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Biomedical subjects

M Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to M Cooper.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Role of specific postingestional effects and medicinal context in the acquisition of liking for tastes.

The role of positive postingestional effects in the acquisition of liking for tastes was explored. The purpose of the first study was to ask whether changes in liking are associated with the repeated ingestion in a medicinal context of a drug which produces positive consequences and which has a distinctive flavor. The results revealed no evidence for an acquired liking overall, and a more fine-grained analysis found no evidence that any type of positive effect which occurred was associated with an increase in liking. In a second study, using a retrospective questionnaire, an examination was made of the changes in liking for a wider range of medicines with tastes as well as for a number of foods. Again, none of the specific positive medicinal effects (types of symptom relief) examined were especially effective in enhancing liking. However, comparison of data for foods and medicines revealed that the latter are less likely to come to be liked than are the former. One possible explanation for these results is that when substances are ingested with the primary motivation of obtaining positive postingestional consequences, as in the case of medicines, this extrinsic motivation interferes with the acquisition of liking.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for the clonal origin of acquired hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura from a sex chromosome mosaic.

Cytogenetic studies performed on a 79-year-old female presenting with clinical and hematologic features of acquired hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura revealed sex chromosome mosaicism in blood lymphocytes (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX). The presence of only 45,X cells in the bone marrow is consistent with a unicellular origin of acquired hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia in this patient. These studies also suggest that, in some instances, this disorder may originate at the level of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Biotyping and virulence factors in clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas species.

Biochemical characteristics and virulence factors were compared in 147 Aeromonas spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea and in 94 strains isolated from metropolitan water supplies in the same area during the same period. Fermentation of arabinose occurred with 58.5% of the environmental strains and 15% of the clinical isolates; 39.4% of the strains from water and 6.8% of the fecal isolates fermented salicin. The frequency of esculin hydrolysis was the same in both groups. Ninety-one percent of clinical isolates and 70.2% of environmental strains were enterotoxigenic and, except for four clinical isolates, all of these strains also produced hemolysins. Hemagglutination that was inhibited by fucose and mannose but not by galactose was found in 67% of the water isolates and 10.2% of the clinical strains. Although the distribution of several characteristics differs in clinical and environmental strains, many of the strains found in water have properties identical with those of the clinical isolates. We suggest that such strains may be potential enteric pathogens.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1984

Hemagglutination patterns of Aeromonas spp. in relation to biotype and source.

Aeromonas spp. show patterns of hemagglutination with human group O cells in the presence of fucose, galactose, and mannose. These patterns are related to biotype as well as to the source of isolates. There was good correlation between hemagglutination pattern and the presence of diarrhea among strains isolated in Western Australia, which was the only source with adequate data for classification of children with an without diarrhea. Most of the environmental and other nonfecal isolates produced patterns different from those in strains associated with diarrhea. These results suggest that hemagglutinins should be considered with enterotoxins as virulence factors in Aeromonas spp.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1984

Coeliac disease in the Rehovot-Ashdod region of Israel: incidence and ethnic distribution.

The data from a large group of children with biopsy proved coeliac disease born in the Rehovot-Ashdod region of Israel and treated in a regional hospital provided us with the basis for the determination of the annual birth cohort incidence of coeliac disease for the period 1968-81. The findings show a minimum birth cohort incidence of 1.71/1000 live births. The highest incidence rate was in children of Asian origin and the lowest in second generation Israel born. The incidence of coeliac disease rose sharply during the study period.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

Homozygosity for autosomal dominant Marfan syndrome.

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition with varying phenotypic manifestations. Affected persons are usually heterozygotes. A family is presented in which the gene for this syndrome is segregating in a large number of members. Two sibs suffered from unusually severe, identical, and fatal manifestations from birth, their parents having mild cardiovascular and somatic symptoms common in Marfan syndrome. Investigation of collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts revealed no abnormalities in fibronectin and procollagen I and III synthesis and secretion or in the procollagen to collagen conversion. We suggest that these two sibs are examples of homozygosity for the Marfan syndrome gene, based on the large number of affected members, the absence of additional consanguinity, manifestation of the syndrome in both parents, and the severity of the disease in the two sibs.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Breed and swine lymphocyte antigen haplotype differences in agglutination titers following vaccination with B. bronchiseptica.

