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Biomedical subjects

M Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to M Chiba.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Determination of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) by enzyme immunoassay and its application to evaluation of lead exposure].

Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) technique using a glass bead was established in order to quantify the total amount of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD, EC 4, 2, 1, 24) including an inactivated enzyme and to determine the level of ALAD in erythrocytes of workers with moderate lead exposure. EIA was carried out by competitive antibody binding method in which the antigen (ALAD) was linked to a glass bead (O.D. 7 mm). A standard curve was fitted to the function y = A X B/(x-B) + C, where y is the enzymatic reaction product, x is the concentration of ALAD, and A, B and C are parameters. The coefficients of variation in the intra- and inter-assay were 3.7% and 6.5%, respectively. EIA-based amount of ALAD was 136.7 +/- 23 mg/l erythrocyte (mean +/- S.D.) in 66 workers. This ALAD amount was not found to be correlated with the lead level in the blood but correlated with the duration of lead-exposure. An especially good correlation (r = 0.453) was obtained with the inactivated portion of ALAD (EIA-based amount minus activity-based amount). On the other hand, the ratio of restored activity following heat treatment and addition of Zn and dithiothreitol to non-restored activity was well correlated with the lead level (r = 0.874), but not correlated with the duration of lead-exposure (r = 0.218). The inactivated portion of ALAD based on EIA accordingly may be considered a good indicator of the duration of lead exposure, and the activity-based amount of ALAD may be considered a suitable indicator of the extent of the present lead exposure.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1988

[Two cases of cerebral aspergillosis with intracerebral hemorrhage].

Two patients who had cerebral aspergillosis with massive intracerebral hemorrhage were presented. Case I was a 59-year-old woman who had slight mental retardation. There was swelling in the left forehead, from which mucosal cysts of frontal sinus had been removed 2 years before her admission. She had a diagnosis of subdural abscess and radical operation was performed. Aspergillus was found in the abscess histologically. Three months after the operation, CT scan revealed multiple abscess in bilateral frontal lobe. When she lost consciousness suddenly 4 months after the operation, CT scan showed a huge intracerebral hematoma. Case 2 was a 16-year-old girl who suffered from immunological dysfunction caused by more than 6 months antibiotics-steroid treatment for pneumonitis. She lost her consciousness after complaints of severe headache. CT scan showed a heterogeneous high density area with severe brain edema in the left temporal lobe. The removal of hematoma was performed immediately. The level of her consciousness improved, but she died of the complication of DIC and renal failure 14 days after the hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed a number of aspergillomas in lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas. Marked necrosis and a number of aspergillus hyphae which invaded and penetrated the wall of cerebral vessels were found in the brain tissue. It was presumed that such a huge intracerebral hematoma was caused by direct invasion and penetration into the brain of aspergillus from the blood vessels. The diagnosis of cerebral aspergillosis is made mainly by the pathological examination of the tissue obtained at surgery or autopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilatation].

There is increasing interest in the notion that some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) progress to morphological and functional manifestations similar to those of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). From 165 consecutive patients with HCM, 20 patients with left ventricular dilatation (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 50 mm) were selected and designated as dilated HCM. The diagnosis of HCM was established in these patients either by detection of the classical form of HCM in family members, with 2-dimensional echocardiographic evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH; septal thickness greater than or equal to 15 mm and a ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness greater than or equal to 1.3); or by demonstrating myocardial fiber disarray in autopsy or biopsy samples. The clinical manifestations of these patients with dilated HCM were then compared with those of other forms of HCM without left ventricular dilatation; 1) 40 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who had resting intraventricular pressure gradients of 20 mmHg or more, 2) 80 patients with non-obstructive HCM, each of whom had ASH of the entire ventricular septum (typical ASH), and 3) 25 non-obstructive patients whose hypertrophy was localized to the apical region of the ventricular septum (apical ASH). Patients having apical hypertrophy with a spade-like configuration on the left ventriculogram were excluded from the study. Compared with HOCM and typical ASH groups, the patients with dilated HCM had family histories of significantly more frequent HCM and less frequent hypertension. The patients with dilated HCM also had significantly less fractional shortening (FS), decreased interventricular septal thickness, greater left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and left ventricular dilatation. During the follow-up period (average: 3.5 years), seven patients (35%) with dilated HCM died; five from congestive heart failure (CHF), one suddenly, and one three days following mitral valve replacement. The other five patients had CHF at the time of their follow-up examination. The patients with apical ASH had clinical features similar to those of dilated HCM; a higher familial frequency, less marked septal hypertrophy, and higher LVEDP. They tended to develop left ventricular dilatation, associated with reduced fractional shortening, although left ventricular diameter at end-diastole did not exceed 50 mm. These findings suggested that dilated HCM is not a rare condition. It is observed in 12% of consecutive patients with HCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Behçet's disease associated with amyloidosis.

