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Biomedical subjects

M D Brown

Publications and source records attributed to M D Brown.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fallopian tube carcinoma.

Twenty-one patients with fallopian tube carcinoma from Yale-New Haven Medical Center are reviewed. Most patients who died of disease did so in the first two years after diagnosis, even following complete resection, clearly indicating the need for adjuvant therapy. Negative second-look surgery did not provide assurance of permanent remission. There was a high recurrence rate with Stage I and completely resected Stage II and III disease (8 of 14 patients). Some recurrences occurred late, up to nine years after initial diagnosis. We recommend whole abdomino-pelvic radiation if no disease greater than 2 cm3 bulk exists after surgery. Chemotherapy may be an alternative to radiation as primary adjuvant treatment in early stage disease. Chemotherapy for unresectable disease or recurrent disease has shown palliation with occasional prolonged survival but no patient with recurrent disease survived longer than two years.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Failure of posterior cervical fusions using cadaveric bone graft in children.

Seven children underwent posterior cervical fusion with cadaveric bone graft and wiring for instability secondary to trauma or a congenital anomaly. None of the operations resulted in solid bone union. One patient was found to have a fibrous union which was stable on flexion-extension roentgenograms. In five patients who had a symptomatic pseudarthrosis, a second operative procedure was performed using autogenous iliac-bone graft. Bone union was subsequently observed in the four who were available for follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Double-blind multiple-dose crossover study of the antiemetic effect of intramuscular levonantradol compared to prochlorperazine.

Twenty cancer patients who received chemotherapy were entered into a double-blind crossover design antiemetic study comparing 1 mg levonantradol, an investigational synthetic cannabinoid, to 10 mg prochlorperazine. Sixteen patients completed the crossover. For each antiemetic course, four doses of each study medication were given intramuscularly 2 hours before chemotherapy and then 2, 6, and 10 hours after chemotherapy administration. There were no statistical differences in patients' responses to levonantradol and prochlorperazine. The frequency of side effects was greater with levonantradol than with prochlorperazine. The most common side effect of levonantradol were somnolence, dry mouth, dizziness, tachycardia, postural hypotension, and blurred vision, while those for prochlorperazine were somnolence, dry mouth, and tachycardia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Healing of fractures with freeze-dried cortical bone plates. Comparison with compression plating.

The healing of fractures of the radius with internal fixation by stainless-steel compression plates was compared with fractures fixed with freeze-dried bone-plate allografts. Fractures fixed with metallic plates gained slightly less than half the biomechanical strength of the contralateral control bone and healed without noticeable external callus formation. Bone-plated fractures regained three-fourths of the biomechanical strength of controls and healed by forming an external callus. Bone-plate allografts were eventually incorporated in the host bone. Allograft plates were vascularized and remodeled into cancellous bone in the process of incorporation in the host bones.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The pharyngovertebral veins: an anatomical rationale for Grisel's syndrome.

UNLABELLED: Non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint following peripharyngeal inflammation (Grisel's syndrome) has been attributed to laxity of the transverse ligament caused by hyperemia, but a satisfactory anatomical rationale for the association of these conditions has been lacking. Injection of the cervical epidural sinuses of a series of human perinatal cadavera showed retrograde filling of a previously undescribed system of veins with frequent lymphovenous anastomoses. This system appears to drain the posterosuperior pharyngeal region. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because of their direct connection with the periodontoidal venous plexus and the suboccipital epidural sinuses, the pharyngovertebral veins may provide a hematogenous route for the transport of peripharyngeal septic exudates and neoplastic cells to the upper cervical spinal structures and provide an anatomical explanation for the atlanto-axial hyperemia of Grisel's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Is there a role for exercise in the treatment of patients with low back pain?

A paucity of information exists concerning the exact role of exercise in the management of low back pain. Few controlled clinical studies exist, and the selection of an exercise program is often relegated to traditional or empiric regimens. Aerobic conditioning exercises appear to offer the greatest benefit for all types of patients with back problems, although the value of these exercises is often overstated. Indirect evidence can be found for strengthening exercises that treat physical incapacity. No information is available to substantiate effects on pain relief. Comprehensive electromyographic studies, biomechanical analyses, and controlled clinical studies are needed to validate the role of exercises in the treatment of patients with back pain.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of current approaches and a practical guide to prescription of exercise.

Based on current information, aerobic exercises offer the greatest benefit to patients with back pain. Evidence supports the use of abdominal and extension exercises in a selected group of patients, but indications are limited, as are the useful types of exercises in both of these approaches. No support exists for the use of preprinted handouts, which assume that every patient with back pain, regardless of clinical presentation, requires the same six or eight exercises. Rather, selectivity of exercises based on a thorough clinical evaluation is recommended. Use of a specific exercise should be governed by the sound scientific principles presented in this paper. Many other types of therapeutic exercises not mentioned in the present paper are currently utilized in the care of patients with back pain.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1983

Efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone administered at the time of artificial insemination of heifers and postpartum and repeat breeder dairy cows.

The efficacy of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the fertility of dairy heifers and postpartum cows was studied. In one study, 300 cows were assigned randomly to 1 treatment from a 2 X 2 design, and 2 ml of 0.15M saline solution or 100 micrograms of GnRH was given IM on postpartum day (PPD) 14 and at the time of 1st postpartum breeding. In a 2nd study, repeat breeder cows (n = 346) were given saline solution or GnRH at the time of the 3rd breeding. In a 3rd study, heifers (n = 185) were given saline solution or GnRH at 1st breeding. Animals were observed for repeat estrus, and pregnancy diagnoses were made by rectal palpation 45 to 60 days after breeding. Conception rates were 15% to 18% higher for cows given GnRH, whether at PPD 14 or at the first postpartum breeding. When GnRH was given at the first breeding, conception rates were significantly higher (P less than 0.05). Conception rates for repeat breeder cows given GnRH were 25% higher than those in controls (P less than 0.005). Conception rates for heifers did not differ between treatments.

Animals↗