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Biomedical subjects

M D Rifkin

Publications and source records attributed to M D Rifkin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The sonographic diagnosis of focal and diffuse infiltrating intrascrotal lesions.

Thirty-six examples of inflammatory and neoplastic disease of the scrotum were evaluated with ultrasound. Analysis of the images suggests that sonographic differentiation of these conditions is possible in certain instances. The ability to separate testicular from extratesticular pathology is quite accurate. In some cases, neoplastic disease of the testis can be differentiated from malignancy, although surgical intervention is often required for diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic examination of the mediastinum and upper abdomen by fiberoptic gastroscope.

A prototype fiberoptic gastroscope with a 9 MHz transducer 7 cm from its tip was used to evaluate intrinsic and extrinsic abnormalities of the upper abdomen and mediastinum. Small hepatic and pancreatic tumors were identified, often with more clarity than when other imaging modalities were used. The instrument clearly defined intrinsic bowel wall lesions including focal and diffuse disease. Bowel wall thickness was identified, and exact wall dimensions were measured. In addition, unsuspected pericardial, mitral, and aortic valvular disease was detected. These preliminary results suggest a new complementary imaging modality.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Epididymis examined by ultrasound. Correlation with pathology.

Ultrasound has been used to study focal cystic and solid lesions of the epididymis as well as inflammatory processes. Correlation with pathology has yielded a clearer understanding of the sonographic findings and aided in the evaluation of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sonourethrography: technique for evaluation of prostatic urethra.

Sonoendoscopy of the prostate was extended to include the prostatic urethra, using the transrectal approach so as to show the urethra during voiding. In addition to the normal urethra, nodules impinging upon and displacing the prostatic urethra were clearly demonstrated, as well as clinically unsuspected carcinomas and other abnormalities.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Sonography of the patellar tendon: preliminary observations.

A technique using linear-array real-time sonography was used to study patellar tendon and adjacent muscular injuries. Of 65 subjects examined, normal patellar tendon sonographic anatomy was defined in 32. Of 33 patients with sonographic abnormalities, 15 had pathologic correlation. Two patients had focal degenerative tendonitis, and nine had diffuse dystrophic change. There were three cases of intratendinous hematoma and one of mucoid degeneration. These results demonstrate accurate differentiation of the normal from the abnormal tendon. In many instances, particularly when a focal lesion is present, the sonogram is as or more diagnostic than the radiographic and physical examinations.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Real-time neurosonography of the brain through calvarial defects with computed tomographic correlation.

Although real-time sonography is an excellent imaging modality for the neonatal brain, examination of the adult brain has been limited. Attempts to study the older subject through the ossified calvarium have resulted in poor quality and non-diagnostic images. Eighteen patients with various calvarial defects were examined for a variety of intracranial abnormalities. A mechanical sector scanner was used. Disease was clearly defined and accurate correlation with computed tomography resulted. Subjects without intracranial disease and patients with cerebral atrophy, porencephalic cysts, hydrocephalus, hematomas, and neoplasia were included in this study. The midline structures, ventricles and proximal midbrain structures were clearly visualized. This procedure appears useful to evaluate changes in the size of the ventricles and intracerebral masses in the postoperative patient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Intraoperative ultrasound examination of the brain: possible pitfalls in diagnosis and biopsy guidance.

The use of ultrasound during surgical procedures is frequently beneficial for both demonstration and diagnosis of various pathologic conditions. In the neurosurgical suite, localization of subcortical brain tumors is easily accomplished with real-time imaging. The depth and size of the tumor are easily assessed, and the relationship of the lesion to adjacent normal structures ascertained. However, there are pitfalls that may result in diagnostic inaccuracies during the evaluation of abnormalities. These include artifacts, use of inappropriate equipment, and poor technique. These problems are illustrated and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The inaccuracy of total uterine volume measurements: sources of error and a proposed solution.