A case of Behçet's disease associated with amyloidosis is reported. A 34 year-old woman was referred to our Department after suffering diarrhea for one month. She had the complete type of Behçet's disease which began development when she was 12 years old. Diarrhea disappeared after she was admitted to the hospital but stool occult blood was strongly positive. A barium enema revealed the disappearance of haustration in the left colon. Urinalysis was normal. She suffered from cholecystolithiasis, and a cholecystectomy was performed. A histopathological examination revealed amyloid deposits in the stomach, duodenum, large bowel, gallbladder, and kidney. Amyloid was indicated as AA type after treating kidney and colon sections with potassium permanganate. Upon discharge, she was free of symptoms. Up to the present time, 19 cases, including our case of Behçet's disease with amyloidosis, have been reported. Four cases in Japan have been reported in Japanese. Reviewing the 19 cases, however, all of them developed initially as Behçet's disease, followed by amyloidosis and there have only been three cases including ours where the type of amyloid was studied. Our finding was identical to the previous two reports; namely identification of the AA type which is common in secondary amyloidosis. These findings lead to a conclusion that amyloidosis associated with Behçet's disease is secondary.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A case of salicylazosulfapyridine (Salazopyrin)-induced acute pancreatitis with positive lymphocyte stimulation test (LST).

A case of acute pancreatitis induced by salicylazosulfapyridine (Salazopyrin, SASP) was reported. A 33-year-old man with ulcerative colitis was given SASP. Five weeks later, P-type serum amylase was found to be elevated. The amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) and serum lipase were also elevated. There were neither subjective symptoms nor abnormal ultrasound findings in the pancrease. Lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) to SASP was positive. Asymptomatic pancreatitis by SASP was suspected and SASP administration was halted. Afterwards the abnormal data became normal. Readministration of SASP because of relapse caused an episode of pancreatitis similar to the first occasion. LST was negative before SASP intake and became positive after intake. Desensitization to SASP was unsuccessful. LST was negative before attempting desensitization and became positive when the dosage of SASP increased to 100 mg daily. This is the second case of acute pancreatitis reported to be induced by SASP and this is the first case in which LST to SASP was described. To our knowledge, this is also the first case in which a positive LST was described in drug-induced pancreatitis. This case provides evidence for the role of delayed type hypersensitivity in the etiopathogenesis of SASP allergy and of dose-independent drug-induced pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Expression of HLA-DR antigens on colonic epithelium in ulcerative colitis.

Although the expression of HLA-DR antigens on colonic epithelium in ulcerative colitis has been observed by several groups, the results of the expression in remission have been conflicting and there has been virtually no study concerning the expression in non-inflamed area in active ulcerative colitis. We studied systematically HLA-DR expression on colonic epithelium in 37 patients with ulcerative colitis chronologically, namely in remission as well as in the active stage and inflamed and non-inflamed areas simultaneously in the active stage. HLA-DR antigens were detected by indirect peroxidase staining using anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. We confirmed the previous observation that epithelium from control colon does not express HLA-DR antigens, while epithelium from ulcerative colitis expresses the antigens with high frequency (83.3 percent). In addition, we demonstrated that HLA-DR expression on colonic epithelium in active ulcerative colitis disappeared in remission. Our new finding was that there is no HLA-DR expression on colonic epithelium in non-inflamed mucosa in active ulcerative colitis. Namely HLA-DR antigens were expressed only on inflamed epithelium of ulcerative colitis. These results lead to the conclusion that the expression of HLA-DR antigens on colonic epithelium in ulcerative colitis is closely related to the inflammation of mucosa.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1987

Ring-like distribution of IgG-containing cells around the lymph follicle in the human intestine.

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells were studied in the lamina propria of the normal human large bowel and around the lymph follicle, including Peyer's patches, in the normal intestine. Ig-containing cells were identified by the indirect immunoperoxidase staining method, using mouse anti-human Ig monoclonal antibodies. In the lamina propria in the large bowel, the mean percentage of IgA+ (IgA1+ cells and IgA2+ cells), IgM+, IgD+, IgG+ and IgE+ cells was 75.9, 8.5, 7.3, 5.8, 2.5, respectively (total 100), namely there was a marked preponderance of IgA+ cells in comparison to IgG+ cells. However, IgG+ cells were observed not only on the epithelial but also in the serosal side of lymph follicles, showing a ring-like pattern. Ig+ cells of the other four classes did not show such a pattern. The ring-like distribution of IgG+ cells around lymph follicles was observed in both the large and small intestine including Peyer's patches. This tendency was observed in 9 out of 14 follicles (64.3 per cent). A large number of IgG+ cells were observed outside lymph follicles, while a small number of IgG+ cells were observed at the most outer rim of lymph follicles which suggested a local maturation of IgG+ cells. The significance and the role of the newly recognized IgG+ cells in the vicinity of lymph follicles remain to be resolved.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of yeast respiration and fermentation by benomyl, carbendazim, isocyanates, and other fungicidal chemicals.

