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Biomedical subjects

M Crook

Publications and source records attributed to M Crook.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A study of hypermagnesaemia in a hospital population.

The purpose of this present study was to assess the prevalence of hypermagnesaemia in a hospital population. Furthermore, the relationship between hypermagnesaemia and other common electrolyte disturbances such as hypo- and hypercalcaemia, hypo- and hyperkalaemia and hypo- and hyperphosphataemia was studied. Twenty-seven percent of magnesium requests showed a serum magnesium concentration equal to, or greater than, 1.0 mmol/l. Hyperkalaemia (a plasma potassium concentration of equal to, or greater than, 5.0 mmol/l) was found in 18% of the patients with hypermagnesaemia and 25 % of these patients showed hyperphosphataemia (a plasma phosphate concentration of equal to, or greater than, 1.5 mmol/l). Of the serum magnesium requests, hypermagnesaemia was particularly common on the intensive care (23%) and the renal unit (43%). Hypermagnesaemia was also seen in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery (17 %) and who had an acute myocardial infarction (8 %). Seventy-three percent of patients with a plasma magnesium of greater than 1.0 mmol/l showed abnormal renal function. However, it was rare to find a serum magnesium of greater than 2.0 mmol/l (less than 1% of magnesium requests).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The relationship between the female menopause and serum sialic acid, a known cardiovascular risk factor.

Serum total sialic acid (SA) has recently been reported as a cardiovascular risk factor. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases after the menopause in females. However, there are little data looking at the relationship between serum SA and the menopause. Overall 92 females were studied. The women were divided into five groups: the first three groups were age-matched pre-menopausal (n = 20), peri-menopausal (n = 10) and post-menopausal women (n = 20). In order to study serum SA changes with adult female age we also studied 14 young pre-menopausal women and 28 elderly women. There was no significance difference between the serum SA concentration in the age-matched pre-, peri- or post-menopausal women (62.7 +/- 10.4 mg/dl, 61.7 +/- 4.5 mg/dl, 62.9 +/- 7.0 mg/dl respectively). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the serum SA in the "young" women (64.7 +/- 9.8 mg/dl) and that of the peri-, pre- or post-menopausal women. However, in the elderly women the serum SA was elevated (75.6 +/- 16.6 mg/dl) with P < 0.05 for each comparison group. In conclusion, serum SA does not seem to change at the time of the female menopause although in elderly women (average age 75.6 +/- 16.6 years) it increases. The reason for this increase is not known and may merit further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Serum total sialic acid, a reputed cardiovascular risk factor, and its relationship to lipids, plasma fasting insulin, blood pressure and body mass index in normal individuals.

1. Serum sialic acid is a reputed cardiovascular risk factor, but the reason why this is so is not clear. We therefore studied its relationship with other known cardiovascular risk factors (particularly those associated with insulin resistance) in 100 healthy young subjects (54 females and 46 males, age 20.7+/-0.89 years). 2. There was a significant univariate correlation between serum total sialic acid and fasting plasma insulin. Serum total sialic acid also correlated with fasting plasma glucose concentration and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol. 3. In females there was a strong univariate correlation between serum total sialic acid and plasma fasting insulin and glucose concentrations, although in males there was a weaker univariate correlation between serum total sialic acid and fasting plasma glucose and the insulin resistance index. In addition, serum total sialic acid significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure, fasting serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations and body mass index in the females. In males serum total sialic acid significantly positively correlated with fasting serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, and correlated inversely with the hip/waist ratio. 4. In multiple regression analysis of the 100 subjects serum total sialic acid correlated independently with fasting serum cholesterol, glucose and also plasma insulin concentrations. In females serum total sialic acid independently correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose concentrations, although there was no significant independent correlation between serum total sialic acid and any of the other variables in the males.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Serum sialic acid, a reputed cardiovascular risk factor, is elevated in South Asian men compared to European men.

Serum total sialic acid (TSA) has recently been reported as a cardiovascular risk factor, but whether there are racial differences is not known. One hundred and twenty-four healthy young subjects (62 women and 62 men) were studied. Their age was 20.7 [0.9] years and they were matched for body mass index (BMI). Sixty-eight were of South Asian origin (37 women and 31 men) and 56 (25 women and 31 men) were European. Mean (SD) serum TSA was significantly higher in the South Asian men than the age-matched European men (74.3 [12.3] mg/dL versus 68.2 [13.0] mg/dL, P = 0.0198). In addition, serum TSA was significantly higher in South Asian women compared with European men (71.6 [8.9] mg/dL versus 68.2 [13.0] mg/dL, P = 0.0352). Finally, serum TSA was significantly higher in European women compared with European men (76.0 [13.1] mg/dL versus 69.2 [13.0] mg/dL, P = 0.008). We conclude that serum TSA may be worth measuring in different racial groups and also may be useful to assess individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. Large prospective studies may help to explain why serum TSA is a reputed cardiovascular risk factor and shows racial differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Elevated serum sialic acid in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Serum sialic acid has recently gained interest as a possible cardiovascular risk factor as well as a potential tumour marker. The effect of pregnancy on serum sialic acid is unclear particularly in the post-partum period. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort. SETTING: Teaching hospital antenatal clinic. POPULATION: 29 pregnant women, 27 age matched non-pregnant women. METHODS: Specific enzymatic assay for sialic acid. The first serum sample was taken between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation; in 22 women this was followed by a second serum sample at 12 weeks postpartum. Serum sialic acid concentration was also measured in the 27 controls. RESULTS: Mean (SD) serum sialic acid concentration was higher during pregnancy than post-partum: 91.1 (11.1) v 77.5 (11.1) mg/dl (p < 0.001); or in the control group: 66.0 (9.7) mg/dl (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum sialic acid is elevated during pregnancy and postpartum.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Importance of plasma phosphate determination.