Genetic differences in immune response to B. bronchiseptica after vaccination with a commercial B. bronchiseptica bacterin were investigated in 1,069 8-wk-old pigs. These pigs were from 65 litters born in the spring and 66 litters born in the fall of 1982 and were purebreds from the Chester White (n = 128), Duroc (n = 281), Hampshire (n = 143), Landrace (n = 309) and Yorkshire (n = 208) breeds. Each litter was raised separately. Individual pigs were vaccinated im at 4 and 6 wk of age with 2 ml of B. bronchiseptica bacterin. At 8 wk of age, 8 ml of blood were collected from each animal and serum prepared to determine agglutinating antibody titers against B. bronchiseptica bacterin by a bacterial agglutination method. In addition, lymphocytes were separated from 1 ml of heparinized blood and used to determine Swine Lymphocyte Antigen (SLA) haplotypes by using cytotoxic antibodies against the SLA complex. Antisera for 3 SLA haplotypes were made available by the National Institutes of Health. Results indicated that breed of pig (P less than .01) and dam of pig (P less than .01) affected the immune response of the pig after B. bronchiseptica vaccination. Higher immune response was also associated (P less than .05) with one of the SLA haplotypes tested. Heritability estimates for immune response following vaccination were .10 +/- .12 (half-sib) and .42 +/- .19 (full-sib). Results suggest that the relationship of the SLA complex to immune response in the pig and nonadditive genetic and maternal effects on immune response should be further investigated.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Pre-B cell leukemia responds poorly to treatment: a pediatric oncology group study.

Seventy-eight of 362 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had leukemic cells similar in phenotype to normal pre-B cells. When the clinical and laboratory features of patients with pre-B and "null" cell phenotypes of ALL were compared, no significant differences were noted, except that the pre-B cell ALL phenotype had a higher percentage of black children. In contrast, patients with T cell ALL had a higher median age at diagnosis, frequent thymic involvement, and higher WBC counts. Patients with pre-B and "null" cell ALL were treated identically and patients with T cell ALL differently. Although no difference in remission induction rates was noted between patient groups with pre-B and "null" cell ALL, the remissions were of shorter duration for patients with pre-B cell ALL (p = 0.004). Similarly, overt leukemic involvement of both the central nervous system (CNS) and bone marrow was noted sooner in the patient group with pre-B cell ALL. Univariate and multivariate Cox life table regression analyses demonstrate the independent prognostic significance of the pre-B phenotype and illustrate that the prognostic influence of potential relapse risk factors, such as WBC, sex, and age, are specific for leukemia phenotype. These findings may have importance for the design and tailoring of therapy for children with acute leukemia.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1983

The contribution of genetically determined oxidation status to inter-individual variation in phenacetin disposition.

The oxidative O-de-ethylation and aromatic 2-hydroxylation of phenacetin have been investigated in panels of extensive (EM, n = 13) and poor (PM, n = 10) metabolizers of debrisoquine. The EM group excreted in the urine significantly more paracetamol (EM: 40.8 +/- 14.9% dose/0-8 h; PM: 29.2 +/- 8.7% dose/0-8 h, 2P less than 0.05) and significantly less 2-hydroxylated metabolites (EM: 4.7 +/- 2.3% dose/0-8 h; PM: 9.7 +/- 3.5% dose/0-8 h, 2P less than 0.005) than the PM group. Apparent first-order rate constants, calculated from pooled phenotype data, for overall elimination of phenacetin (k) and formation of paracetamol (kml) were higher in the EM group (EM: k = 0.191 +/- 0.151 h-1; kml = 0.091 +/- 0.025 h-1; PM: k = 0.098 +/- 0.035 h-1, 2P less than 0.05, kml = 0.052 +/- 0.019 h-1, 2P less than 0.05) than the PM group. The apparent first-order rate constant for 2-hydroxylation displayed no significant inter-phenotype differences. Correlation analysis demonstrated that genetically determined oxidation status accounted for approximately 50% of the inter-individual variability in phenacetin disposition encountered in this study.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1983

Cholesterol turnover and metabolism in two patients with abetalipoproteinemia.

Total body turnover of cholesterol was studied in two patients with abetalipoproteinemia, a 32-year-old man and a 31-year-old woman. The patients received [14C]cholesterol intravenously, and the resulting specific activity-time curves (for 40 and 30 weeks, respectively) were fitted with a three-pool model. Parameters were compared with those from studies of cholesterol turnover in 82 normal and hyperlipidemic subjects. A three-pool model gave the best fit for the abetalipoproteinemic patients, as well as for the 82 previously studied subjects, suggesting general applicability of this model. Cholesterol production rates in the two abetalipoproteinemic subjects (0.82 and 0.89 g/day) were close to values predicted for persons of their body weight. Thus, total body turnover rate of cholesterol was quite normal in abetalipoproteinemia, confirming previous reports. Very low values (9.2 and 8.4 g) were found for M1, the size of the rapidly exchanging compartment pool 1, in the two abetalipoproteinemic subjects. These values were well below the values predicted (from the comparison study population) for normal persons of this size with low plasma cholesterol levels. For one patient, total body exchangeable cholesterol was very low, although not significantly below the predicted values for a person of his size. In the second patient, the observed estimate for total body exchangeable cholesterol was well within the range of values predicted for persons of her size with low to extremely low cholesterol levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abetalipoproteinemia↗