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M Cooney

Publications and source records attributed to M Cooney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Dual-test monitoring of hyperglycemia using daily glucose and weekly fructosamine values.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of using a dual-test blood glucose/fructosamine home monitoring system to assist individuals identified as having the potential for poor glycemic control to achieve values closer to normal. Forty-eight subjects found to have a fasting blood glucose value of > or = 126 mg/dL, casual blood glucose value of > or = 140 mg/dL, and/or blood fructosamine value of > or = 310 micromol/L, agreed to perform daily self testing for 90 days and were provided a dual-test blood glucose/fructosamine home monitoring system and testing supplies at no charge to them. Medication changes/compliance along with dietary and exercise habits were compared to testing results by the principle investigator at approximate 30-day intervals. The desired goal of this project was to achieve and/or maintain a fasting blood glucose value of < or = 110 mg/dL, a casual blood glucose value of < or = 140 mg/dL and a blood fructosamine value of < or = 310 micromol/L by encouraging each individual to realize the effect of dietary intake and exercise habits, and understand the importance of medication compliance, if appropriate, in achieving better overall glycemic control. Four subjects withdrew from the study prior to completion, 11 of the remaining 44 completed 60 days of testing and 33 of 44 completed 90 days of testing. Regular monitoring and counseling achieved an average reduction in blood glucose of 27.5% and a 16.6% reduction in average blood fructosamine when compared to original screening results of these 44 individuals. This study indicates that the addition of weekly fructosamine values to daily blood glucose values provides both the patient and clinician valuable information to evaluate the impact of dietary, exercise, and medication therapy changes on glycemic control by bridging the existing gap between daily blood glucose values and quarterly HbA1c confirmation of intervention results.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Dual test diabetes screening project: screening for poor glycemic control in a large workplace population.

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a dual test blood glucose/fructosamine home monitoring system to screen individuals in the workplace for poor glycemic control. Screening values qualifying individuals for 90 days of additional monitoring were as follows: fasting blood glucose > or =126 mg/dL, casual blood glucose > or =140 mg/dL, and/or fructosamine <310 micromol/L. Subjects with positive values were provided access to classroom instruction by a Certified Diabetes Educator. The population consisted of 100 males and 177 females, ages 22-71 years, mean 49.7 years, with 12 males and 22 females reporting diabetes. Their ethnic backgrounds were 17.7% African American, 0.4% Asian, 1.8% Hispanic, 0.4% mixed, and 79.8% Caucasian reflecting the general United States population. A total of 26 males and 27 females had results indicating poor glycemic control. Of the known individuals with diabetes, seven of 12 males and 15 of 22 females had positive results. More males than females were unaware of their potential for diabetes but of those previously diagnosed with diabetes more females than males had poor glycemic control. A total of 31 subjects tested positive for blood glucose, 39 tested positive for fructosamine, indicating a 15.1% (p < 0.005) improvement in detection chances with fructosamine. Cost per subject including equipment, supplies, and labor was $18.13. Study results indicate that the addition of a fructosamine test improves screening accuracy for large groups of people while retaining ease of use and affordability.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A study of the knowledge that school rugby coaches have in the management and prevention of serious neck injury.

The following study is an analysis of the knowledge school rugby coaches responsible for Senior Cup Team in Leinster, have in the area of neck injury prevention and management. When serious neck injuries affect schoolboys it is particularly tragic and deserves special attention. The study targeted all the coaches of Senior Cup Teams in Leinster. Results showed that coaches lack vital knowledge in the area of neck injury prevention, recognition and management. Only 50% (n = 18) of coaches have a first aid qualification and only 47% (n = 17) carry first aid equipment to deal with neck injuries to matches. More than half of the schools in the study sample do not have neck collars available and a staggering 83% (n = 30) of schools do not have a stretcher available to SCT players. The study highlights the need to provide better first aid facilities in schools and demonstrates the need for further education of school rugby coaches.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1999

Fourth cranial nerve palsy in pediatric patients with pseudotumor cerebri.

