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Biomedical subjects

M Champion

Publications and source records attributed to M Champion.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Spontaneous rupture of the rectum. Contribution of CT scan. Apropos of a case].

We report a case of spontaneous rupture of the rectosigmoid junction demonstrated by surgical and histological examination. This rare complication of chronic constipation is difficult to confirm except in the case of the typical clinical presentation with lower abdominal pain after defaecation and evisceration of small intestine loops through the anus. No radiological procedure is usually performed except for plain abdominal radiograph, to demonstrate inconstant (retro)peritoneal emphysema. CT scan could detect free air outside of the rectosigmoid lumen, suggesting parietal rupture and allowing appropriate surgical treatment on the lower digestive tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Gallbladder duplication. Apropos of a case of echographic finding].

Duplication of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly, which must be depicted by sonography, although false positive and negative diagnosis could still be made. Usually abdominal sonography allows duplication diagnosis as reported in our case and a cholecystography may be performed to determine the type of the anomaly. When a surgical procedure needs to be performed, especially in case of coelioscopic technique, surgeon needs to know the exact anatomic type of the anomaly and the number of gallbladders he will find.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Intrarenal migration of two fractured struts of a vena cava filter].

Filter complications are quite common. The most frequent are distal or proximal migration, angulation, vena cava thrombosis or perforation. We report one case of filter struts fracture and their migration in the right kidney. This complication could require a surgical procedure and demonstrates the importance of filter follow-up with regular abdominal plain X-rays and possibly CT scan and/or cavography.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis. Apropos of a case].

Extramedullary haematopoiesis is a compensatory response of bone marrow to abnormal haematopoietic tissue formation: the commonest etiology is thalassemia (generally intermedia). The thorax is a rare site and the posterior mediastinum is usually involved. CT scan completes standard chest radiology and allows fine needle aspiration to provide adequate cytologic material for the diagnosis of extramedullary haematopoiesis, especially when an intercurrent pathology is present and could involve paravertebral areas. Thoracotomy may be necessary in rare cases of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Amyloidosis in Hodgkin's disease: a Scottish survey.

Hodgkin's disease is a rare cause of secondary amyloidosis. In Scotland in the period 1961 to 1974 four patients in whom these 2 conditions were associated have been identified. In one of these the presence of amyloidosis was an unexpected finding at a staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease. The clinical and pathological features are summarised. The development of amyloid disease is usually suspected by the finding of proteinuria, which is rarely present in uncomplicated Hodgkin's disease. A distinction is made between a nephrotic syndrome due to glomerulopathy, which is an early complication of Hodgkin's disease and improves with treatment of the primary condition, and the nephrotic syndrome due to amyloidosis which occurs late in the course of the illness and is irreversible and rapidly progressive.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nucleotide sequence relationships between the genomes of an endogenous and an exogenous avian tumor virus.

We have used mapping of large T1 oligonucleotides to examine the genome of Rous-associated virus-O (RAV-O), an endogenous virus of chickens, and to compare it with that of Prague strain Rous sarcoma virus, subgroup B, (Pr-RSV-B), an exogenous sarcoma virus. To extend the sensitivity of such comparisons, we have developed a system of nucleic acid hybridization and hybridization-competition combined with fingerprinting. This method allows us to estimate the relative degree of relatedness of various portions of the viral genomes. From the results of this study, we have concluded that the genomes of Pr-RSV-B and RAV-O are related in the following way. The 5'-terminal half of the genomes (corresponding to the gag and pol regions) is virtually identical, with only scattered single nucleotide differences. This region is followed by a region comprising 25 to 30% of the genome (the env region) which contains substantial nucleotide sequence differences, most or all of which are due to single base changes. The env-coding region can be further subdivided into three regions: a more variable region probably containing sequences coding for subgroup specificity, flanked by relatively common sequences on each side. To the 3' side of the env region, the RAV-O genome contains a very short sequence not found in Pr-RSV-B, whereas the Pr-RSV-B genome contains a much longer unrelated sequence. The central portion of this sequence comprises the src gene as defined by transformation-defective mutants. Particularly striking is the absence, in the RAV-O genome, of any nucleotide sequence related to the "c region" found very near the 3' end of all exogenous tumor viruses. Both the Pr-RSV-B and RAV-O genomes contain the identical terminally redundant sequence of 21 nucleotides near each end of the genome.

