patients and normal controls. The results indicate that the increased suppressor cell activity and number reported in dialysis patients may be due to the effect of blood transfusion previously administered to the patients.

Adult↗