PURPOSE: To describe three children with acute fourth cranial nerve palsy secondary to pseudotumor cerebri. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of children younger than 18 years who were diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri between 1977 and 1997. Pseudotumor cerebri was defined by normal neuro-imaging, elevated intracranial pressure measured by lumbar puncture, and normal cerebrospinal fluid composition. RESULTS: Three children with pseudotumor cerebri presented with vertical diplopia and clinical signs of fourth cranial nerve palsy including a hypertropia of the affected eye, which increased with adduction and ipsilateral head tilt. The fourth cranial nerve palsy resolved after reduction of the intracranial pressure in all three children. CONCLUSIONS: Fourth cranial nerve palsy may occur in children with pseudotumor cerebri and may be a nonspecific sign of elevated intracranial pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Residential care in hospital and in the community--quality of care and quality of life.

BACKGROUND: The reduction of beds in long-stay hospitals has led to concerns over the quality of care offered to the remaining residents as well as that provided in the community. This study seeks to compare the quality of care and quality of life (reported satisfaction) from residents in both types of setting. METHOD: A cross-sectional comparison was made of community residential homes and hospital wards drawn randomly from lists provided by local authorities in the outer London area. Samples were drawn from all the main provider types (local authority, housing association, private and joint NHS/voluntary sector). Measures were taken of the quality of the physical environment, staff and resident characteristics, external management arrangements and internal management regimes, resident satisfaction and staff stress. Direct observations were also made of the amount and quality of staff-resident interactions. RESULTS: In general, the most disabled residents were found to be still living in hospital in the Worst conditions and receiving the poorest quality of care. Although there were some problems with missing data, hospital residents also seemed most dissatisfied with their living situation. There were few differences between community providers regarding either the quality of care provided or the levels of reported satisfaction. Quality of care in the community homes seemed to be much more determined by the personality and orientation of project leaders. CONCLUSIONS: Purchasers and providers still need to give attention to the problems of selectively discharging the most able residents to the community, leaving the most disabled being looked after in progressively deteriorating conditions. All residential providers need to review their internal management practices and try to ensure that residents are offered, as far as possible, the opportunity to make basic choices about where and how they will live. Staff training and quality assurance practices need to be reviewed in order to improve the direct quality of care offered to the most disabled individuals.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Community psychiatric nurse teams: intensive support versus generic care.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated whether a community psychiatric nurse (CPN) team providing a comprehensive aftercare service, using a case management approach, improves psychopathology and social functioning of the long-term mentally ill, and reduces hospital use compared with a generic CPN team. METHOD: Patients suffering from severe and persistent mental health problems were randomised to intensive aftercare or generic care after referral to the CPN manager. Each group contained 41 patients who were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12 and 18 months by an independent research psychologist. Outcome measures included the GAS, PSE, SAS, patient and relatives' satisfaction, number of admissions, and length of stay. RESULTS: No difference between the groups was found on any of the outcome measures, despite the much higher number of contacts of the intensive (n = 52) versus generic CPNs (n = 13) and the much greater range of interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive aftercare for people with persistent mental health problems was not found to be of greater benefit than generic CPN care. Many factors need to be considered for aftercare to be effective, including community resources, process of care, and staff training.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Personality as a vulnerability factor to depression.

One hundred and forty non-depressed primiparous women in a stable relationship completed two personality measures (the EPI and the IPSM) antenatally, and were then assessed for depression at several times post-natally. The risk of depression at six months was increased up to tenfold by high interpersonal sensitivity and threefold by high neuroticism. When previously depressed women were excluded from analyses, high interpersonal sensitivity and, to a lesser extent, high neuroticism were still associated with an increased risk of being depressed. Interpersonal sensitivity, as measured, is suggested as a refined personality risk factor to both the onset and recurrence of depression.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1991

Isoniazid resistant tuberculosis in a school outbreak: the protective effect of BCG.

An outbreak of isoniazid resistant tuberculosis occurred in a large second level school. A total of 1,160 teenage pupils were at risk. Nineteen cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, 15 were students, 9 of whom were among 251 non-vaccinated students and 6 among 909 vaccinated students. Two cases of miliary tuberculosis, one of whom also had tuberculous (TB) meningitis, occurred in the non-vaccinated group. The number of children with Heaf grade +3 or +4 was significantly greater among children who had been given Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination (8 vs 4.4%). This suggests a boosting effect on the response in vaccinated children. The protective effect of neonatal BCG vaccination in this school outbreak suggests that it provides significant protection against tuberculosis lasting into adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Improved pulmonary function in chronic quadriplegics after pulmonary therapy and arm ergometry.

