Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M D Ray

Publications and source records attributed to M D Ray.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Possibilities.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1998

Shared borders: achieving the goals of interdisciplinary patient care.

Definitions and components of interdisciplinary care, as well as means of implementing, reasons for adopting, and barriers to interdisciplinary care, are presented. A health care discipline is an area of knowledge and research that is critical to patient care. In multidisciplinary practice, each member of a clinical group practices with an awareness and tolerance of other disciplines. In interdisciplinary practice, members of a team actively coordinate care across disciplines. In an ideal interdisciplinary health care team, decisions are made by consensus and each discipline has an equal opportunity for input into decisions. To make the transition from multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary practice, all disciplines, rather than representing freestanding silos, must have shared borders that represent a common professional interest and knowledge base. Such a practice model will lead to an increased level of trust among professions and a deeper level of understanding about what each profession can contribute. Barriers to interdisciplinary practice include historical factors such as different philosophies of practice and professional training, logistics of team implementation, and resource limitation. To facilitate interdisciplinary practice, pharmacists must be competent, understand what a team is, provide leadership, be prepared to help develop drug therapy outcome objectives, project self-confidence, and demonstrate a readiness for interdisciplinary practice. Interdisciplinary care must be applied in a cost-effective way. Interdisciplinary patient care must be taught in professional schools and postgraduate training programs. Interdisciplinary patient care requires common values, a common vision, and an understanding of teamwork with the ultimate goal of serving the patient with wisdom.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Experience with an automated point-of-use unit-dose drug distribution system.

Two years' experience with an automated, point-of-use unit-dose system at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center (UCSDMC) is described. Growing concerns about the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the traditional unit-dose drug distribution system at UCSDMC, and the corresponding diversion of professional staff time from pharmaceutical care responsibilities, led us to investigate alternative systems. Criteria for a new system were developed and used in evaluating alternatives. Consideration was given to three possibilities: 1) improving the existing system, 2) automating the unit-dose cassette fill process, or 3) automating the final step in medication delivery at the nursing station. Based on the realization that our traditional unit-dose system was largely inefficient in today's hospital environment, it was concluded that the drug distribution system needed to be re-engineered in a way that simplified delivery and reduced waiting time. The Medstation Rx system marketed by the Pyxis Corporation (San Diego, CA) seemed to meet the need. During a 2-year period a Medstation Rx system was implemented in most of the hospital (in all but three specialty units) and evaluated. This system has resulted in several benefits, including a net savings in labor costs, a significant reduction in waiting time for first doses, and a reduction in dispensing errors. In the process, it was possible to minimize the disruption of pharmacists engaged in the direct provision of pharmaceutical care, thereby increasing their efficiency.

Automation↗
PubMed1993

Planning for pharmaceutical care.

The process for planning a pharmaceutical care practice model at the University of California-San Diego Medical Center (UCSDMC) is described. Pharmaceutical care is viewed as a health care need, analogous to medical care or dental care. Provision of such care requires that pharmacists have a generalist, rather than specialist, orientation and be held responsible for the outcomes of drug therapy. The scope of pharmaceutical care encompasses all treatment settings, emphasizing continuity of care from one setting to another. Its goal is to address the total pharmaceutical care needs of all patients. A pharmaceutical care task force was appointed to develop an overall plan for the implementation of the pharmaceutical care concept at UCSDMC. Several key practice elements were identified that served as the basis for the practice model. A three-week pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a pharmaceutical care program. An implementation plan was then developed. The program is currently being implemented. A long-range plan for implementing a pharmaceutical care practice model was developed through introspection, consensus building, and redirection of professional efforts.

California↗
PubMed1985

College of pharmacy-teaching hospital relationships: report of a survey.

The results of surveys conducted by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) to investigate the extent and causes of problems in relationships between colleges of pharmacy and the pharmacy departments in their affiliated teaching hospitals are presented. For the AACP study, questionnaires were mailed to either the dean or the pharmacy practice department chairman of all 72 colleges, and a telephone interview was subsequently conducted with most of them. For the ASHP study, interviews were conducted with 67 directors of pharmacy in the colleges' principal affiliated teaching hospitals. Problems identified by the colleges related to quality or extent of services and finances. Most directors of pharmacy stated that they derived benefit from their affiliation with a college of pharmacy. The relationship between colleges of pharmacy and their teaching hospitals is relatively healthy and generally better than expected.

Faculty↗
PubMed1984

Positions held by graduates of ASHP-accredited pharmacy residency programs.

Current positions of graduates of ASHP-accredited residency programs were determined in an April 1983 survey of the directors of 154 ASHP-accredited residency programs. For each residency graduate (RG), respondents indicated one of 16 employment categories. Data were grouped according to number of years since completion of the residency. Responses were received from 122 directors (79%), representing 2522 RGs. The percentage of RGs in pharmacy directorships increased from 4% one to two years after graduation to 27% after 10 years. After 10 years, 49% were employed in institutional pharmacy practice and 80% in some health-related activity. Most RGs currently practice in institutional pharmacy settings or hold positions in other fields that enable them to build on their institutional pharmacy background.

Education, Pharmacy, Graduate↗
PubMed1975

Distribution accuracy of a decentralized unit dose system.

Unit dose medication carts in a 500-bed university hospital were monitored for accuracy and completeness after delivery to the nursing station. The contents of the cart were compared with the nurse's patient medication record. Discrepancies were recorded for evaluation. All medication cart distribution errors found were analyzed to identify the source and were tabulated to determine error rate. Three major categories of errors were discovered: pharmacy technician errors not corrected by the pharmacist, errors associated with nurse's patient medication records, and errors resulting from lost orders.

Medication Errors↗
PubMed1975

Etiological factors of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Etiologic factors of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, both drug-related and nondrug-related, are discussed. A description of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome as a symptom complex is presented. Available literature is reviewed and critiqued as to its contribution in helping to define the role of drugs as specific etiologic factors in the syndrome. A patient case history is presented to demonstrate the difficulty of determining the causative agent for the syndrome, and to emphasize the need for a complete drug history before specific agents are implicated. The need for caution and discretion in reporting and implicating agents without the availability of a complete patient history is discussed.

Adult↗