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Biomedical subjects

M Crane

Publications and source records attributed to M Crane.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Could a clinical mistake land you in jail?

Internist Gerald Einaugler is facing 52 consecutive weekends in New York's notorious Riker's Island jail because he was slow to hospitalize a terminally ill nursing-home patient. A jury convicted the Brooklyn physician last June of reckless endangerment and willful neglect, both misdemeanors. He has lost his privileges at a hospital and two nursing homes, and has been disqualified as a Medicaid provider. He may also lose is medical license. What he considered conservative management, a prosecutor saw as criminal neglect, a deliberate attempt to thwart appropriate treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum and brown trout Salmo trutta L. over extended exposure periods.

The toxicity of cadmium in water is well known, but there have been few reports on the long-term effects of this metal on fish at concentrations near the European inland water standard of 5 micrograms Cd liter-1. This paper describes experiments in which adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta were exposed to cadmium concentrations near water quality standard levels for periods of up to 90 weeks. The survival and growth of these fish were assessed, and sperm and eggs were stripped from them to conduct early-life-stage tests. Continuous exposure of rainbow trout adults to cadmium concentrations of up to 5.5 micrograms Cd liter-1 did not affect their survival or growth. However, eggs obtained from rainbow trout exposed to 1.8 and 3.4 micrograms Cd liter-1 failed to develop to the fry stage. Oogenesis appeared to be delayed in brown trout exposed to 9.3 and 29.1 micrograms Cd liter-1, but the eggs and fry that were produced developed normally after fertilization. Adult brown trout suffered considerable mortality in the 29.1 micrograms Cd liter-1 treatment, with a median period of survival of 54 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Responses of Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda, Crustacea) to metalliferous effluents: identification of toxic components and the importance of interpopulation variation.

This study was designed to evaluate the ability of an in-situ bioassay to assess the impact of complex effluents on freshwaters and to identify toxic components. Reductions in the feeding rate of Gammarus pulex proved to be a sensitive indicator of the impact of metalliferous effluents on receiving water quality. The effluents contained a mixture of five potentially toxic metals. By combining information on feeding rates with bioaccumulation data, two metals, iron and manganese, were identified as the probable toxic agents. Laboratory experiments validated the conclusions reached from the field study and confirmed that iron was a major toxicant. The sensitivities of Gammarus pulex from a metal-contaminated site and a clean site were compared during both the field and laboratory studies. Interpopulation differences in the response of G. pulex to toxicants were detected in the field study but not in the laboratory experiments. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Solubilization and characterization of functionally coupled Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin receptors and particulate guanylate cyclase associated with the cytoskeleton compartment of intestinal membranes.

1. Particulate guanylate cyclase and receptors for E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin were solubilized from the rat intestinal cytoskeletal compartment using Lubrol-PX and KCl. 2. Thirty to forty percent of the ST receptor and guanylate cyclase activities were extracted from the lipid layer with Lubrol-PX alone. 2. Seventy percent of the remaining activities were solubilized from the cytoskeleton with Lubrol-PX and KCl. 3. Guanylate cyclase solubilized from either compartment exhibited similar reaction kinetics. 4. Both high- and low-affinity classes of ST receptors were solubilized from the lipid and cytoskeleton compartments. 5. In the presence of ATP gamma S, ST selectively activated the guanylate cyclase solubilized from the cytoskeleton compared to that solubilized from the lipid bilayer. 6. Crosslinking experiments demonstrated a preferential solubilization of the 130 kDa receptor subunit from the cytoskeleton and the 56 kDa subunit from the lipid bilayer. 7. Development of a procedure to solubilize ST receptors and guanylate cyclase from the intestinal membrane cytoskeleton will permit purification and further detailed studies of the coupling of these activities.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Double-blind comparison between nifedipine and amlodipine for the treatment of essential hypertension.

Nifedipine is an effective compound for the treatment of hypertension. However, even as a tablet formulation it is relatively short acting requiring two or three times daily administration. Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium antagonist and effectively lowers BP in patients with essential hypertension. In the present study we compared the BP-lowering effect of nifedipine and amlodipine in patients with essential hypertension. Thirteen patients were studied. They had been on nifedipine tablets for at least four weeks and DBP had been consistently > 95 mmHg. After a further month run-in on nifedipine they entered a randomised double-blind crossover study of one month' treatment with either nifedipine tablet (20 mg twice daily) or amlodipine (5 mg once daily). BP was measured 12 and 2 hours after the last dose of nifedipine and 24 and 2 hours after the last dose of amlodipine. There was a significant peak/trough effect while on nifedipine tablets, the BP being significantly higher at 12 hours than at 2 hours after the last dose (155.2/90.9 +/- 4.6/1.7 vs. 136.1/84.8 +/- 4.3/1.7 mmHg; P < 0.001/P < 0.005). There was no overall difference in BP between nifedipine and amlodipine treatment when BPs were taken at the respective troughs (i.e. 12 hours and 24 hours). If anything, amlodipine tended to be slightly more effective at least on supine SBP (155.2/90.9 +/- 4.6/1.7 vs. 147.6/89.1 +2- 4.3/1.8 mmHg; P < 0.05, NS). In conclusion, amlodipine given once daily is at least as effective as nifedipine tablets given twice daily in patients with essential hypertension.

Adult↗