Quadriplegics suffer from restrictive lung disease due to neural damage, spasticity, and prolonged immobilisation. These studies were undertaken to see whether respiratory therapy can improve expiratory capacity in quadriplegics. Fifteen patients with chronic quadriplegia participated in a programme of pulmonary therapy and resistance exercise for 7 to 12 weeks. Pulmonary therapy consisted of incentive spirometry for 15 minutes a day 3 to 5 days per week. Resistance exercise consisted of pedalling an arm ergometer up to 30 minutes three times a week. Forced vital capacity was measured with the subject in a wheelchair wearing a nose clip. The volume of expired air (max Ve) was as determined with a paramagnetic analyser during arm ergometry. The volume of expired air was divided by the number of breaths, giving the volume of expired air per breath (Ve). The results indicated that a combination of incentive spirometry and arm ergometry improves vital capacity and increased the maximum volume of expired air during exercise. These methods are non-invasive, and such modalities should constitute part of the rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia associated with Chlamydia TWAR infection demonstrated serologically.

Serum specimens from 198 patients with pneumonia hospitalized in Seattle between October 1980 and April 1981 were retrospectively tested for antibody against a recently described Chlamydia organism called TWAR. They had been previously tested for antibody for some viruses and Mycoplasma. Twenty (10%) had serologic evidence of recent TWAR infection. The hospital records of the patients with acute TWAR antibody and an equal number of matched controls were examined for clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment, and course during the hospital stay. It was not possible clinically or roentgenographically to distinguish pneumonia associated with TWAR antibody from pneumonia in the controls. Nine of 20 patients with TWAR antibody acquired pneumonia during their hospital stay. The mode of transmission in the hospital was not determined. All the patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia had been intubated, and all had had some surgical procedure. Ten of 20 control patients had onset of their pneumonia in the hospital. Fifteen (11%) of 142 of the patients with pneumonia had evidence of influenza A virus infection. The clinical characteristics of their pneumonias were similar to those of the patients with acute TWAR antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Site-specific oligonucleotide binding represses transcription of the human c-myc gene in vitro.

A 27-base-long DNA oligonucleotide was designed that binds to duplex DNA at a single site within the 5' end of the human c-myc gene, 115 base pairs upstream from the transcription origin P1. On the basis of the physical properties of its bound complex, it was concluded that the oligonucleotide forms a colinear triplex with the duplex binding site. By means of an in vitro assay system, it was possible to show a correlation between triplex formation at -115 base pairs and repression of c-myc transcription. The possibility is discussed that triplex formation (site-specific RNA binding to a DNA duplex) could serve as the basis for an alternative program of gene control in vivo.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1988

Cost-efficiency of a long-acting cephalosporin agent.

In a prospective longitudinal study of patients in a general surgical ward, the relative cost-efficiencies of a long-acting third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone--mean plasma elimination t 1/2 390 min) and a short-acting second generation cephalosporin (cephamandole: mean plasma elimination t 1/2 32 min) were determined. The total cost of therapy for 24 h was +32.88 for cephamandole and +22.78 for ceftriaxone, that is, a reduction of 31%. Considerable cost containment can be achieved by using third generation cephalosporin agents that only require the administration of one intravenous injection per day.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Human monoclonal antibody against Forssman antigen.

Hybrid cells formed between human lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells produce human immunoglobulin in culture. Stable antibody-producing cell lines can be isolated after multiple cycles of low-density passage, cloning, and continued selection for immunoglobulin production. The origin and characteristics of a hybrid of human and mouse cells is described. This hybrid produces high concentrations (8.3 micrograms per milliliter) of human immunoglobulin M reactive with the terminal disaccharide of the Forssman glycolipid. These findings point to the potential use of human-mouse hybrid cells as a source of human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Animals↗