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Biomedical subjects

M Cossu

Publications and source records attributed to M Cossu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Anatomo-surgical classification and surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the posterior cranial fossa].

An increasing number of arteriovenous malformations of the posterior cranial fossa can be radically extirpated with good functional results, by using microsurgical techniques. Extensive involvement of the brain stem represents the limit for effective surgery. An anatomo-surgical classification of these lesions is presented, and the surgical indications are discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Echinococcosis of the spine].

21 patients with hydatid disease of the spine were operated on upon a 30-year period. The follow-up ranged up to 24 years. 12 cases underwent one or more reoperations, due to recurrences. 8 patients died between 1 and 21 years after the first operation. The surgical treatment usually allows only a transient remission and does not avoid recurrence or progression of the illness. Although the parasite cannot be wholly eradicated surgically, a prolonged and acceptable life with the disease can result from repeat surgical interference.

Echinococcosis↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral blood flow in minor cerebral contusion.

Seventeen patients with minor cerebral contusion were selected from a series of patients with head injuries of various severity, who had undergone repeat evaluations of the regional cerebral blood flow. The mean global flow (expressed as mean global initial slope index) on early examination was found to be significantly lower, compared with that recorded in healthy volunteers. A tendency towards the recovery of higher flow values was apparent in repeat evaluations that were performed several weeks after the injury. Interhemispheric asymmetries of flow were a common occurrence, with lower perfusion and reduced attenuation values on computed tomography scans being, however, in good agreement only in approximately half of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of naloxone infusion on gonadotrophin and prolactin concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure.

Serum prolactin, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, determined by radioimmunoassay were measured during the infusion of 10mg naloxone or saline in eight male patients with chronic renal failure on regular dialysis and in seven normal controls. Neither saline nor naloxone caused any significant change in luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone or prolactin in patients with chronic renal failure. On the contrary, luteinising hormone secretion was significantly stimulated by naloxone in normal controls. Since naloxone is a specific antagonist of opiate receptors, the results would suggest a reduced hypothalamic opiate tone in patients with chronic renal failure. The data does not support the concept that the high circulating met-encephalin reported in chronic renal failure represents the pathogenetic cause of hyperprolactinaemia in chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, K+ -dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase and Ca++-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activities in human parotid and submandibular glands.

K+ -dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (pNPPase) and Ca++ -stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were studied in human parotid and submandibular glands using cytochemical methods at the ultrastructural level. In both glands, only the striated-duct epithelium showed K+ -pNPPase reaction product, thereby indicating the localization of Na+, K+ -ATPase. The precipitate was concentrated on the deep invaginations of the basolateral plasma membranes, in close association with their cytoplasmic surface. Ca++ -ATPase activity was also found on the basolateral plasma membranes, but two striking differences from the K+ -pNPPase distribution were observed: firstly, Ca++ -ATPase appeared in both acinar and ductal cells, and secondly, it was localized on the outer side of the plasma membranes.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Subchoroidal approach to the third ventricle. Microsurgical anatomy.

The third ventricle can be approached by performing a few surgical maneuvers: (a) dividing the ependyma on the inferolateral aspect of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle; (b) separating leptomeningeal bundles within the tela chorioidea, and (c) dividing the roof of the third ventricle along the stria medullaris. Main landmarks are the thalamostriate vein and the direct lateral vein. Small subependymal veins or neural branches of the posterior medical choroidal artery, or both, occasionally cross the access route. The third ventricle is seen through both the opening in the roof and the foramen of Monro. A wider exposure can be obtained by cutting the terminal segment of the thalamostriate vein.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1983

Fine structure of the epithelium of the human ejaculatory duct.

Normal human ejaculatory ducts were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The lumen, which shows an irregular shape due to complex mucosal folds, is lined by a simple secretory epithelium. A strong cell polymorphism has been observed concerning cell height, nuclear shape, and amount of secretory organelles. Apart from small differences, the epithelium appears to be identical to that of the seminal vesicle and deferential ampulla. These observations demonstrate that the human ejaculatory duct is not only a passage for semen, but also contributes to its formation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Human ceruminous glands: a histochemical study.

Human ceruminous glands were treated for the histochemical demonstration of glycoproteins and of several enzymatic activities. Neutral mucopolysaccharides were detected in the cytoplasm and pigment granules of the epithelial cells, and acid glycoproteins were recognized only in a thin apical zone corresponding to the glycocalyx. Lysosomal enzymes were demonstrated within cytoplasmic granules, while peroxidase, G6PD and 6PGD showed a diffuse reactivity through the entire cytoplasm of the secretory cells. Age and sex-related differences were observed with respect to 17 beta-HSD and the 3 beta-HSD, whose reactivity appeared more intense in the young and in the female than in the old and in the male glands. Finally, all the ceruminous cells showed a strong prostaglandin synthetase reactivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Regional cerebral blood flow: normal values in healthy volunteers obtained by a 32 probes xenon 133 inhalation system.