Inaccuracies in total intrauterine volumes calculated using the prolate ellipse equation have been reported. No previous study has examined all the sources of error. In this study, a comprehensive approach was undertaken. Measurements were obtained from scans of the pregnant uterus in the prone position using an automated water-path scanner (Octoson) and in the supine position using standard static B-mode scanners. Several conclusions could be drawn: 1) From the Octoson prone scans, uterine volumes obtained using the prolate ellipse formula were markedly different from the true uterine volumes obtained by the summation of stepped areas. This showed that the prolate ellipse formula was inaccurate. 2) From the static supine scans, many observer inconsistencies were found in uterine volumes obtained from the prolate ellipse formula. This made the prolate ellipse formula unreliable. 3) Previously published graphs calculated from the prolate ellipse equation, comparing fetal age with total intrauterine volume, were found to vary accuracy, presumably as a result of 1 and 2. A more accurate approach is proposed. Using the outer uterine wall as the boundary, the stepped area-to-volume values of transverse scans taken at 3-cm intervals were found to closely approximate true volumes, with an average error of only 3.5 per cent. Since these measurements encompass the intrauterine contents and the myometrium, it is suggested that the term "total uterine volume" be used instead of "total intrauterine volume."

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

Total uterine volume: a new graph and its clinical applications.

The prolate ellipse formula has been shown to be inaccurate and inconsistent in the calculation of total uterine volume. The stepped area-to-volume technique has proven to be both accurate and consistent and provides a value equal to the true uterine volume. When these true volumes were plotted on previously published graphs of total uterine volume derived from the prolate ellipse formula, the graphs were found to be inaccurate. New graphs based on normal values have been constructed, comparing total uterine volume with both biparietal diameter and average gestational age. When 26 abnormal values were plotted on the total uterine volume versus biparietal diameter graph, almost all fell outside the 90 per cent confidence limits. Seven of the abnormal value were from fetuses found to have growth retardation. Six of these cases, including two not appreciated either clinically or ultrasonographically, were detected by this method. The stepped area-to-volume technique should allow reconsideration of the total uterine volume concept and aid in the detection of the subtle changes in uterine size.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

Small-parts real-time sonography: a new "water path".

A new commercially available gel material was used as a convenient and inexpensive water path. It enabled conventional real-time equipment with 3.5- or 5-MHz transducers to yield satisfactory results during superficial and small-parts examinations.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Intraoperative sonographic identification of nonpalpable pancreatic masses.

Intraoperative ultrasonography has been used for diagnosis and guidance during surgical exploration in a variety of organ systems. Use of the technique in four patients who underwent surgical exploration of the pancreas is described. Two of the patients had bile duct dilatation suggesting pancreatic carcinoma, but had otherwise unremarkable conventional imaging studies and normal palpation of the surgically exposed organ. Both proved to have small cancers, identified by sonography. Two other subjects with known pancreatic pseudocysts had additional cysts imaged during the intraoperative examination.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Detection of liver and gallbladder calcification.

Although abdominal radiographs have been the standard method for demonstrating right upper quadrant calcifications, recent evidence shows that ultrasound and computed tomography are equally sensitive, if not more so. Liver and gallbladder calcifications from many causes have been detected by ultrasound and computed tomography. In some of these cases, plain films of the abdomen have been normal. This observation suggests that the plain radiograph is no longer adequate for evaluating possible calcifications in the upper abdomen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Mesenteric chylous (lymph-containing) cyst.

Mesenteric cysts are uncommon entities and chyle (lymph)-containing cysts are the rarest of this group. A case report of a chylous cyst with CT demonstrating unique fat and soft tissue fluid-fluid levels is presented.

Chyle↗
PubMed1983

Simple testicular cyst diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasound.

While fluid collections within the scrotum are not uncommon, an uncomplicated cyst attached to or within the various components of the scrotum is unusual. We report a case of a rare simple cyst of the testicle, which was diagnosed accurately by preoperative ultrasound examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The Kimray-Greenfield filter: evaluation by duplex real-time/pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

The Kimray-Greenfield filter is a wire cage which is inserted into the inferior vena cava (IVC) to prevent thrombi originating in pelvic and leg veins from embolizing to the lungs. Duplex real-time/pulsed Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate placement and function in 38 patients (46 examinations). Real-time examination successfully identified the IVC and filter in 89% of cases. Pulsed Doppler studies demonstrated flow above and below the filter in 76%, accurately predicting normal flow in most cases. In 4 patients, Doppler scans revealed little or no flow distal to the filter; contrast cavograms confirmed obstruction secondary to thrombosis. This appears to be an accurate, noninvasive method of assessing postoperative reliability of the Kimray-Greenfield filter.

Adolescent↗