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Biomedical subjects

M Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to M Cohen.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Home blood-glucose monitoring: a new approach to the management of diabetes mellitus.

The results in 116 diabetics who were performing long-term home blood-glucose monitoring (HBGM) are presented. By means of Dextrostix and portable glucose meters at home and at work, patients recorded blood glucose (BG) profiles during original treatment and subsequent adjustment, and were followed up for four to 18 months. Initially marked fluctuations in BG levels occurred, with 67% of patients demonstrating hypoglycaemia (clinically silent in 53%) followed by rebound hyperglycaemia (the Somogyi effect). Adjustment of the insulin regimen resulted in reduction in standard deviation of BG concentration from a mean of 4.4 mmol/L to 2.7 mmol/L (P less than 0.001), thus avoiding both hypoglycaemia and extreme hyperglycaemia. Daily insulin dose decreased from a mean of 44 (+/- 21 SD) units to 30 (+/- 12 SD) units per day (P less than 0.001), and the insulin regimens used are described. The results of urine tests correlated poorly with those of HBGM in 67% of patients. Patient acceptance of HBGM was excellent, and it has permanently replaced urine testing in 96% of the subjects. Management based on HBGM resulted in improved diabetic control and life-style, and reduced the frequency of hospital admissions. The need for adequate education in technique and supervision is stressed. HBGM is superior to, and more acceptable than, urine testing as a method of monitoring diabetic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The baboon endogenous virus genome. II. Provirus sequence variations in baboon cell DNA.

Restriction analysis of the approximately 100 integrated baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) proviruses in baboon cells and tissues has revealed two major sequence variations, both in the gag gene region of the genome. One, a 150 nucleotide pair insert, is present in a small proportion of the proviral DNAs and some baboons, but is present in the majority of the proviral DNAs of other baboons. The second, a Bam HI recognition sequence located 2.25 kb from the proviral 5' end, is missing or modified in approximately one-half of the integrated genomes. We consider the possibility that accumulation of proviruses not containing the 0.15 kb insert is correlated with viral activation and expression since it is this form that is a replication intermediate in freshly infected permissive cells. It is evident from these initial studies that the organization of the multiple BaEV proviruses in baboon DNA has undergone modification during evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Chemotherapy of extensive large cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung: a randomized trial in 210 patients.

Two hundred ten patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung were entered into a two-arm randomized trail. Cytoxan + CCNU + methotrexate was compared to Adriamycin and procarbazine. The tumor response to CCM was significantly higher than the tumor response to Adriamycin and procarbazine. No significant difference existed between the two treatments with respect to survival. Initial performance status, weight loss prior to therapy, and response to therapy were all found to be significant prognostic factors. Median survival time relative to responders in both treatment groups was 31.7 weeks and 15.8 weeks for non-responders.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Psychiatric hospital aids its community.

A state hospital, which had been viewed as an unwelcome neighbor, has adopted a youth employment program that has established the facility as an asset to the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Role of guar and dietary fibre in the management of diabetes mellitus.

High-fibre diets, particularly with the addition of guar gum, have been reported to improve control of blood glucose concentration in diabetics. These studies are reviewed, and the results of a study of 22 obese, poorly controlled, poorly compliant diabetic outpatients are presented. In a random, single-blind controlled trial, either guar, or bran, or placebo were added to the previous diet. Over a three-month period, there were no changes in weight, fasting blood glucose levels, or random blood glucose levels. Problems of tolerance were experienced with guar gum. Therefore, supplementation of the diet of such patients with guar gum or bran does not produce long-term improvements in diabetic control in a clinical context. The use of naturally occurring high-fibre foods may slightly improve diabetic control in motivated patients, but further long-term trials are required to establish whether dietary fibre will have any significant role in the practical management of diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

Predicting the outcome of psychotherapy. findings of the Penn Psychotherapy Project.

Our study of predictability of outcomes of psychotherapy used predictions of two kinds: (1) direct predictions by patients, therapists, and clinical observers; and (2) predictive measures derived from the same sources. Seventy-three nonpsychotic patients were treated in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy (mean, 44 sessions). Two thirds of the therapists were residents in psychiatry; one third were more experienced. The two main composite outcome measures, measured at termination, were Raw Gain (residualized) and Rated Benefits, which intercorrelated at .76. Most patients improved and showed a considerable range of benefits. The clinical observers' direct predictions of Rated Benefits were highest (.27, P less than 905). The success of the predictive measures were generally insignificant, and the best of them were in the .2 to .3 range meaning that only 5% to 10% of the outcome variance was predicted. The Prognostic Index Interview variables did the best (eg, emotional freedom composite, .30; a crossvalidation for 30 patients was .39 (P less than .05). Neither the therapist measures nor the early psychotherapy session measures predicted significantly. Reanalysis of the similar Chicago Counseling Center study, in our terms, showed a similar low level of prediction success, eg, adequacy of functioning, marital status match, and length of treatment predicted significantly in both studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Time-related changes in the distribution of sleep stages in brain injured patients.

