Biomedical subjects

M Cramer

Publications and source records attributed to M Cramer.

76 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived health needs of urban African American church congregants.

Theory-based assessment of congregant expectations and needs should be conducted prior to beginning a parish nurse program. However, no such assessments are found in the literature. Using Andersen's Health Access Model as a framework, investigators conducted interviews with 117 randomly selected congregants in five urban African American churches to describe their perceived needs and expectations. Causing most concern were the following: (a) symptoms of illness--high blood pressure (50.4%), dental problems (43.6%), and back pain (41%); and (b) health habits/risks--weight (75%), exercise (63%), and diet (63%). Younger adults were significantly more concerned about all aspects of their health than their older counterparts. Women were significantly more likely to express concern about health habits and health risks than males. No significant relationship was found between perceived need and access to care. Although terming health care services "adequate", congregants expressed many unmet health needs. This seemingly contradictory finding may illuminate a concrete role for the parish nurse, i.e., addressing personal health care concerns not alleviated by the current "adequate" health care delivery system. This study's significance lies not only in providing programming guidance, but also in theoretical insights into the role of the parish nurse.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Compression of the right pulmonary artery by aortic aneurysms: CT demonstration.

Two cases are presented in which compression of the right pulmonary artery by thoracic aortic aneurysm was demonstrated using dynamic CT. The patients initially presented with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolus and were found to have unilateral absence of perfusion on isotope lung scan. Computed tomography was useful in demonstrating pulmonary artery compression by aortic aneurysm as the cause in both cases, and in demonstrating an aortic dissection in one case.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Single-dose, placebo-controlled, phase I study of oral dolasetron.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single, escalating doses of oral dolasetron mesylate, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating phase I study. SETTING: A clinical research center. PATIENTS: One hundred twenty healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received either placebo or oral dolasetron mesylate 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, or 400 mg. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Compared with placebo, subjects receiving dolasetron mesylate reported a greater frequency of headache, light-headedness, dizziness, increased appetite, and nausea. There were no clinically significant changes in mean laboratory values from before to after treatment. Adverse events were transient, mild or moderate, and similar to those after single intravenous doses of the drug. No clinically significant electrocardiographic changes occurred, but lengthening of the QRS complex duration and dose-dependent lengthening of PR and QTc intervals were observed 1-2 hours after dosing. These effects were asymptomatic and were mainly associated with higher doses (< or = 300 mg). CONCLUSION: Dolasetron mesylate is well tolerated when administered in single oral doses up to 400 mg to healthy volunteers. Clinical trials are under way to evaluate the agent's efficacy in preventing chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting with doses up to 200 mg.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, phase I study of oral dolasetron.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of increasing dose levels of oral dolasetron mesylate, a new 5-HT3 antagonist. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase I study. SETTING: A clinical research center. PATIENTS: Forty healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Eight subjects at each dose level were randomized in a ratio of 3:1 to receive either dolasetron mesylate 25, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg in a single oral dose on days 1 and 9, and twice/day on days 2-8, or placebo for 9 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Dolasetron was well tolerated at all dose levels. The adverse event rates for dolasetron- and placebo-treated subjects who experienced at least one adverse event were 80% and 50%, respectively. Most frequently reported by subjects receiving dolasetron were headache, constipation, flatulence, and lightheadedness. They generally were mild, and none was severe. No dose-response relationship was apparent for any adverse event. There were no clinically significant changes in mean laboratory values or vital signs. Asymptomatic treatment-related electrocardiographic changes were consistent with the drug's electrophysiologic properties. These changes have been well characterized and have thus far been clinically unimportant. Pharmacokinetics of the reduced metabolite were dose independent, and multiple-dose exposure of this metabolite can be predicted from its single-dose values. CONCLUSION: Oral dolasetron mesylate was well tolerated when administered in doses up to 200 mg/day for 9 days in healthy volunteers.

Administration, Oral↗