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Biomedical subjects

M Castro

Publications and source records attributed to M Castro.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Xipamide ('Diurexan') in essential hypertension: a 24-month study.

Twenty-two patients with essential hypertension received xipamide as monotherapy for a continuous period of 2 years. At an average single daily dose of 23 mg, the patients showed a mean reduction in standing systolic pressure of 17%, and diastolic of 15% at the end of the study period. Serum potassium levels always remained within the normal range (without potassium supplements), and serum uric acid levels were only slightly above normal, even at the end of the 2-year trial period. Blood sugar levels in 8 patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus were increased by 30% at the end of the first year of xipamide therapy, but remained stable at this level during the remaining 12 months. Adverse effects were mild and did not require the cessation of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Mathematical model of the time-course of essential hypertension blood pressure changes during chronic xipamide treatment.

The hypotensive effect of xipamide administered at a mean maintenance daily dose of 23.6 mg was studied in 25 essential hypertensive patients during 48 weeks. The mean changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the erect and supine positions from the first week after the onset of treatment onwards were accounted for by monotonically decreasing exponential functions. The hypotensive effect of xipamide achieved clinically satisfactory mean levels within the first week of treatment. The rate of reduction of blood pressure after the first week of treatment with xipamide depended on the inverse of a time-constant, and on the difference between the pre-treatment and the final blood pressure values. In other words, the blood pressure in patients with severe hypertension reached optimal levels more quickly than in patients with moderate and mild hypertension. No statistically significant differences were found between the slopes of the blood pressure changes with time in either body position, and long-term treatment with xipamide did not lead to orthostatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computerized body tomography in breast cancer. I. Internal mammary nodes and radiation treatment planning.

The internal mammary area has been reviewed on CBT scans from 46 postmastectomy patients, and chest wall thicknesses computed there from the scan. Thicknesses ranged from 10 to 43 mm and 16 to 70 mm on the operated and nonoperated sides, and were weight-related in 38 modified mastectomy patients. Direct Cobalt and 15 MeV electron portals delivered 97-98% of the dose prescribed at 3 cm to a depth of 35 mm, the maximum average thickness on the operated side, while 12 and 10 MeV electrons gave 10 and 20% less at that depth. At 70 mm, underdosage with Cobalt and 15 MeV was 22% and 72%; insignificant doses were delivered with 10 and 12 MeV electrons. Routine determination of chest wall thickness is recommended in patients planned for electron beam treatment, in obese patients, and in patients treated with tangential photon techniques, to avoid underdosage to the internal mammary area. Internal mammary nodes were not routinely visualized, but abnormalities consistent with enlarged nodes were seen in six patients and gross recurrence in another.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary microadenoma: diagnostic studies.

Forty-one women with oligo-menorrhoea and/or galactorrhoea were subjected to hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid testing in an attempt to establish the presence or absence of an underlying pituitary microadenoma. They were divided into two groups in accordance with the serum level of prolactin (PRL): Group I (N = 25, mean +/- SE 17.6 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) and Group II (N = 16, 102.8 +/- 29.7 ng/ml). The dynamic tests performed were a TRH test, a stimulation test with metoclopramide (MCP) and a suppression test with bromocriptine. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained in nine normal women and eleven patients with surgically proved pituitary microadenoma. Radiologically abnormal pituitary fossas were found in ten subjects from Group I and in fourteen from Group II. All patients were euthyroid. A persistently elevated serum TSH in response to TRH was observed in patients of Group II suggesting an hypothalamic abnormality and a progressive decrease in the 120-min use of serum T3 was noted with increasing evidence of the existence of a pituitary tumour. A negative correlation was found between the basal serum PRL and the rise of serum PRL with TRH. Patients from Group II showed a lower PRL response to MCP when compared to Group I and again a negative correlation between basal level of serum PRL and the change after MCP was observed. No clear difference in the 4-h response to bromocriptine was found between the different groups of subjects. In conclusion, none of the three tests analysed permitted us to establish which of the patients had an underlying pituitary microadenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Occlusive arterial disease of the child and young adult. Clinical electroencephalographical analysis of 26 cases.

26 patients suffering from acute arterial disease, predominant in childhood and young adults, have been studied. Convulsive symptom and electroencephalographic (EEG) findings are especially analyzed. The series are grouped following the Hilal classification, based on angiographical aspects. The incidence and etiological facts as well as the clinical and the angiographical findings, are summarized. The EEG analysis shows the high incidence of localized or lateralized abnormalities (23 out of 26), closely related with the clinical signs. However, there is no close relationship between these findings and the conscious state of the stage of the disease. An attempt is made to correlate the added diffuse and/or paroxysmal activities with the brain damage suspected by the angiographical signs. Seizures are present in 10 cases, 9 of them as initial symptoms predominantly of the focal type. There seems to be no relationship between the incidence and type of fits and the angiographical findings. Follow-up study shows that seizures do not modify the immediate course of the disease nor the persistence of this sequela in 9 of the controlled patients. The histopathological findings of cerebral vessel involvement are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The empty sella syndrome analysis of 10 cases.

Ten cases of the empty sella syndrome are presented. In four a pituitary adenoma had been treated by surgery with or without radiotherapy. In three women there was a close relation pregnancy, and two boys had congenital malformations. Five cases presented with appearances of pseudotomour, and the remainder had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. Four fistulas were spontaneous, one was post-traumatic aggravated by the intrasellar implantation of YT-90. Two were occult CSF fistulas causing recurrent meningitis. Gamma cisternography and iodocisternography proved to be good diagnostic tests, both for the empty sella and for CSF fistulas. Nine cases were operated on. In four na intrasellar cyst was present. In the other five an empty sella with deficient or absent diaphragm was found. Treatment of most cases consisted of covering the floor of the sella with lyophilized dura, which was fixed in place with biological glue.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

[Cervical ribs. Therapeutic deliberations apropos of 10 cases].

The authors report ten cases of cervical ribs operated upon in 7 patients. The predominantly neurological symptoms and signs were associated with vascular problems in 3 cases, with intermittent compression of the sub-clavian vessels. Treatment consisted of resection of the cervical rib and the first rib via an extra-pleural axillary approach using the technique described by Roos. It gave 10 good results with a follow-up of 6 months to 3 years. The authors emphasise the fact that this pathology falls within the context of compressive syndromes of the root of the upper limb or thoracic outlet syndrome. Such a conception justifies associated resection of the first rib which should give better long term results than simple resection of the extra rib.

Adolescent↗