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Biomedical subjects

M Clavel

Publications and source records attributed to M Clavel.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Combination of dacarbazine and mitomycin in advanced colorectal cancer.

Twenty evaluable patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer received 3-week courses of a combination of IV dacarbazine 300 mg/m2/day from day 1 to day 5 and IV mitomycin 2 mg/m2/day from day 1 to day 5. Fourteen of these patients had had no prior chemotherapy and received two or more courses of this two-drug regimen. None of the patients achieved complete or partial response. Severe to life-threatening myelosuppression, was encountered in patients with prior radiotherapy and or prior chemotherapy, and/or in patients with a Karnofsky score less than or equal to 70. Hematologic toxicity was mild in the other patients. Nonhematologic toxic effects were generally mild to moderate and consisted essentially in nausea and vomiting. It is concluded that in our hands the regimen selected for this trial has no significant antitumor activity in advanced colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cisplatin and vindesine combination chemotherapy in advanced malignant melanoma: an EORTC phase II study.

Sixty-one evaluable patients with measurable advanced malignant melanoma received 4-week courses of a combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 as a 24-hr i.v. infusion on day 1 and vindesine 3 mg/m2 as an i.v. bolus on days 1, 8, 15 for two courses and every other week thereafter. Two patients achieved complete response for 46 and 81+ weeks respectively, eleven patients achieved partial response for a median of 17 weeks (range 8-26) and three patients had no change for 24 weeks or more. The overall response rate of 21% did not seem to be affected by prior chemotherapy or site of indicator lesions, soft tissue vs visceral. Myelosuppression, consisting essentially of leucopenia, required dose schedule modifications in 41% of the first two courses and 12% of the remaining courses, but never produced major complications. Non-hematologic toxic effects were prominent, especially nausea and vomiting, which were universal. Alopecia was seen in 71% of the patients, neuromuscular manifestations in 39%, diarrhea in 30%, renal impairment in 25%, mucositis in 12%, ototoxicity in 7% and phlebitis in 3%. These results do not suggest striking additive or synergistic antitumor activity of cisplatin and vindesine in advanced malignant melanoma, at least with the method of drug administration selected for this trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Symptomatic herpes zoster and sciatica. A case report.

The author reports a case of a 44-year-old woman with sciatica due to a herniated lumbar disc complicated by the appearance of a zoster eruption over the same, or nearly the same, dermatome. Among the causative factors that trigger herpes zoster prolapsed intervertebral disc is not usually included.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Increases in steroid binding globulins induced by tamoxifen in patients with carcinoma of the breast.

The effects of tamoxifen on cortisol binding globulin (CBG) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were studied in 25 women and one man with breast cancer. These patients were in various endocrine states according to age (15 post-menopausal women) or previous endocrine surgery (ovariectomy, two patients; ovariectomy plus adrenal surgery, five patients; hypophysectomy, three patients; ovariectomy plus hypophysectomy, two patients). The administration of tamoxifen (20-40 mg/day) resulted in increases in the level of CBG in all patients (mean rise in binding capacity 10.8 microgram cortisol/100 ml plasma) and in the level of SHBG in 21 patients (mean rise in binding capacity 0.79 microgram dihydrotestosterone/100 ml plasma for all patients). These increases were positively correlated. They were not associated with any alteration in the association constants of the steroid binding globulins. The effect of tamoxifen on CBG diminished with increasing age. The changes in the levels of CBG and SHBG were independent of the endocrinological state of the patient. It is inferred that tamoxifen has a direct oestrogen-like action on the liver which results in increased production of CBG and SHBG. Tamoxifen therapy for carcinoma of the breast appeared to be least effective in those patients in whom the drug caused the highest increase in the concentration of CBG.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improved control of emesis and quality of life with ondansetron in breast cancer.

Cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy is often given to patients for the treatment of breast cancer. This chemotherapy can induce severe nausea and vomiting in these patients, which can adversely affect their quality of life, especially as these regimens are often given on an outpatient basis over several courses. This paper reviews 5 randomised, double-blind, multicenter comparative studies which have been carried out in breast cancer patients to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of the potent and highly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. These studies have shown that ondansetron is superior to placebo in the control of emesis induced by a 14-day CMF schedule and that it is superior to conventional anti-emetics (metoclopramide and alizapride) in the control of acute and delayed emesis induced by regimens containing high-dose cyclophosphamide. Ondansetron was well tolerated in these studies and did not induced any extrapyramidal reactions. The efficacy and tolerability of ondansetron was reflected in a better quality of life for patients given this anti-emetic which was formally assessed in 2 of the studies using the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist or the Functional Living Index-Emesis. In conclusion, ondansetron is an effective and well-tolerated anti-emetic for patients receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Ondansetron provides significant benefits for patients' quality of life compared with conventional anti-emetics particularly as these patients are often treated on an outpatient basis and can be treated with oral ondansetron at home.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural study of the osteointegration of bioceramics (whitlockite and composite beta-TCP + collagen) in rabbit bone.

Study examines the osteointegration of two porous ceramic implants, beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and a composite (beta-TCP-collagen), in femur and tibias of 20 New Zealand white rabbits, which were sacrificed 1 week and 1, 4, and 12 months postimplant so that radiological, optical microscopic, and ultrastructural studies could be carried out. The results show a progressive degradation and resorption of both implant materials by means of a macrophagic reaction, which is at its most intense 1 month postimplant. The materials are substituted by newly formed bone tissue starting at the host bone-implant interface, the substitution being almost total by the end of the study, although less completely and earlier than in the case of the composite. Both materials can be considered as potential substitutes for bone tissue since they are biocompatible, bioreabsorbable, and osteogenic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multicenter prospective study of cardiac accidents during treatments with 5-FU].

In a prospective, multicenter study, we evaluated the incidence of adverse cardiac effects in 1097 patients receiving 5-FU as a short i.v. perfusion or as a continuous perfusion over 3 to 5 days. There were 29 cardiac events (incidence 1.6%; 4.5% in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, 1.1% in the remainder). Adverse effects were more frequent in the patients with advanced WHO (WHO = OMS) stage (2 or 3) primary tumors of the upper respiratory or digestive tract, or of the gastrointestinal tract, when 5-FU was given as a continuous perfusion. They also appeared to be more frequent in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, and mainly occurred during the second or third day of the first course of treatment. Retreatment of eight patients with 5-FU led to the recurrence of symptoms in five. The outcome of these adverse cardiac effects was generally favorable, but 11.5% of the patients died.

Fluorouracil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analgesic effects of tiapride in man. A double-blind comparative clinical trial against placebo (author's transl)].

A double-blind comparative study to estimate the effects of tiapride when compared to placebo was conducted in 29 patients with pain from cancer. Each patient acted for his own control. Excellent or good results were obtained in 14 cases with tiapride against 6 with placebo, and moderate or no results in 15 patients on tiapride and 23 on placebo. There is a highly significant statistical difference in favour of tiapride for efficacy, but no significant difference was noted between tolerance of tiapride and placebo.

Adult↗