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Biomedical subjects

M Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to M Chapman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

DNA-mediated gene transfer of a mutant regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

We have used DNA-mediated gene transfer of genomic DNA to introduce into wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells a mutant gene that confers resistance to the growth inhibitory effect of cAMP. This dominant mutation in CHO cell line 10248 is responsible for an alteration in the RI subunit (RI*) of the type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Singh, T. J., Hochman, J., Verna, R., Chapman, M., Abraham, I., Pastan, I.H., and Gottesman, M.M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13927-13933). The transformant 11564 which was studied in detail, has the same characteristics as the original mutant 10248 including continued growth in medium containing 8-Br-cAMP, an increase in the Ka for cAMP activation of the kinase, a greatly reduced amount of type II protein kinase activity, an altered incorporation of the photoaffinity label 8-N3[32P]cAMP into the RI* subunit of PKI, and an absence of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a Mr = 52,000 protein in intact cells. In addition, analysis of the DNA of the transformant indicates the presence of an increased amount of DNA for the RI gene. These results are consistent with the transfer of a mutant gene for the RI* subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its phenotypic expression in the transformant and also support the hypothesis that the mutation responsible for the defect in cell line 10248 is due to an alteration in the gene for RI.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1985

The assessment of persistent bradycardia in prenatal life.

Twelve patients with persistent fetal bradycardia were referred for echocardiographic assessment; in 10 patients the fetus had complete heart block, six isolated and four with associated structural heart disease. In the remaining two patients an atrial arrhythmia was producing a fetal sinus bradycardia. Complete heart block with structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. Isolated complete heart block has a good prognosis if the pregnancy is carefully managed. A sinus bradycardia due to atrial ectopic beats is a benign arrhythmia. Echocardiographic assessment of the heart can give an accurate prognosis in fetal bradycardia and provide a basis for appropriate obstetric management.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1985

Penetration of sulbactam-ampicillin and clavulanic acid-amoxicillin into the pelvic peritoneum.

Sixteen patients were given single intravenous injections of ampicillin (0.5 g) with sulbactam (0.5 g), and 15 patients were given amoxicillin (1 g) with clavulanic acid (0.2 g) before elective laparoscopy. At 2 h after dosing, the concentrations of the four compounds in serum and in the peritoneal fluid from the Pouch of Douglas and the ratio of each combination reached levels shown to be effective for antimicrobial activity in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of postpartum lactation on lipoprotein lipids and apoproteins.

To determine if postpartum lactation alters plasma lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations and composition, we studied 56 overnight fasting lactating and 16 nonlactating women approximately 6 weeks postpartum. Postpartum results are presented as absolute concentrations and as the difference from antepartum values determined at 36 weeks gestation. Antepartum lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations were generally not different in the 2 groups, with the single exception of whole plasma and low density lipoprotein (LDL) apoprotein (apo) B (probably a chance difference). When expressed as the antepartum and postpartum difference, the lactating and nonlactating groups were indistinguishable in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL triglyceride, cholesterol, phospholipid, and apo B concentrations. However, lactating women had higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, phospholipid, apo A-I, and apo A-II concentrations than nonlactating women when results were expressed as differences from antepartum values or as absolute values. HDL triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different between lactating and nonlactating women by either analysis. There was no significant effect of lactation on VLDL or LDL composition, but there was a significant increase in the percent cholesterol content in HDL. We hypothesize that the increase in HDL constituents in lactation is generated in part by increased catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the lactating breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of the radial head-capitellum view and the dorsal fat-pad sign in acute elbow trauma.

The radial head-capitellum (RHC) view was assessed in a prospective study of 130 patients with acute elbow trauma in whom 35 fractures were identified. The RHC view demonstrated only 16 of the 32 fractures available for review, including one fracture that was not seen on routine projections. Fat pads were displaced in all 31 patients with fractures; fat-pad displacement was demonstrated on the true lateral view in 29 and on the conventional radial-head view in two patients. Routine use of the RHC projection is not justified in all cases of elbow trauma. It may be added in cases in which no fracture has been identified but clinical suspicion remains high or displaced fat pads are seen on the routine projections.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and families with parental depression.

Patterns of attachment were examined in normal and depressed mothers. Mother's diagnosis (bipolar, major unipolar, or minor depression, or no psychiatric disorder), self-reported current mood states, and affective behavior in interaction with the child were considered. A modified version of Ainsworth and Wittig's Strange Situation was used to assess attachment. Insecure (A, C, and A/C patterns) attachments were more common among children of mothers with a major depression (bipolar or unipolar) than among children of mothers with minor depression or among children of normal mothers. Insecure attachment was more frequent in children of mothers with bipolar depression than in children of mothers with unipolar depression. A/C attachments were associated with histories of most severe depression in the mother. In families in which mothers were depressed, depression in the father did not increase the likelihood of anxious attachment between mother and child. However, if mothers with a major affective disorder were without a husband in the household, risk of an insecure mother-child attachment was significantly increased. The mothers' expressed emotions (positive vs. negative) in interaction with their children in situations other than the Strange Situation, and independent of diagnosis, predicted patterns of attachment: mothers of insecurely attached children expressed more negative and less positive emotion. Mothers' self-reports of moods on the days they were observed were unrelated to attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the transmission of social and emotional disorders in relation to mothers' affective functioning.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Accounting and the celebration of rationality in human service delivery organizations.

