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Biomedical subjects

M Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to M Cohen.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of labetalol on exercise tolerance and double product in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Maximal exercise capacity after control of resting blood pressure with labetalol was studied in nine hypertensive men aged 34 to 69 years (average 52 years). Subjects exercised to exhaustion on an upright cycle ergometer with workload increased as a step function by 25 watts every three minutes, both before and after control of blood pressure was obtained. Mean exercise capacity expressed as total time of exercise until exhaustion was 936 seconds prior to control of the resting blood pressure and 884 seconds (no significant difference) after control of resting blood pressure with labetalol. Double product at peak exercise fell from 254 X 10(2) mm Hg beats per minute prior to blood pressure control to 183 X 10(2) mm Hg beats per minute (p = 0.006) after control of blood pressure with labetalol. The difference in the means of resting heart rate and both peak blood pressure and peak heart rate with exercise were all statistically significant after control of blood pressure with labetalol. These findings suggest that labetalol has an ideal exercise profile affording a cardioprotective effect by decreasing double product but without sacrificing exercise capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The nucleotide sequence of the env gene from the human provirus ERV3 and isolation and characterization of an ERV3-specific cDNA.

The nucleotide sequence of the env gene of a previously described human provirus (ERV3) has been determined beginning near the 3'-end of the pol gene and continuing through the 3'-LTR. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of a long open reading frame of 1944 nucleotides that is capable of encoding a polypeptide that has characteristics of other retroviral glycoproteins and transmembrane proteins. These include the presence of seven potential glycosylation sites, a typical glycoprotein-transmembrane protein cleavage sequence, and amino acid homologies to the glycoproteins and transmembrane proteins of other retroviruses. Further, we have isolated an ERV3-specific cDNA clone from a library prepared from liver RNA of a 20-week human fetus. DNA sequence analysis of this clone revealed that it is identical to the ERV3 genomic clone in the 1110 nucleotides that were sequenced.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Nasopalatine duct cyst.

The nasopalatine duct cyst appears to be an aggressive and symptomatic condition in the South African black population group. Of a total of 114 cases, 30 patients, all blacks, had cysts in excess of 30 mm in diameter. Two patients with large nasopalatine duct cysts, one of which was infected, underwent computed tomography. Computed tomography is an excellent method of demonstrating the extent, bony destruction and relationship of the lesion to neighbouring structures. A review of the subject with clinical and radiological features is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computerized assessment of self-monitored blood glucose results using a Glucometer reflectance photometer with memory and microcomputer.

A microcomputer software package to receive, analyse, and present blood glucose/time information has been developed. Data input is accomplished automatically via interface to Glucometer reflectance photometer instruments which have been specially modified to retain glucose/time results by addition of a clock and electronic memory. This new development in self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has a number of advantages. It allows the rapid and meaningful analysis of large quantities of patient generated data to assess short- and long-term trends in BG patterns, and eliminates the tedium and possible errors of manual graphing. Patients were most interested in the positive feedback provided. The system has considerable potential in patient diabetes education and management.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human subjects.

Transluminal coronary angioplasty can serve as a model for controlled coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion which enables assessment of short-term changes in collateral vessel filling in patients with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. In 16 patients with isolated left anterior descending or right coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis) and normal left ventricular function, collateral filling to the artery being dilated was visualized by contrast injection into the contralateral artery using a second arterial catheter. During balloon inflation, contralateral dye injection was performed as soon as the patient developed angina or ST-T changes or at 90 seconds in those patients without symptoms or signs of ischemia. Grades of collateral filling from the contralateral vessel were: 0 = none; 1 = filling of side branches of the artery to be dilated via collateral channels without visualization of the epicardial segment; 2 = partial filling of the epicardial segment via collateral channels; 3 = complete filling of the epicardial segment of the artery being dilated via collateral channels. At baseline angiography, nine patients had grade 0 collateral filling, seven had grade 1 and none had grade 2 or 3. During coronary occlusion by balloon inflation, collateral filling improved by one grade in eight patients, two grades in five patients, three grades in two patients and remained the same in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence and significance of residual flow to the infarct zone during the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