The correlation between sleep pattern and cognition was studied in a follow-up of 9 patients with traumatic brain injury. The follow-up extended for a mean of 38 weeks after regaining consciousness, with 4-7 study periods for each patient. In addition to sleep pattern, 3 other variables were evaluated: independence in activities of daily living, locomotor and cognitive functions. In 7 patients there was a high correlation (r greater than 0.89) between cognition and REM sleep improvement whereas in 2 patients the correlation was lower (r less than 0.6). It is suggested that in the first group the REM mechanism was intact whereas in the latter, where a brain stem lesion was present, the REM mechanism was damaged. It is also suggested that the sleep pattern recovery time constant depends on the insult to the sleep mechanism structure whereas the REM steady-state recovery process depends on both cognitive maximal capacity and REM neural mechanism integrity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The use of metrizamide (amipaque) to visualise the gastrointestinal tract in children: a preliminary report.

Metrizamide (amipaque) has not been used previously as a diagnostic contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract. Metrizamide is a water-soluble isotonic contrast material having many advantages over barium and existing hypertonic water-soluble agents. There are many clinical situations in children in which metrizamide should be the contrast agent of choice for investigating the gastrointestinal tract. Four neonates are presented in whom barium or gastrografin were absolutely contraindicated. In each case metrizamide gave excellent visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. It could be followed through be bowel giving excellent visualisation even up to 120 h after ingestion. No harmful effects were noted in the four cases studied.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1980

Video-radiography of the velopharyngeal portal using the towne's view.

The Towne's projection expands the dimensions of video-radiographic evaluation of velopharyngeal function. Patient position is less complicated. A complete view of the sphincter is obtained in a single view. The technique, which has been used in 25 patients, is described with its merits, limitations, and indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Antihypertensive (2-aminoethyl)thiourea derivatives. 1.

Structure-activity studies were carried out on a series of antihypertensive 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(substituted phenyl)thioureas. From this class of compounds, the 2,6-dichlorophenyl analogue 2 was found to have potent oral antihypertensive activity in two hypertensive rat models and the renal hypertensive dog. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, 2 displayed sedative effects which had a marked species specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Baboon endogenous virus genome. I. Restriction enzyme map of the unintegrated DNA genome of a primate retrovirus.

A detailed restriction map was deduced for the genome of an endogenous retrovirus of a higher primate, that of baboon. The cleavage sites for 12 restriction enzymes were mapped. The unintegrated linear viral DNA intermediate that is produced by infection of permissive cells with baboon endogenous virus was isolated. Hybridization with a strong-stop complementary DNA probe demonstrated presence of a terminal repetition in the linear viral DNA. The positions of restriction sites for two particular enzymes, SmaI and XhoI, near each end were consistent with this result and indicated that the length of the repetition is 0.55 +/- 0.01 kilobase. The linear viral DNA had a unique restriction map indicating that it is not a set of random circular permutations of the RNA genome. From hybridization with a 3'-specific probe, the DNA restriction map was aligned relative to the 5'-to-3' orientation of the viral RNA. We observed a minor heterogeneity in a BamHI recognition site 1.95 kilobases from the right end of the linear map.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Direct injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in the treatment of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of bone: a report of 9 cases.

Solitary eosinophilic granulomas of bone are benign and tend to heal spontaneously over a period of months to years. Radiotherapy and curettage have certain risks, which may be excessive considering the benign nature of the lesion. The authors injected methylprednisolone directly into 9 pathologically proved solitary eosinophilic granulomas of bone and obtained initiation of healing and relief of pain in 8. There were no complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Clinical data are presented on 14 patients undergoing BCNU therapy for a primary intracranial glioma (11 biopsied, 3 suspected) in whom pulmonary fibrosis developed as a consequence of the therapy. Pulmonary diffusion abnormalities, dry hacking cough, and chest x-ray changes herald the onset of the process. Microscopic evaluation of lung specimens revealed a wide spectrum of change including hyaline membrane formation, alveolar septal thickening, interstitial fibrosis, and granuloma formation. It is concluded that BCNU causes pulmonary fibrosis that is primarily but not necessarily dose-related and may not be reversible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Percutaneous brush biopsy and internal drainage of biliary tree through endoprosthesis.

Percutaneous insertion of a permanent internal prosthesis for biliary tract decompression was successful in 15 patients with obstructive jaundice. Percutaneous brush biopsy of the obstructing lesion that preceded stent placement in six patients was successful in obtaining diagnostic tissue in four. Both techniques are described in detail with illustrative cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Thymic rebound after treatment of childhood tumors.

The development of a widened mediastinum in patients with neoplastic disease frequently indicates tumor recurrence or spread. Seven cases of mediastinal widening in children with a variety of neoplasms are described wherein the etiology is either proven or strongly suspected to be benign thymic enlargement. Awareness of this benign etiology for mediastinal widening may avert a diagnostic surgical procedure. A steroid trial in certain specific cases may assist in differentiating benign from malignant etiologies.

Child↗
PubMed1980

A light and electron microscopic study of sarcocysts in a horse.

The structure of sarcocysts in a horse is presented. Light microscopic examination revealed that the maximum cyst dimensions were 136 X 990 micrometers and the cyst walls were striated and 1 to 3 micrometers thick. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the "cyst wall" was formed by villuslike protrusions of the parasitophorous vacuole's primary wall. A unique feature was the presence and arrangement of microtubules within the parasitophorous vacuole. Thirty-four to 55 microtubules extended from the apical tips and sides of each villus and passed through the ground matrix to form junctions with the outer pellicle membrane of bradyzoites and metrocytes located at the margins of the cyst. The average dimensions of the bradyzoites were 3.2 X 14.2 micrometers.

Animals↗