The presence of connections between periodontium and endodontium can lead to the diffusion of an infection from one apparatus to another. The involvement of both periodontium and endodontium is defined as Combined Periodontic-Endodontic lesions. This definition is not based on the initial etiology of the lesion and either the endodontic or periodontal lesion may be the cause or the result of the other or both may develop independently. The lesions must be correctly diagnosed for the best therapeutic approach. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and radiographic analysis; clinical signs must show the presence of periodontal probing and pulpal necrosis. Radiographic examination can confirm the involvement of both periodontium and endodontium only if the lesion is present on the mesial and distal part of the diseased tooth; in the case of a palatal/lingual or vestibular lesion such evidence will not be detectable. The therapeutic approach is always based on an initial endodontic treatment followed, if needed, by the proper periodontal treatment.

Dental Pulp Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy of chlorhexidine as a gel and as a mouthwash].

In a short-term longitudinal study the authors intended to compare the effectiveness in controlling plaque formation and gingival inflammation of a 1% chlorhexidine gel to the one of a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution. The gel, used once a day, resulted as good as the chlorhexidine solution, but showed a localized activity.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of the interproximal brush].

Interdental brushes are often recommended for interdental cleaning in people with destruction of periodontal tissue and open interproximal spaces. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how frequently interdental brush can reach the interdental spaces in individuals with and without papilla destruction. An outstanding percentage of brush-penetration trough interproximal spaces has been observed in patients with no gingival recession and no loss of attachment.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relation between Bleeding Time Index values and the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in washings of periodontal pockets].

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Adult↗