Residual flow to the infarct zone was assessed by coronary angiography during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in 130 patients. In 36 patients, the infarct-related coronary artery was not completely obstructed, thereby providing residual anterograde flow to the infarct area (Group I). Complete obstruction of the infarct vessel with residual flow to the infarct zone by means of collateral circulation was observed in 56 patients (Group II). Complete obstruction of the infarct vessel without residual flow was seen in 38 patients (Group III). Ejection fraction during the acute phase of infarction was found to be significantly higher in Group I (55 +/- 13%) than in either Group II (48 +/- 13%) or Group III (50 +/- 10%) (p less than 0.05). Group II patients had a longer history of angina pectoris (14.2 +/- 21.4 months) than did Group III patients (0.7 +/- 3.1 months) (p less than 0.01). Patients in Group I and Group II were more likely to be taking antianginal medication (56 and 54%, respectively) than were the patients in Group III (16%) (p less than 0.01). Thirty-seven patients in whom reperfusion techniques were not employed had repeat angiography in the chronic phase of infarction, enabling assessment of spontaneous changes in left ventricular function and coronary morphology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The use of Clinitron therapy unit in the immediate postoperative care of pressure ulcers.

The conventional postoperative care of patients undergoing pressure ulcer operations is complicated and unsatisfactory. In an effort to improve this care, we used the Clinitron therapy unit, which provides a true flotation environment for the patient. The surface pressure on the skin constantly remains below the capillary closure pressure of 32 mm Hg, and therefore no change in the patient's position is required as with the other beds currently used. Its special design creates a bactericidal fluid medium in which the temperature can be controlled. Our experience with 16 patients using the Clinitron in the immediate postoperative period has been encouraging. Comments from the patients and the nursing and medical staff, as well as advantages and disadvantages of this modality are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Aerodynamic assessment of the results of pharyngeal flap surgery: a preliminary investigation.

Voice-quality (i.e., nasality) judgments are commonly used to evaluate the results of pharyngeal flap surgery. However, these are subjective judgments of questionable validity and reliability. This project was designed to systematically evaluate the outcome of pharyngeal flap surgery utilizing objective, quantifiable physiologic (pressure-flow) information. Thirty-one patients who had undergone pharyngeal flap surgery were selected. Pressure-flow measurements and perceptual judgments of speech were obtained following surgery. Results indicated that using pressure-flow criteria, only 52 percent of the outcomes were considered successful. Results also indicated that 35 percent of the cases were characterized by substantial nasopharyngeal airway obstruction. In the present study, these findings, along with the related perceptual phenomenon of denasality, were considered unsuccessful. Finally, results suggest that aerodynamic measurements can be used to assess other surgical techniques designed to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Serum carnosinase deficiency: a non-disabling phenotype?

Serum carnosinase deficiency (McKusick 21220) is a rare condition, described in 13 cases. Ten additional individuals with serum carnosinase deficiency have been identified. All continued to excrete increased amounts of carnosine in their urine despite a meat-free diet for 3 days. Serum carnosinase activity ranged from 0-30% of normal. In four individuals a normal Km for carnosine of 0.12 mM was observed, while in five individuals an increased Km was found. Homocarnosine levels in CSF in three individuals ranged from 3.4 to 15 mM. Clinical symptoms in these individuals were as follows: attention deficit disorder: 4; non progressive developmental delay: 1; neurofibromatosis: 1; absences seizures: 1; severe, but non-progressive mental retardation, seizures and neurosensory hearing loss: 1; progressive childhood dementia; 1; clinically normal: 1. There was no correlation between severity and type of the neurological symptoms and residual serum carnosinase activity. Although a definite conclusion can only be made after a considerably higher number of individuals has been analyzed, the suspicion that serum carnosinase deficiency is unrelated to the neurological symptoms is strengthened by these observations. There may, however, be an association with a predisposition for mental deficiency.