Emerging perspectives of control in human service delivery organizations are facilitated by rational accountability formulations whose tenets and assumptions remain basically unquestioned in organizational and accounting literature. This paper critiques the underpinnings of rational accountability formulations and their appropriateness for human service delivery organizations. In turn, a non-rational metaphor of the role of management accounting information is proposed which recognizes uncertainty for what it is rather than assuming the very certainties that cannot be found in the delivery of human services.

Accounting↗
PubMed1984

Rickets in adolescence.

The radiological diagnosis of rickets is mainly based on the widened appearance of actively developing epiphyseal growth plates. In the adolescent with rickets the secondary iliac and ischial ossification centres may be abnormally wide when most other epiphyses have fused. The appearance of the iliac crest is of use both in helping to make the diagnosis and in monitoring the results of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ampicillin combined with sulbactam or metronidazole for single-dose chemoprophylaxis in major gynaecological surgery.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial involving a total of 295 patients was carried out to define the role of chemoprophylaxis in major gynaecological surgery in our hospital. Perioperative administration of a single dose of ampicillin (500 mg) plus sulbactam (500 mg) (regimen A), or ampicillin (500 mg) plus metronidazole (1 g suppository) (regimen B), gave similar results. After abdominal hysterectomy, the rates of post-operative wound infection and febrile morbidity were significantly reduced from 24% (12/49) and 20% (10/49) in the placebo group to 3-4% (A = 2/51, B = 3/58) and 2% (A = 1/51, B = 1/58) respectively. After vaginal hysterectomy, pelvic/vaginal infection or febrile morbidity was found in 30% (3/10) of patients in the placebo group but none in either treatment group (A = 10, B = 8). After other types of operation, the rates of infectious complications were reduced, but not statistically significantly, from 11% (4/38) to 4% (A + B 2/71). However, the rates of post-operative urinary tract infection remained similar in the placebo and treatment groups (12-16%).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatogram in cholestasis.

Endoscopic retrograde pancreatograms have been examined in patients presenting with cholestasis caused by either primary sclerosing cholangitis (13 subjects), or high cholangiocarcinomata (15 subjects), and in normal individuals (13 subjects). Pancreatograms were reported by two independent observers who had no knowledge of the diagnosis in any case and abnormalities were graded using a conventional scoring system. Pancreatograms were abnormal in 77% of cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis and in 60% of cholangiocarcinoma patients. These abnormalities usually consisted of side branch irregularities, although in five patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and in two with cholangiocarcinoma, the main pancreatic duct was also markedly irregular.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1983

Necrotic carcinoma of the colon.

The radiological appearances of necrotic colonic neoplasms have been described previously and their bad prognosis has been stressed. Four cases of carcinoma of the colon which exhibited characteristic radiological features are described. Survival following surgery in these cases was extremely variable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Themes on circulation in the third world.

"This article focuses upon circulation, or reciprocal flows of people, with specific reference to Third World societies." Aspects considered include attempts to standardize terminology and to formulate typologies of population movement; the development of explanatory models of circulation and modernization, social networks, family welfare, and capitalism; and "the transfer of methods and concepts to societies and populations different from those from which they initially evolved and in which they were first tested."

Demography↗
PubMed1982

Immediate antecedents of caretaker's methods of discipline.

The interactions of children's behaviors and caretakers' disciplinary practices were studied. Mothers of one- to two-year-old children were trained to report parent-child interactions involving negative emotions. Mothers' observations thus provided data on sequences of child behaviors and parental discipline methods in affective encounters. Mothers' most frequent initial responses to children's misbehaviors were verbal prohibitions. Discipline methods less commonly used were explanations, restraint, instruction, physical punishment, and love withdrawal. Mothers made greater use of this range of control methods following children's noncompliance to discipline. Types of discipline were used differentially following noncompliance, depending upon the form of misbehavior. Children's harms against persons were associated with psychological discipline methods, such as reasoning and dramatization of distress. Destruction or property and lapses in self-control in children were associated with parental power assertive techniques, such as physical punishment and love withdrawal. These associations between child behaviors and parental discipline methods illustrate the interactive roles of child and parent in mediating parental attempts to control, teach, and punish their children.

Child Behavior↗