Avian Leukosis Virus↗
PubMed1977

Number of glomeruli in normal and hypertrophied kidneys of mice and guinea-pigs.

1. In mice and guinea-pigs, the number of glomeruli was counted in kidneys during normal growth and in hypertrophy induced by unilateral nephrectomy. 2. In mice, the number of glomeruli increased sharply during the first 2 weeks in life, and more slowly afterwards. Unilateral nephrectomy, when performed during this period of natural increase, induced the formation of supplementary nephrons in the contralateral kidney. 3. In guinea-pigs, the number of glomeruli was almost complete at birth. No evidence of a supplementary increase in the number of nephrons was found in hypertrophied kidneys following unilateral nephrectomy. 4. These results, together wit previous data obtained in the rat, suggest that the ability to induce new nephrons after unilateral nephrectomy in different species would depend more on the state of kidney maturity at birth than on differences in the renal mechanisms which lead to hypertrophy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Nephron filtration rate in conscious rats recovering from anesthesia.

Single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) of superficial (S) and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons was measured in conscious rats with a [14C]ferrocyanide infusion technique. Experiments were carried out in nondiuretic (ND), salt-loaded (SL), and hemorrhagic hypotensive (HH) rats. Mean SNGFR values of S and JM nephrons were 48.7 +/- 4.5 SE and 61.7 +/- 4.2 in ND, 73.6 +/- 8.7 and 87.5 +/- 10.8 in SL, and 29.9 +/- 5.9 and 36.4 +/- 7.1 in HH rats. These values are higher than the values reported in anesthetized rats. The S-to-JM SNGFR ratio was not significantly different in the three experimental conditions (ND, 0.788 +/- 0.032; SL, 0.843 +/- 0.018; and HH, 0.824 +/- 0.030), and did not differ from the values reported in anesthetized rats in similar experimental conditions. It is concluded that anesthesia exerts a depressive effect on GFR, but does not modify intrarenal SNGFR distribution. Neither saline loading nor hemorrhagic hypotension induces SNGFR intrarenal redistribution in conscious rats.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

Pulmonary oedema during treatment of acute water intoxication.

Acute water intoxication with deepening coma and uncontrolled epileptiform seizures in a 25-year-old previously fit male schizophrenic was treated with hypertonic (2 N) saline and a 20% mannitol solution. This improved his neurological state but precipitated severe pulmonary oedema. Intravenous frusemide increased his urinary output sufficiently to clear the pulmonary oedema. In acute water intoxication the use of hypertonic solutions may thus precipitate left heart failure by expanding the intra-pulmonary blood volume beyond the capacity of even a healthy left ventricle to compensate. Simple water restriction will produce a slower but perhaps safer improvement.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human health concerns from pet ownership after a tornado.

INTRODUCTION: Although 50% to 60% of North American households own pets and many of these pets are considered family members, there is little information on the impact of pet ownership on pet-owning families affected by disasters. METHODS: This case report describes some of the effects of a tornado on 17 families whose dwellings were destroyed. The setting was a typical urban trailer park. RESULTS: After a tornado at the Sagamore Village Trailer Park in north central Indiana, 104 families were evacuated. Seventeen (16.3%) of these families owned pets. For 14 families (13.5%), pet ownership had an important impact on the families' recovery from the tornado. Public- and mental-health concerns that arose from pet ownership included failure to evacuate a dangerous site, attempts to re-enter a dangerous site, separation anxiety leading to psychosomatic disturbances, and the need for additional animal care. CONCLUSIONS: In urban disasters, the behaviors of families with a human-animal bond are likely to pose a significant risk to their own and others' health and safety in urban disasters. In this small study of families affected by a tornado, the most prominent public-health concerns were failure to evacuate because of a pet and attempts of re-entry to save a pet; the most common mental-health concerns resulted from separation anxiety from a pet and refusal to accept medical treatment until a pet's well-being can be assured. These are thought to be typical issues that will arise out of the human-animal bond in urban disaster situations and differ considerably from traditional public-health concerns over dog bites, spread of zoonotic diseases, and human food contamination. Medical disaster preparedness planning should consider the substantial effects that the human-animal bond is likely to have on human recovery from large-scale urban disasters.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dressing wounds.

This article describes the choice and method of application of wound dressing in a variety of situations. The types of wounds covered include those in awkward areas, cavity wounds and fungating wounds. The problems of patients with allergies to wound dressings are also discussed.

Bandages↗