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Biomedical subjects

M Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to M Coleman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND: Data from postmortem, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia may have anatomical abnormalities of the left temporal lobe, but it is unclear whether these abnormalities are related to the thought disorder characteristic of schizophrenia. METHODS: We used new MRI neuroimaging techniques to derive (without knowledge of the diagnosis) volume measurements and three-dimensional reconstructions of temporal-lobe structures in vivo in 15 right-handed men with chronic schizophrenia and 15 matched controls. RESULTS: As compared with the controls, the patients had significant reductions in the volume of gray matter in the left anterior hippocampus-amygdala (by 19 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 36 percent]), the left parahippocampal gyrus (by 13 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 23 percent], vs. 8 percent on the right), and the left superior temporal gyrus (by 15 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 25 percent]). The volume of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus correlated with the score on the thought-disorder index in the 13 patients evaluated (r = -0.81, P = 0.001). None of these regional volume decreases was accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the overall brain or temporal lobe. The volume of gray matter in a control region (the superior frontal gyrus) was essentially the same in the patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenia involves localized reductions in the gray matter of the left temporal lobe. The degree of thought disorder is related to the size of the reduction in volume of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dominant thalassemia-like phenotypes associated with mutations in exon 3 of the beta-globin gene.

Mutations producing beta-thalassemia reach individual gene frequencies greater than .01 in malarial-endemic regions because beta-thalassemia trait individuals have increased genetic fitness over that of normal individuals. Exon 3 of the beta-globin gene has been relatively spared as a site of common beta-thalassemia mutations. Frameshifts caused by the loss of a single nucleotide and nonsense mutations produce beta-thalassemia trait when they occur in exons 1 and 2. In contrast, they usually produce chronic hemolytic anemia when present in exon 3. Certain missense mutations in exon 3 produce unstable globins and thalassemia intermedia with hemolysis in heterozygotes. Here we report two new mutations in exon 3 of the beta-globin gene. One is a single nucleotide deletion in codon 109 in a 78-year-old Lithuanian with chronic hemolytic anemia and features of thalassemia. It leads to an abnormal globin (beta Manhattan) that is elongated to 156 amino acids. The second is a CAG-CGG missense mutation at codon 127 that causes a Gln----Pro substitution (beta Houston) and a thalassemia intermedia with hemolysis in three generations of a British-American family. Although the clinical phenotypes of these two patients differed little, differences in globin-synthetic ratios were significant, presumably reflecting differences in the ability of each abnormal beta-globin to form alpha beta dimers. The paucity of high-frequency exon 3 mutations and their worldwide distribution is likely attributable to their phenotypic severity and loss of increased genetic fitness vis-a-vis malaria.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The effect of clients' family structure on nursing students' cognitive schemas and verbal behavior.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate if nursing students stereotype clients on the basis of family status. In addition, the influence of information about the client's family status on students' predictions about the client's behavior, information sought from the client, recalled information, and verbal responses directed toward the client were examined. The participants were 83 nursing students from a large Midwestern university. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Brief written information about a female adult client with a vaginal discharge was provided and, after listening to an audiotaped interview between a nurse and the client, students completed a battery of questionnaires. They also responded verbally to questions asked by the audiotaped client. All information given to both groups was identical except for the client's family status. Results indicated that the client who was a married mother was perceived somewhat more positively than the unmarried mother client. Participants' perceptions were only somewhat consistent with cultural stereotypes about these family statuses. Information sought and information remembered about the client were greater when she was an unmarried mother. There were no differences in predictions of patients' behaviors and verbal responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Localisation of the gene for Norrie disease to between DXS7 and DXS426 on Xp.

A highly informative microsatellite marker, DXS426, which maps proximal to DXS7 in the interval Xp11.4-Xp11.23, has been used to refine further the localisation of the gene for Norrie disease (NDP). The results from a multiply informative crossover localize the NDP gene proximal to DXS7. In conjunction with information from 2 NDP patients who have a deletion for DXS7 but not for DSX426, our data indicate that the NDP gene lies between DXS7 and DXS426 on proximal Xp.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of a YAC containing part or all of the Norrie disease locus.

