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Biomedical subjects

M D Rawlins

Publications and source records attributed to M D Rawlins.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Metoclopramide and haloperidol in tardive dyskinesia.

The effect of single intravenous doses of metoclopramide (10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg) and haloperidol (5 mg and 10 mg) have been compared to placebo (saline) in a double blind randomised study in 8 patients with tardive dyskinesia secondary to neuroleptic therapy. Tardive dyskinesia rating scores were improved significantly (P less than 0.01) 6 hours after dosing by metoclopramide 40 mg, and haloperidol 5 mg and 10 mg, when compared to placebo. Single doses of dopamine receptor blocking agents improve tardive dyskinesia. The dose of metochlopramide required to show a beneficial effect was high, and this therefore suggests that it is unlikely to be of therapeutic value as the incidence of adverse reactions would be greatly increased. By monitoring the effects of single doses of dopamine receptor blocking drugs in patients with tardive dyskinesia it is possible to compare the relative potencies of these drugs on dopaminergic systems in vivo in man.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of methyldopa and labetalol in the treatment of hypertension.

1 Twenty patients with essential hypertension completed a double-blind, dose-tritrated, cross-over comparison of methyldopa and labetalol. 2 Average lying BPs (systolic/diastolic) were reduced by 28/15 mmHg with methyldopa and by 23/15 mmHg with labetalol. 3 Average standing BPs (systolic/diastolic) were reduced by 29/14 mmHg with methyldopa and by 29/15 mmHg with labetalol. 4 Both lying and standing heart rates were reduced with labetalol. 5 It is concluded that the antihypertensive properties of labetalol and methyldopa are similar but that larger patient populations are needed to study the relative incidence of subjective adverse effects.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

Interdose control of beta-blockade and arterial blood pressure during chronic oral labetalol treatment.

1 The pharmacological and therapeutic effects of labetalol were investigated during an 8 h interdose period of chronic oral therapy in six patients with essential hypertension. 2 Peak plasma labetalol concentrations were observed 2 h after the morning oral dose, and subsequent decline was mono exponential. 3 Beta-adrenoceptor blockade paralleled the changes in labetalol concentration and was maximal 2 and 4 h after the oral dose. 4 Resting supine systolic BP rose significantly during the interdose period, but no change occurred in diastolic BP. 5 Ambulatory intra-arterial BP studies in a further six patients with essential hypertension controlled with labetalol did not confirm the increase in BP during an 8 h interdose period.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of labetalol in patients undergoing antihypertensive therapy.

1 Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of labetalol (labetalol Css) in 17 hypertensive patients undergoing chronic treatment with this drug, have been examined in relation to dose, fall in BP, and beta-blockade. 2 A significant relationship (rs = 0.81, P less than 0.001) was observed between labetalol Css and daily dose. 3 No correlation was found between labetalol Css and antihypertensive response. 4 In thirteen patients, there seemed to be significant relationship between labetalol Css and beta-blockade (rs = 0.72, P less than 0.005). In three patients, the degree of beta-blockade was disproportionate to the drug concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Labetalol, a cross-over double blind controlled trial.

20 patients (12 female) with moderately severe essential hypertension [blood pressure during placebo treatment 181 +/- 6 (systolic), 107 +/- 3 (diastolic)] completed a double-blind, cross-over dose-titrated comparison of labetalol and methyldopa. Both drugs reduced lying and standing arterial blood pressure to a similar extent, although only labetalol reduced heart rate. Compliance was high (greater than 95%) with both drugs, and the incidence of subjective adverse effects was similar.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) kinetics in patients with Gilber's syndrome.

The pahrmacokinetics of paracetamol after intravenous and oral administration has been studied in 6 patients with Gilbert's syndrome, and 6 healthy controls. Paracetamol clearance was significantly less in the patients (255 ml/min SE +/- 23 ml/min) than in the normal subjects (352 ml/min SE +/- 40 ml/min). Moreover, whilst paracetamol concentrations declined monoexponentially in the patients, the decline was biexponential in the controls. No difference in the bioavailability of 500 mg paracetamol given orally was observed between the two groups. The results suggest that not only is paracetamol elimination impaired in Gilbert's syndrome, but that its distribution kinetics are also abnormal. Both these findings could be attributed to a decrease in hepatic glucuronyl transferase activity.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetics of tolamolol in the treatment of hypertension.

Tolamolol was administered in a "double-blind" study to fifteen hypertensive patients by dose-titration against arterial blood pressure. Mean steady-state plasma tolamolol concentrations (Css) were determined for each patient from the area under the plasma concentration--time curve during a dosage interval whilst patients were receiving optimal tolamolol doses. No significant correlation was observed between daily tolamolol dose and Css; the relationship between fall in lying mean arterial pressure and Css also failed to reach conventional levels of statistical significance, but Css was observed to be correlated with the fall in standing pressure. The results suggest that plasma concentrations in excess of 200 ng/ml may be required to achieve an effective hypothensive response with the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Predicting patients' warfarin requirements.

In 34 patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy with warfarin a close relationship has been observed between the logarithm of the 'Thrombotest' response to a loading dose (10 mg/day for three days) and the maintenance dose required to achieve an anticoagulant response of 8-12% (thrombo-test). This relationship appears to be close enough to enable maintenance dosages to be predicted.

Administration, Oral↗