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Biomedical subjects

M Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to M Cooper.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Ocular surgery in ophthalmic zoster.

Surgical outcome after ophthalmic zoster was analysed with respect to cataract, glaucoma, corneal ulceration and scarring. We used data from the Zoster Clinic and Hospital Activity Analysis (HAA) at Moorfields Eye Hospital and a lipid keratopathy database at the Western Ophthalmic Hospital. Conventional surgery for cataract, glaucoma and corneal scarring gave good results which were probably no different from experience with routine cases, although there was a tendency for prolonged post-operative inflammation. Lateral and central tarsorrhaphy for neuroparalytic ulceration almost invariably led to rapid healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coital urinary incontinence in an Australian population.

A total of 1,012 patients referred to 4 urodynamic centres were questioned, and subsequently investigated. Coital incontinence was present in 192 of the 839 (23%), who were sexually active. Ninety-five patients (49%) had the urodynamic diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence, alone or in association with cystocoele or interstitial cystitis. Fifty-one (26.6%) had urodynamically proven detrusor instability with or without interstitial cystitis. Forty-five (23.4%) had dual pathology as the final urodynamic diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Development of a confirmatory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV-1 antibodies.

We subcloned six discrete protein-coding regions representing the gag (Kp24 and Kp55), env (Kp41, Kp120N, and Kp120CC), and pol (Kp66/31) gene products of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and expressed them in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with the first 56 residues of galactokinase. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for confirming the presence of HIV-1 antibodies was developed by coating the six purified antigens on individual wells of a microtiter plate (the HIVAGEN assay). This assay yielded no false-negative results and fewer indeterminate results than the Western blot assay for 143 specimens from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). Analysis of 1016 specimens from seronegative donors by the HIVAGEN assay yielded no false-positive results, and the rate of indeterminate results was substantially lower than for the Western blot assay. The HIVAGEN assay is well suited for routine confirmation of the presence of HIV-1 antibodies because it is objective, quantitative, rapid, precise, and readily automatable.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Delayed sequelae of pulmonary barotrauma.

Progression of cystic changes in the lung, with development of pneumothoraces long after withdrawal of ventilatory support, was observed in two patients who recovered from adult respiratory distress syndrome. On pathologic examination both pleural and parenchymal cysts were confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An antibacterial and antiviral powdered soft-drink base.

Soft-drink powdered mixtures have been developed which are bactericidal against a range of enteric bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus and which kill some enteric viruses in vitro. These mixtures could be used to help reduce risks of water-borne diarrhoeal illnesses, and as the basis for oral rehydration solutions, which would resist bacterial contamination after their preparation, to treat patients with diarrhoeal dehydration.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Effect of glycaemic control on glomerular filtration rate in the streptozotocin diabetic rat.

1. Diabetes was induced in 32 adult Wistar-Kyoto rats with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Fourteen rats remained untreated, 10 received insulin three times per week, and eight received insulin daily. Fourteen non-diabetic rats served as controls. 2. Exchangeable sodium and plasma volume were elevated in the untreated diabetic rats. Treatment normalized these parameters. 3. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was elevated in the untreated diabetic group and the group receiving insulin three times per week compared with the control group. Daily insulin treatment restored GFR towards control values. 4. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor was similar in untreated diabetic rats and non-diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Megestrol acetate as primary hormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer.

The records of 133 patients treated with megestrol acetate as primary hormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer were reviewed retrospectively, using International Union Against Cancer (UICC) criteria for response. The median age was 65 years, 121 patients were over age 50, and the age range was 39 to 94 years. Response rates (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]/total) by qualitative receptor level, with levels of 10 fmol/mg of protein considered positive, were as follows (ER = estrogen receptor, PgR = progesterone receptor): For ER + PgR+, 13 + 15/56 (50%); for those with one positive receptor, 0 + 12/47 (26%); for ER - PgR-, 0 + 0/12 (0%); and for receptor-unknown cases, 2 + 3/18 (14%). Response for ER less than 30 fmol/mg was 2 + 6/39 (21%); for ER 30 to 50, 1 + 5/16 (40%); and for ER greater than 50 fmol/mg, 11 + 15/56 (46%). For PgR less than 30, response was 0 + 6/37 (16%); for PgR 30 to 50 fmol/mg, 1 + 4/14 (36%); and for PgR greater than 50 fmol/mg, 12 + 13/54 (46%). For the 75 patients with a disease-free interval (DFI) of 2 years or less, the response rate was 5 + 1/75 (8%), and for the 58 patients with DFI greater than 2 years, 10 + 12/60 (37%). For patients with prior chemotherapy, 3 + 8/49 (22%) had an objective response. For those with no prior chemotherapy, 12 + 19/84 (37%) responded. Response by dominant site of disease was as follows: soft tissue 12 + 9/43 (49%), bone 2 + 13/49 (31%), viscera 2 + 5/41 (17%). Of these seven patients with visceral dominant disease who responded, all had PgR levels greater than 50 fmol/mg, all but one had an ER level over 100 fmol/mg, all but one were over age 65, and all but two received no prior chemotherapy. We conclude that megestrol acetate is effective initial hormonal therapy for patients with advanced breast cancer. It may have some role to play in the treatment of carefully selected cases with visceral disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of oral supplementation with L-carnitine on maximum and submaximum exercise capacity.

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation upon maximum and submaximum exercise capacity. Two groups of healthy, untrained subjects were studied in double-blind cross-over trails. Oral supplementation of 2 g per day L-carnitine was used for 2 weeks in the first trial and the same dose but for 4 weeks in the second trial. Maximum and submaximum exercise capacity were assessed during a continuous progressive cycle ergometer exercise test performed at 70 rpm. In trial 1, plasma concentrations of lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate were measured pre- and post-exercise. In trial 2, pre- and post-exercise plasma lactate were measured. The results of treatment with L-carnitine demonstrated no significant changes in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) or in maximum heart rate. In trial 1, there was a small improvement in submaximal performance as evidenced by a decrease in the heart-rate response to a work-load requiring 50% of VO2max. The more extensive trial 2 did not reproduce the significant result obtained in trial 1, that is, there was no significant decrease in heart rate at any given submaximal exercise intensity, under carnitine-supplemented conditions. Plasma metabolic concentrations were unchanged following L-carnitine, in both trials. It is concluded, that in contrast to other reports, carnitine supplementation may be of little benefit to exercise performance since the observed effects were small and inconsistent.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1987

The epidemiology of herpes zoster.

The epidemiology of Zoster is analysed by means of data acquired from the Zoster Clinic at Moorfields and the RCGP Research Unit. It complements and extends previous surveys, using much larger and consistent data, showing the effects of age, sex and season. The behaviour in the population as a whole and the pathogenesis are discussed; a model is proposed to explain the characteristics of some of the data, particularly the effects of age and non-specific stresses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ophthalmic zoster: mucous plaque keratitis.

Data taken from 1221 patients attending the Zoster Clinic of Moorfields Eye Hospital over the past 15 years were used to characterise the clinical appearance and behaviour of zoster mucous plaque keratitis (MPK). The typical greyish branching plaques are usually accompanied by a limbitis, stromal keratitis, or decrease in corneal sensation and are commonly associated with cataract, raised intraocular pressure, or corneal ulceration. MPK may begin at any time within two years of onset of the rash, but when it appears after three months there are more complications. Usually MPK settles within one month if appropriate treatment with topical steroids and acetylcysteine drops is given, but surgical intervention is sometimes required to control glaucoma or neuroparalytic keratitis or to remove cataracts. The results of surgery are surprisingly good.

Adult↗