It has been shown from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) that the monoamine oxidase genes A and B (MAOA & MAOB) and DXS7 loci are physically very close. We have therefore extended studies on their relationship through the characterisation of a 650 kb YAC isolated using L1.28 (recognising the DXS7 locus) as a probe. Restriction mapping of the YAC indicates that it contains both MAOA and MAOB genes in addition to the DXS7 locus. The map derived from the YL1.28-YAC is compatible both with the map from an independently derived YAC carrying MAOA and B genes and with the long range genomic map for the region. A series of subclones prepared from a 'phage library (lambda DASH II) of the YAC have been characterised and have been employed to determine the end point of the deletion of a Norrie disease (NDP) patient who has been shown to lack both DXS7 and MAO coding sequences. The pattern of retention of subclones in the deletion patient place the end point of the deletion within 30-130 kb of the proximal end of the YAC. By combining the data with established recombination analysis, we provide evidence that all or part of the NDP lies in the interval of approximately 250kb within the YAC.

Blindness↗
PubMed1992

Prenatal exclusion of Norrie's disease.

We report on the use of DNA marker probes and linkage analysis to exclude Norrie's disease in the male fetus of a high risk carrier. There are no clinical markers in females carrying the Norrie's disease gene; thus DNA linkage analysis is an essential technique in the management of families 'at-risk' for this severe ophthalmic disease. The principles of DNA linkage are discussed.

Blindness↗
PubMed1992

Cytogenetic evidence for extramedullary blast crisis with t(8;13)(q11;p11) in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

A 27-year-old male developed massive generalized lymphadenopathy with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) presenting as extramedullary blast crisis mimicking a lymphocytic lymphoma. On presentation, a consistent chromosomal abnormality involving chromosomes 8 and 13, i.e. 46,XY,t(8;13) (q11;p11), was present in lymph node tissue, bone marrow and unstimulated peripheral blood. The appearance of trisomy 21 in addition to the presence of the original cytogenetic abnormality is simply regarded as clonal evolution, i.e. 47,XY,t(8;13)(q11;p11),+21. The importance of the cytogenetics lies in finding the same abnormality in bone marrow and lymph node, adding evidence that the immunologically similar cells in the two sites have arisen from a common progenitor cell. To our knowledge, this novel chromosomal abnormality has not been reported in association with a unique case.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Phase I-II trial of high-dose melphalan in previously untreated stage III multiple myeloma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 8512.

To study the efficiency of high-dose melphalan in previously untreated patients with advanced myeloma, we performed a Phase I-II trial. Twenty-eight patients were treated at dose level of 60-140 mg/m2. Each patient was first treated with a priming dose of cyclophosphamide (300 mg) followed by high-dose melphalen 1 week later. One course of therapy was given. Patients were then followed without further therapy until relapse. Clinical and laboratory features of the 28 patients in this study included: median age 63, performance status 0-2, hypercalcemia 21%, bone pain 82%, paraprotein types: IgG 76%, Iga 20%, and paraproteinuria 71%. Because none of the patients achieved complete remission (CR) at 60 mg/m2, despite life-threatening toxicity in all patients, the dose level was rapidly increased to 140 mg/m2, a dose previously reported to induce a high percentage of CR. At this dose, CR was achieved in only 1 of 11 patients (9%). This patient had multiple plasmacytomas without generalized bone marrow involvement. One additional patient at 100 mg/m2 achieved CR. Of the whole group, 12 achieved PR. Durations of remissions were generally short: CR 6.3 and 18+ months and PR 2.3-18 month, median 6.9 months. Life-threatening myelosuppression was universal with prolonged pancytopenia. Treatment-related deaths from sepsis were observed in 29% of patients. The median survival of the entire group was 15.6 months. Older patients in this trial did not tolerate high-dose melphalen therapy well; this resulted in a high proportion of toxic deaths and poor overall survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Child care providers and AIDS: a study of knowledge versus acceptance.

A survey of child care providers' knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and attitudes toward recommended child care policies regarding AIDS was conducted in a Southeastern state. Significant knowledge differences regarding HIV transmission were found between certain comparison groups, although all groups agreed more than disagreed with current information about HIV transmission. In contrast, the child care providers were uniformly more cautious than accepting of recommended child care policies regarding AIDS. Suggestions for follow-up research and educational strategies to promote providers' acceptance of children with AIDS are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Anticoagulant properties of semisynthetic polysaccharide sulfates.

Several naturally occurring polysaccharides were purified and subsequently sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine complex. These were isolated as the sodium salt and further purified by ECTEOLA cellulose chromatography. Anticoagulant properties of the sulfated polysaccharides were compared with commercial heparin by measuring their in vitro effects on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) using pooled normal human plasma. In general, all the compounds exhibited antithrombic (anti-TT) properties similar to heparin but were less effective than heparin in inhibiting APTT or PT. The in vivo anticoagulant properties were also compared with commercial heparin by injecting rats a single intraperitoneal dose and measuring plasma APTT at 2, 4 and 6 hour intervals. All of the compounds including heparin increased APTT significantly at 2 hours and then gradually returned to near normal value after 6 hours. Larchwood xylan sulfate was almost as active as heparin in inhibiting APTT while the rest of the compounds were less active. Toxicological studies using rats showed wide variations in the LD50 of various compounds. Sulfated xylan and heparin were least toxic while sulfated polysaccharide of locust bean was most toxic. For most of the compounds the LD50 was 5-100 fold higher than the effective dosage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Complex chromosomal abnormalities in a patient with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB).