Phosphate is an important component of all tissues and disorders of phosphate homeostasis are common in hospital populations. Hypophosphatemia, which is much more frequent than hyperphosphatemia, is commonly caused by infusion of carbohydrate or respiratory alkalosis. If hypophosphatemia is prolonged, severe consequences such as hemolysis, myopathy, and respiratory dysfunction may occur. In order to prevent these complications it is important to measure plasma phosphate concentration in a number of clinical situations. If severe hypophosphatemia is detected, phosphate supplements should be given to correct it.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hypophosphataemia in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

We studied the prevalence of hypophosphataemia (< 0.80 mmol/l) in seventeen patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Thirteen (77%) of the seventeen patients had hypophosphataemia at some stage during the conditioning phase or after their BMT. Seven (41%) of the seventeen patients had hypophosphataemia in the peri-BMT period that is during the conditioning phase or within one week thereafter. Two of the patients showed severe hypophosphataemia (< 0.30 mmol/l). We suggest that plasma phosphate should be monitored in patients with a bone marrow transplant.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Lipoprotein composition and serum Lp(a) lipoprotein in hypobetalipoproteinaemia.

A family with hypobetalipoproteinaemia was studied to examine the Lp(a) lipoprotein, lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride composition of the serum lipids. Lp(a) lipoprotein was measured by immunoassay. Serum lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation. Cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using standard enzymatic assays. Serum apolipoprotein B was low and Lp(a) undetectable in the index patient and in her father and son. Separation of the lipoproteins by ultracentrifugation showed a low cholesterol content of serum low density lipoprotein in the affected family members and also a low triglyceride content of high density lipoprotein particles in two affected members. It is concluded that serum lipoprotein cholesterol is altered in hypobetalipoproteinaemia, and family members of index cases have undetectable serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Beta 2 glycoprotein-I antigen is increased in primary hyperlipidaemia.

In order to determine whether elevated levels of beta 2 glycoprotein-I (beta 2GPI) are associated with increased plasma lipids, we measured plasma beta 2GPI antigen levels in 47 patients with primary hyperlipidaemia (20 severe hypercholesterolaemia, nine severe hypertriglyceridaemia, and 18 mixed hyperlipidaemia) and 34 normal healthy subjects. Mean beta 2GPI levels were significantly increased in each patient group (302.3, 272.9 and 299.1 mg/l, respectively) compared to controls (199.6 mg/l) (P < 0.01). Significant correlations were demonstrated between beta 2GPI levels and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the control group (r = 0.387, r = 0.559; P < 0.05), but were not observed in all patient groups. These results indicate that beta 2GPI is increased in hyperlipidaemia and that its distribution between plasma lipid fractions is perturbed. Plasma lipid levels should therefore be considered when interpreting results of beta 2GPI antigen assays.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship of serum total sialic acid with serum acute phase proteins and lipoprotein (a) in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia.

Total serum sialic acid (TSA), recently shown to be a cardiovascular risk factor, was measured in 15 patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (fasting triglyceride > 2.3 mmol l-1) and 15 age and sex matched normal control subjects. To test the hypothesis that serum TSA is related in some way to serum acute phase proteins we also measured five acute phase proteins, namely alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG), C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HAP) in both groups. Of note was the significantly elevated serum TSA in the severely hypertriglyceridaemic group as compared to normal subjects. Serum TSA being 71.9 +/- 11.7 mg dl-1 and 59.6 +/- 10.2 mg dl-1 respectively (P < 0.01 Mann-Whitney test). Serum CRP was significantly elevated in the type IV patients as compared to controls (6.4 +/- 4.5 mg l-1 vs. 3.3 +/- 1.9 mg l-1 P < 0.05 Mann Whitney test) as was serum AMG (2.1 +/- 0.89 g l-1 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.53 g l-1 P < 0.05 Mann Whitney test). There was no correlation between serum TSA and lipoprotein (a) in either the normal or severely hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. We suggest that serum TSA could in part be related to hypertriglyceridaemia and serum acute phase proteins but that its property as a cardiovascular risk factor is not related to serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