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Biomedical subjects

M Collins

Publications and source records attributed to M Collins.

389 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
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The dreaded Mrs. Scott.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
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Cancer mortality and the method of chlorination of public drinking water: St. Louis City and St. Louis County, Missouri.

St. Louis City and St. Louis County, Missouri share the same public drinking water source, namely the Missouri River. The 'all cancer' and most organ specific cancer mortality rates have been consistently and considerably higher for St. Louis City than for St. Louis County for the period 1960 through 1972. A change in the St. Louis County water treatment process, which included increasing the chlorine dosage and delaying the addition of ammonia to form chloramines until just prior to distribution, was instituted in 1955. St. Louis City has, by contrast, continued the lower chlorine level and early ammoniation. Trend analysis using the period 1960-67 and 1972-76 showed higher percentage as well as net cancer mortality rate per million increases for large bowel, liver and bladder cancers for St. Louis County. An apparent association between a probable increase in trihalomethane production in the St. Louis County water since 1955 and an increase in these specific cancer rates which exceed the increases in the St. Louis City rates appears to have been shown. This does not imply causality but is in general agreement with other studies which have examined water chlorination and cancer mortality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing prostate cancer awareness in African American men.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the knowledge base of African American men regarding prostate cancer and evaluate the immediate effects of an educational intervention on short-term knowledge acquisition. DESIGN: Prospective one group pretest/post-test. SETTING: Church meetings, Salvation Army senior meetings, health fairs, and senior citizens' meetings in the African American community of a large midwestern city. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 75 African American men (ages 23-88) who completed a pre- and postintervention questionnaire regarding knowledge and awareness of prostate cancer. METHOD: The questionnaire was based on patient education material from the American Cancer Society. The instrument consisted of seven statements related to prostate cancer incidence, risk factors, and detection. Following completion of the preintervention questionnaire, the investigator provided subjects with information on prostate cancer. Subjects were retested. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Knowledge and awareness of prostate cancer including incidence, risk factors, and detection in African American men. FINDINGS: Correct responses increased from 23% (preeducation) to 64% (posteducation). The three most frequently missed questions on the pretest related to urinary frequency as an early sign of prostate cancer incidence of prostate cancer in African American men, and increased risk among African American men for prostate cancer when compared to Caucasian men. These items remained the three most frequently missed questions on the post-test. CONCLUSIONS: An educational intervention had a positive effect on short-term knowledge and awareness of prostate cancer in African American men. Additional research is necessary to assess long-term retention of information and what effect, if any, increased knowledge has on health behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Continued efforts are warranted to encourage this high-risk group to participate in prostate screenings. To influence health behavior, patient education and information regarding the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer is critical in this high-risk population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing self-efficacy through empowerment: preoperative education for orthopaedic patients.

PURPOSE: To examine whether patients who received an empowerment model of education for preoperative orthopaedic teaching had improved outcomes compared to patients who received the traditional education. DESIGN: An experimental (empowerment teaching method) group vs. comparison (traditional teaching method) group posttest design. SAMPLE: Seventy-four patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. METHODS: Following the preoperative teaching session, patients in both groups completed a questionnaire designed to measure their perceptions of the teaching (empowerment) and self-efficacy (belief in their ability to carry out perioperative tasks). A chart audit and phone interview was done after discharge to assess length of stay, pain management, complications, and patient perceptions of the ability to complete perioperative tasks. FINDINGS: Patients in the empowerment group felt the educational approach was more empowering and had significantly higher self-efficacy scores than those in the traditional teaching group. There was much less variation in empowerment and self-efficacy scores in the empowerment group. The empowerment group reported feeling greater confidence in performing perioperative tasks. There were no differences in length of stay, complications or pain control. CONCLUSION: Use of an empowerment teaching approach enabled patients to become more confident in their ability to carry out perioperative tasks and become a more integral part of the preoperative teaching process. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH: The theoretical model will be used to structure other educational programs and guide research. More sensitive measures of complications and pain control should be considered for future studies.

Adolescent↗