The inhibition of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevesiae) metabolism by fungicidal chemicals was investigated. Glucose- or ethanol-dependent yeast respiration was measured with an oxygen electrode, and manometric determination of carbon dioxide release was used to measure fermentation. Both respiration and fermentation were inhibited more by benomyl than by identical molar concentrations of its breakdown product, carbendazim. Butyl isocyanate, another benomyl breakdown product, inhibited respiration more but inhibited fermentation less than the parent compound. Of the isocyanates tested, hexyl isocyanate was the most inhibitory towards both activities. Captan was more active and iprodione less active than benomyl. Because benomyl rapidly broke down to carbendazim when it was prepared in 80% ethanol, only 59% of the dissolved benomyl was intact when it was added to yeast to determine its effect on respiration or fermentation.

Benomyl↗
PubMed1987

NK activities and HNK-1+ cells in familial polyposis coli.

Although natural killer cells are thought to play a major role in surveillance against tumor development, no systemic studies on natural killer cells and their activities have been reported in familial polyposis coli in which cancer always develops at an early age. Natural killer activities and natural killer cells were studied in 14 patients with familial polyposis coli. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from familial polyposis coli showed normal cytotoxicities against K562 cells, P4788 cells derived from colon cancer and Chang cells. The number of natural killer cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes identified by an immunofluorescence antibody method and that in gut tissue by immunoperoxidase staining using anti-HNK-1 monoclonal antibody were comparable to those seen in normal controls. These results led to the following conclusion: it seems unlikely that a deficiency or impairment of natural killer activity is one of backgrounds for the development and subsequent malignant change of adenomas in familial polyposis coli.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1987

Rhabdomyolysis associated with Crohn's disease.

Three cases of Crohn's disease (CD) which showed an elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) during the course were reported. In two cases, elevations of serum myoglobin and aldolase were also observed which indicated rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis occurred unrelated to the activity of CD and it was asymptomatic. It was unable to identify an apparent known cause for rhabdomyolysis. All three cases were under elemental diet (ED) but the causality of ED for rhabdomyolysis was uncertain. So far as we know, there is no report on rhabdomyolysis during ED treatment and there are only two reports in which rhabdomyolysis was documented in CD. The latter was rhabdomyolysis due to electrolyte depletion secondary to malabsorption in CD which was not encountered in our cases. Our department dealt only three cases of CD and all of them had an elevation of CPK which had been measured as one of routine blood chemistry in our hospital. These observations led to a following conclusion that subclinical rhabdomyolysis may be one of extra-intestinal complications of CD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Two cases of surgically treated triple cancer].

Two cases of surgically treated triple cancer are reported. Case 1: Three tumors, one in the lung, one in the stomach, and one in the colon of a 74-year-old man were diagnosed preoperatively. First a subtotal gastrectomy and transverse colectomy were performed and, second 27 days later, a lobectomy of the lower left lung. Pathologically, each tumor proved to be a primary sion. Case 2: A 70-year-old woman, treated surgically for left breast cancer 5 years ago, was found to have anemia. Gastric endoscopy showed a cancer in the antrum. A subtotal gastrectomy was performed. Intraoperatively another tumor in the cecum was found and a right hemicolectomy was also performed. Pathologically each tumor was a primary lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with an aneurysm of the lenticulostriate artery].

We describe a patient with established systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in whom an intracerebral hemorrhage developed secondary to a ruptured aneurysm of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA). A 24-year-old woman with a four-year history of SLE was admitted to the department of internal medicine of Iwate Medical University for the treatment of lupus nephritis in 1985. She suddenly complained of severe headache and nausea, and soon lost consciousness. The computed tomographic scan revealed intracerebral hemorrhage in the left front-temporal region and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Left common carotid angiography demonstrated a 3 X 3 mm aneurysm of the LSA and displacement of other LSAs and anterior cerebral artery. The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in SLE was about ten percent in the reported central nervous system SLE, and it seemed that the prognosis of SLE with intracerebral hemorrhage was poor. The mechanisms of the intracerebral hemorrhage and the aneurysmal formation in SLE seemed to be due to lupus angiitis, but without clinical, radiologic and pathologic correlation. In operation, a ruptured aneurysm without neck was found in LSA and extirpated. In the pathological study, there was transmural angiitis, which fibrinoid necrosis, elastic tissue disruption and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found. Inflammatory cells were chiefly lymphohistiocytic with some polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It seemed that pathologic studies confirmed transmural angiitis with secondary aneurysm formation.

Adult↗