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in 15 healthy young volunteers in psycho-sensorial rest by the 32 probes Xe133 inhalation system. The mean hemispheric values are in good agreement with those reported in literature and obtained with a limited number of probes. The regional values of the flow in the gray matter are higher in the basal-temporal and frontal regions. This regional pattern is not evident for the other considered parameters (flow in the white matter, mean flow, "weight" of the gray matter).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Histochemical localization of prostaglandin synthetase in human exocrine glands.

Prostaglandin synthetase activity is histochemically detected in the epithelial cells of the human prostate, seminal vesicle, and deferential ampulla. The addition of the specific inhibitor indomethacin to the incubating medium strongly reduces the staining reaction. The presence of exogenous substrate in the medium is not required for the reaction, since identical results are observed following incubation with and without arachidonic acid. The presence of the enzyme appears to be related to the secretion of prostaglandins into the seminal fluid, but there is a possibility that some prostaglandins influence the metabolism of the secreting cells themselves. The localization of prostaglandin synthetase in the ductal epithelia of human salivary glands is related to a possible regulatory role of the prostaglandins upon the reabsorptive activity of the ductal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Histochemistry of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human salivary glands.

Human parotid and submandibular glands showed no 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity. The 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) and the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) appeared intensely reactive in the duct epithelia of the male and female glands and weakly reactive in the acinar cells of the female ones. The failure to demonstrate 3 alpha-HSD activity indicates that in-vivo androgen activation, if present at all, is not so marked as in target organs. The different distribution of the 3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD in the two sexes can be related not only to the oxidation of androgens but also to the metabolism of the female hormones. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) do not seem to be specifically influenced by the sex hormones as their pattern of distribution showed no sex differences.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1982

The ampulla ductus deferentis in man, as viewed by SEM and TEM.

The epithelium of the human ampulla consists of rare basal cells and a single type of principal (secretory) cells. The principal cells, which vary in height from cuboidal to columnar, often have conical or club shaped apical portions projecting and bulging into the lumen. Their cytoplasm contains an abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, numerous mitochondria, and many lipopigment granules. The Golgi apparatus is well developed and originates the secretory vacuoles which are discharged by exocytosis. Though the majority of nuclei are ovoid, deeply fissured or even lobated nuclei are not uncommon. The basal cells are small, nonsecretory cells, whose cytoplasm shows numerous filaments having a diameter of 55 A. The lumen contains masses of amorphous secretions and some spermatozoa. The human ampulla is a gland endowed with the same morphological features as those of the seminal vesicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Histochemistry of some steroid-dehydrogenases in epithelia of human seminal vesicle, deferential ampulla, and prostate gland.

The cytochemical localization of 17 beta-SDH, 3 beta-SDH, and 3 alpha-SDH was made in human seminal vesicle, deferential ampulla and prostate. The enzymes showed a remarkable activity in the epithelial cells of all glands. The epithelia of prostate, seminal vesicle, and deferential ampulla were able to metabolize androgens through the reductive pathway, characteristic of target tissues.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1979

[Histochemical studies of the parotid and submandibular glands of humans].

Human parotid and submandibular glands were studied using histological techniques. Proteins rich in arginine, tyrosine, cystine-cysteine and tryptophan were present within secretory granules of seromucous acini and ducts of both glands. Acid phosphatase, ali-esterase, peroxidase and 3-beta-steroid-dehydrogenase were also demonstrated in the two glands.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Histochemical studies of the epithelium of the human ampulla ductus deferentis].

Human ampullary epithelium contains numerous apical granules, which show a strong P.A.S. reaction, but do not stain with methods for acid mucins. No glycogen is detected. Acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase are localized in granules, scattered within the cytoplasm, while peroxidase activity is not demonstrable. The significance of these results is discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Histochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, D-sorbitol dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in human ampulla ductus deferentis.

A cytochemical study on the localization of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase was carried out in human ampullary glands. Although the former two enzymes showed a marked reactivity, alkaline phosphatase was absent from epithelial cells. On the basis of these results it is concluded that, as in the human seminal vesicle, in the ampullary gland fructose is probably secreted via the oxidative mechanism proposed by Hers (Le Metabolisme du Fructose. Bruxelles, Arscia, 1957).

Alkaline Phosphatase↗