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Biomedical subjects

M Clark

Publications and source records attributed to M Clark.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Improving oncology nursing content in an undergraduate program.

Through the efforts of the Professional Oncology Education Program, an increased awareness of the problems associated in dealing with the effects of cancer has occurred. The results of testing the students have been presented in the research seminars conducted at the college. Thus, faculty have been apprised of the progress of project activities. An indirect effect of the Professional Oncology Education Program has been the increase of honor students' projects related to cancer. The activities of the Professional Oncology Education Program have stimulated and educated the faculty in the vast amount of information needed by undergraduate students to give nursing care to patients with cancer.

Arizona↗
PubMed1988

Group B streptococcus and preterm rupture of membranes.

The effect of cervical group B streptococcus on the conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes was examined in 140 consecutive patients. Upon the patient's admission, we obtained cervical cultures for group B streptococcus, genital mycoplasmas, and chlamydia. Patients with and without group B streptococcus were compared. Group B streptococcus patients had earlier rupture of membranes (30.7 versus 31.6 weeks) and shorter latent periods (76.8 versus 138.5 hours). Intra-amniotic infection (six of 16 versus 26 of 120) and endometritis (four of ten versus three of 94) were significantly more common in group B streptococcus patients. Neonates of mothers positive for group B streptococcus were smaller (1749 +/- 844 versus 2100 +/- 779 g) and more likely to have infectious complications (eight of 16 versus 29 of 120; P less than .01). Control for the presence of mycoplasmas, chlamydia, listeria, or gonorrhea failed to change the significance of these results. The usual policy was to use intrapartum ampicillin prophylaxis in asymptomatic group B streptococcus patients. However, only four of 16 remained asymptomatic and had latent periods long enough for the results of cultures obtained on admission to be available. We conclude that group B streptococcus significantly complicates the conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes and that the effectiveness of intrapartum prophylactic ampicillin may be compromised by awaiting the results of conventional cultures to define colonized patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of iron deficiency and lead and the hematologic findings in children with severe lead poisoning.

Microcytic anemia, long considered an effect of lead poisoning, may in fact result from coexisting iron deficiency. In this study, how RBC size, hemoglobin, and zinc protoporphyrin vary as a function of iron status in a group of children with high lead levels was examined. Charts of all children (N = 51) admitted to Cook County Hospital for treatment of lead poisoning in 1981 to 1983 were reviewed for data on age, blood lead level, hemoglobin concentration, MCV, transferrin saturation and zinc protoporphyrin level. The mean lead level was 86 micrograms/dL and the range was 63 to 190 micrograms/dL. Children with transferrin saturation values less than 7% had a mean MCV of 56 microL, hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dL, and zinc protoporphyrin of 693 micrograms/dL; for those with saturations of 7% to 16%, the values were 61 microL, 10.1 g/dL, and 581 micrograms/dL, respectively; the children with saturations greater than 16% had normal mean MCVs and hemoglobin concentrations (74 microL and 11.4 g/dL) and a mean zinc protoporphyrin value of 240 micrograms/dL (P less than .0005). Multiple linear regression was used to correct for effect of age, and transferrin saturation remained the most important predictor of MCV, hemoglobin, and zinc protoporphyrin levels; the addition of lead did not improve the models. Results of this study suggest that iron deficiency is strongly associated with some of the observed toxicities of lead. Also, lead poisoning can exist without producing microcytosis or anemia, and zinc protoporphyrin concentration may not be a sensitive indicator of lead level in the absence of iron deficiency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1987

Identification of normal neurohormonal activity in mild congestive heart failure and stimulating effect of upright posture and diuretics.

To characterize further the pathophysiology of the neurohormonal vasoconstrictor pathways in congestive heart failure (CHF), plasma renin activity, plasma norepinephrine, blood pressure, blood volume and renal hemodynamics were measured in 12 patients with mild to moderate CHF. In addition, the response to the gravitational stress of head-up tilt and the influence of 3 weeks of furosemide treatment as stimuli of neurohormonal activity were assessed. Supine plasma renin activity before diuretics was relatively normal at 1.94 +/- 1.6 ng/ml/hr and was significantly increased to 3.9 +/- 2.7 ng/ml/hr after diuretics. During tilt, there was a significant reflex increase in plasma renin activity both before and after diuretics. Plasma norepinephrine was also relatively normal before diuretics (325 +/- 211 pg/ml), did not increase after diuretics, but showed significant increases during tilt both before and after diuretics. Diuretic administration led to decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but there was no change in body weight or total blood volume. In addition, diuretic administration did not result in any significant changes of renal blood flow (546 +/- 119 to 634 +/- 204 ml/min/1.73m2), glomerular filtration rate (81 +/- 22 to 90 +/- 27 ml/min/1.73m2) or filtration fraction (0.26 to 0.25). The present study demonstrates that the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system were not activated in the early symptomatic stages of CHF and that baroreceptor stimulation of these pathways during head-up tilt was relatively preserved. Renin secretion increased during diuretic administration, suggesting that the macula densa signal for renin release was also preserved in patients with relatively mild CHF.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Identification of cells of the human mononuclear phagocyte system with rat monoclonal antibodies.

Five rat monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to human macrophages are described: YTH 8.18, YTH 25.7, YTH 51.1, YTH 85.12.1, and YHB 65.5. These McAbs are divided into three groups, since YTH 8.18, YTH 51.1, and YHB 65.5 are thought to identify the same antigen. These McAbs react with some bone marrow blast cells, granulocytes, and different percentages of peripheral blood monocytes. When studied on different body tissues, they were found to identify all members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), except Langerhans cells of skin and epithelium and in the case of one group (YTH 8.18/YTH 51.1/YHB 65.5) osteoclasts. In nine reactive lymph nodes the anti macrophage McAbs identified germinal centre macrophages, sinus macrophages, and interdigitating cells, but not dendritic reticulum cells. They also identified epithelioid macrophages and Langhans-type multi-nucleated giant cells in lymph nodes involved in granulomatous lesions (sarcoidosis and toxoplasmosis). In 24 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the antimacrophage McAbs identified reactive macrophages in cases of B- or T-lymphocyte origin, whereas in three selected cases of true histiocytic lymphoma all the McAbs were found to be reactive with the vast majority of neoplastic macrophages as they were with the cells of a neoplastic macrophage line (U937). The possible use of these McAbs in the identification of benign and malignant macrophages in different systems is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Readability of computer display print enlarged for low vision.

A letter counting task was presented on a Macintosh computer screen using two different versions of 24 point Times Roman print. One version, called "grainy," had 12 matrix units per font height and the other, called "smooth," had 24. A mixed group of low vision subjects and a normally sighted group had speed and accuracy measured as they performed the test task from two different viewing distances. For both population groups, the remote test distances were arranged individually so that the letters subtended an angular size scarcely larger than threshold. The close distances were fairly representative of practical working distances. It was shown that, for both groups of subjects, smooth letters allowed faster performance for the closer working distances only. Smoothing the letters helped accuracy of performance at the far distances, and at the close distances, smoothing improved the accuracy for the low vision group but not for the normals. The implications are discussed.

Adult↗