Diminished calcium homeostasis and increased susceptibility to excitotoxicity of JS 3/16 progenitor cells after differentiation to oligodendroglia.
JS 3/16, derived from passaged oligodendroglial cultures prepared from rat cerebral white matter, differentiate from progenitors (OP) into complex process-bearing, galactocerebroside-positive but myelin basic protein-negative immature oligodendrocyte-like cells (ImO) after withdrawal of trophic factors. We found that JS 3/16 ImO are markedly more susceptible than OP to cell death after sustained alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate glutamate receptor (AMPA-GluR) activation. This excitotoxicity is preceded by loss of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, which is more marked in ImO than OP. We identified three factors likely to contribute to the diminished Ca(2+) homeostatic capacity of ImO. First, signal intensities of immunoreactive GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4 AMPA-GluR subunits are increased 1.3- to 2.2-fold in ImO over OP without comparable changes in RNA editing and alternative splicing. Second, transcriptional levels of genes encoding Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger proteins and a plasma membrane ATPase (PMCA1), which are necessary for Ca(2+) extrusion across the plasma membrane, are lower in ImO than in OP. Third, ImO have more depolarized basal mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi) than OP, and Delta Psi collapses within 15 min after onset of AMPA-GluR activation in almost all ImO, but not in the majority of OP. This Delta Psi collapse limits the capacity of ImO mitochondria to buffer the rise in intracellular Ca(2+) caused by AMPA-GluR activation. The JS 3/16 line provides a valuable system for analysis of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and AMPA-GluR-mediated excitotoxicity in the oligodendroglial lineage.