We report a new case of refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) having complex chromosomal abnormalities. The 5q- associated with RAEB and other preleukemic syndromes was present in 100% of the cells; however, 60% of the cells had a highly unusual derivative chromosome involving the short arm of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 5, i.e., t(1;5)(p36;q14). Although the patient presented with highly complex chromosomal abnormalities, his initial clinical presentation was that of typical refractory anemia with excess blasts. Shortly after diagnosis (7 months), the patient developed acute leukemia.

Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts↗
PubMed1991

Remarriage and health.

One hundred and five adult females and 100 adult males from the mid-Missouri area participated in a study to compare the health complaints of remarried women and men and to determine correlates of these health complaints. A structured interview format was used to gather information, and each subject completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Inventory of Family Feelings (IFF). No major health differences between women and men were found, although women experienced more changes in health complaints following remarriage than men did. Overall, the health of both men and women was affected most by their feelings toward one another and by having decision-making power within the family. For men, more decision-making power in the family and high marital satisfaction were associated with better health. For women, health was associated with positive feelings toward their spouse and less decision-making power. In addition, a woman's health was better with fewer children in the family and when all the children in the household were hers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

A simple and effective method of sterilizing Esmarch bandages.

The authors evaluated three methods of sterilizing Esmarch bandages. A commercially available autoclave tape laid along the whole length of the midpoint of the width of the bandage was used to determine sterility. Satisfactory sterility was achieved by rolling the Esmarch loosely, with a standard crepe bandage interposed between layers. Tightly rolled bandages and folded bandages without the crepe bandage interposition could not be reliably sterilized.

Bandages↗
PubMed1991

The role of radiation therapy in the management of hematopoietic neurologic complications in thalassemia.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is encountered in some severe anemic conditions. Very rarely it may cause neurologic symptoms, leading to spinal cord or cauda equina compression. Two patients with thalassemia who developed neurologic complications are described. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings, CT scan and magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). The two patients responded successfully to irradiation and blood transfusion. The prognosis is excellent, if recognized at an early stage. Our experience supports the role of radiation therapy as standard treatment for this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A loading dose/continuous infusion schedule of fludarabine phosphate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Using a loading dose/continuous infusion schedule, fludarabine phosphate was administered to 51 patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All patients had evidence of active disease, and the majority had advanced Rai stages. Of the 42 patients assessable for response, 22 (52%) achieved a partial response, five (12%) had stable disease, and 15 (36%) progressed. Thirteen of the 22 responders improved their Rai stages with fludarabine therapy, including six patients who achieved stage 0. Response rates for pretreatment stages III and IV were 60% and 53%, respectively. Patients with final Rai stages 0 to II had better survival than those with stages III and IV. Patients who had undergone splenectomy before starting therapy were more likely to respond. Myelosuppression was the primary toxicity and did not appear to be cumulative. Severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, although infrequent, were associated with several deaths in the early cycles of treatment. Nonhematologic toxicity was mild with no serious neurotoxicity noted. Infections were common with 22 minor, 18 major, and 10 fatal episodes. Fludarabine phosphate by this alternative dosing schedule is effective in refractory advanced CLL and is well tolerated by the majority of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Carcinogenicity evaluations and ongoing studies: the IARC databases.

Many thousands of chemicals are produced industrially and many more occur naturally. Information on the toxicology of these chemicals is often minimal or absent. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has published evaluations of the carcinogenic risk to humans of over 700 chemicals, groups of chemicals, and complex mixtures as a regular series of monographs. A database has been created containing summaries of all the relevant epidemiological, animal carcinogenicity, and other relevant biological data for each chemical or mixture evaluated. Additional databases have been created for ongoing epidemiological studies of cancer in humans and for long-term carcinogenicity studies in rodents, as well as a database containing information on genotoxic and related effects of chemicals. Some of these databases have been published in print form. IARC now plans to publish them electronically, together with other databases, in the form of a CDROM (compact disk, read-only memory). The objective will be to make the entire IARC database of cancer information as widely available as possible in an integrated format conducive to efficient and combined exploitation of all the component databases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Unplanned pregnancy.

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Family Planning Services↗