Carnosine↗
PubMed1985

Painful piezogenic pedal papules on a child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

A 5-year-old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome developed painful piezogenic pedal papules. She had suffered from pain in her heels for the previous two years and had undergone extensive orthopedic examinations that revealed no abnormalities. On admission, she had typical signs associated with piezogenic pedal papules (PPP), with pain induced by standing and disappearance of the lesions and the pain on relief of pressure. These papules were due to herniation of subcutaneous fat into the dermis, possibly because of structural defects of the connective tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of painful PPP occurring in childhood. We suggest that the herniation of subcutaneous fat in our patient was most probably due to the connective tissue defect that occurs in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Endometriosis detection by US with laparoscopic correlation.

Endometriosis is a common cause of female infertility. It may affect as many as 40% of infertile women and may be the sole contributing factor to infertility in 15%. A study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of the routine pelvic ultrasound (US) examination in the detection of endometriosis by correlating pelvic US findings with laparoscopic findings in 85 patients who underwent both examinations. Forty-eight patients (56.5%) had no laparoscopic evidence of endometriosis, and 37 patients (43.6%) had endometriosis. Eight of the patients had abnormal sonograms; of these patients, only four had sonographic abnormalities that corresponded to laparoscopically identified endometriosis. Thus, US was successful in detecting endometriosis in only four (10.8%) of 37 patients. US is neither sensitive nor specific in diagnosing endometriosis. Furthermore, we believe that US does not have a significant role in the diagnosis or management of endometriosis in patients in whom a pelvic mass or other obvious pelvic abnormality is not suspected.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1985

An assessment approach to couples with sexual problems.

We have described the assessment approach to couples with sexual complaints used in the McMaster Human Sexuality Clinic. Our approach takes into account a number of individual factors including intrapersonal and biological ones as well as issues of sexual socialization, gender role socialization and sexual orientation. Couple factors include relationship factors as well as factors dealing with sexual behaviours, attitudes and responses. In our view, the issues of sexual socialization and gender role socialization needs special emphasis in assessing such couples. We stress as well that the dichotomy between organic and functional is a misleading one and that for each individual and couple, any biological factors and the many supra-biological factors listed above, must be prioritized in terms of their role in symptom production. Such a priority list can then be used to map out treatment strategies.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Anesthesia and surgery in the seated position: analysis of 554 cases.

Because controversy exists regarding continued use of the seated position for neurosurgical procedures, this prospective (1981-1983) and retrospective (1972-1981) analysis of 554 seated patients was done to establish the incidence and severity of venous air embolism (VAE) related to type of surgical procedure and anesthetic technique; to examine the impact of specific monitoring practices on detection, morbidity, and mortality; and to establish the incidence of other complications related to the seated position (hypotension, quadriplegia, and arterial air embolism (AAE)). The overall morbidity and mortality related to the seated position was 1% (2 VAE, 1 AAE, 2 hypotension, 1 myocardial infarction) and 0.9% (1 VAE, 1 AAE, 2 hypotension, 1 quadriplegia), respectively. There has been no mortality since 1975. N2O did not seem to increase the incidence or severity of VAE. The seated position is safe in experienced hands if appropriate surgical and anesthetic skills are exercised in patient selection and management. Caution is advised in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, cervical stenosis, and right to left intracardiac shunts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Amniotic fluid and advances in prenatal diagnosis.

Maternal blood, amniotic fluid, and chorionic villus samples may be evaluated in the prenatal detection of neural tube defects, cytogenetic disorders, and inborn errors of metabolism. Laboratory tests for these abnormalities usually involve very specialized methods. They should be accompanied by equally rigorous clinical follow-up methods and expert counseling.

Adult↗