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Biomedical subjects

M D Rawlins

Publications and source records attributed to M D Rawlins.

269 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

The effects of salicylate on temperature regulation in the rabbit.

1. A stable pyrexia has been produced in rabbits by intravenous injection of leucocyte pyrogen followed by a continuous infusion.2. Intravenous sodium salicylate, given 4 hr after the start of pyrogen infusion, induced rapid and progressive defervescence. The rate of fall of temperature was dose dependent.3. Intravenous injection of sodium salicylate had no effect on the temperature of afebrile rabbits.4. The intraventricular injection of small doses of sodium salicylate, given 4 hr after the start of a pyrogen infusion, caused a rapid, dose-dependent defervescence, but had no significant effect on the temperature of afebrile rabbits.5. Salicylates exert at least part of their antipyretic activity through an action on the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Observations on the mechanism of salicylate-induced antipyresis.

1. Fever has been produced in conscious rabbits, first, by injection of leucocyte pyrogen into the lateral cerebral ventricle and, second, by local cooling of the hypothalamus.2. Both intravenous and intraventricular salicylate produce antipyresis during an established fever due to intraventricular leucocyte pyrogen. This is incompatible with the hypothesis that salicylate acts by interfering with the passage of leucocyte pyrogen from the circulation into the hypothalamus.3. Intravenous sodium salicylate has no effect on the fever due to local cooling of the hypothalamus. This suggests that salicylates do not act on central or peripheral efferent pathways involved in thermoregulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for the development of Clostridium difficile toxin-associated diarrhoea: a pilot study.

This study was a pilot investigation of risk factors for the development of Clostridium difficile toxin-associated diarrhoea and in particular the differential influence of antimicrobial agents. The study was a retrospective case-control design conducted at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne. Cases were inpatients with stool positive C. difficile toxin diarrhoea and two controls were drawn for each case matched for age (+/- 5 years) and type of admission (emergency or elective). Using conditional logistic regression analysis, cephalosporins and erythromycin were found to be statistically significantly associated with Clostridium difficile toxin associated-diarrhoea. The results form the basis for designing a larger, prospective study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using the Adverse Reactions Register to study the effects of age and sex on adverse drug reactions.

Many countries maintain a register of reports of adverse reactions to drugs. Although reports are made voluntarily by doctors and dentists these registers contain much information that may be useful in pharmaco-epidemiological studies. We show how the epidemiology of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can be studied using data from such a register, together with estimates of the numbers of prescriptions of the drug, categorized by age and sex of the patient. Reporting rates of ADRs are compared for different ages and sexes by logistic analysis, using extrapyramidal reactions to metoclopramide as an example. Highly significant effects of sex and age on reporting rates are found, with young women being most at risk. We consider possible alternative explanations of this finding, and show that relative overdosage does not account for the differences between the age and sex groups. Other possible errors in the data are also considered unlikely to alter these conclusions; these include differential bias in reporting ADRs for various age-sex groups, and errors in the prescription data. Studies based on the adverse reactions registers are useful for formulating hypotheses which can be tested in a prospective study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gilbert's syndrome and drug metabolism.

Gilbert's syndrome is an inherited disorder which is characterised by unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. In patients with Gilbert's syndrome, both bilirubin clearance and in vitro hepatic microsomal uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) activity are reduced. In addition, there is evidence suggesting impaired hepatic uptake of bilirubin in Gilbert's syndrome. Glucuronidation of a number of substrates appears to be impaired in Gilbert's syndrome, but the significance of the reported changes in oxidation and acetylation are less clear.

Acetaminophen↗