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Biomedical subjects

M Castillo

Publications and source records attributed to M Castillo.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Imaging of nasopharyngeal atresia.

CT and MR revealed a case of nasopharyngeal atresia, a malformation in which the soft palate is not formed, and the hard palate extends posteriorly to fuse with the anterior surface of the clivus, resulting in complete isolation of the nasal and oral cavities and the absence of a nasopharynx. We believe this rare anomaly results from abnormal persistence of the embryologic bucconasal plate and/or anomalous migration of the nasoseptal elements.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Imaging in acute basilar artery thrombosis.

The aim of this study was to review the imaging features in acute (< 24 h) basilar artery thrombosis. CT and MR studies in 11 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute basilar artery thrombosis were retrospectively reviewed. MR angiography was obtained in 4 patients. Correlation with clinical symptoms was performed. Multiple cranial nerve palsies and hemiparesis were the most common clinical symptoms at presentation. CT revealed hyperdense basilar arteries (n = 7) and hypodensities in the posterior circulation territory (n = 8). In one instance, the infarction was hemorrhagic. MR imaging showed absence of flow void within the basilar in 6 patients and MRA (using both PC and TOF techniques) confirmed absence of blood flow in 4 basilar arteries. One week after presentation, 5 patients died. Autopsy was obtained in 1 case and confirmed the diagnosis of basilar artery thrombosis. Basilar artery thrombosis has fairly typical imaging features by both CT and MR. MRA may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Prompt recognition may lead to early thrombolytic treatment and may improve survival.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

CT angiography of the common carotid artery bifurcation: comparison between two techniques and conventional angiography.

We prospectively compared CT angiography (CTA) of the common carotid artery bifurcation using two different techniques with conventional angiography in patients with suspected stenoses of the internal carotid arteries in 20 symptomatic patients. Ten patients (Group 1) received 60 cc of contrast (medium 2 cc/sec) and CTA was acquired using 5 mm slices, reconstructed at 3 mm slice thickness. Ten patients (Group 2) received 90 cc of contrast (medium 3 cc/sec) and CTA was acquired using 3 mm slices reconstructed at 1 mm slice thickness. All CTA studies were postprocessed using maximum intensity projection algorithm. Stenoses were graded prospectively from CT angiograms and compared with selective conventional catheter angiograms. In Group 1, CTA overestimated the degree of narrowing in 9 of 10 stenoses proven by conventional angiograms. We interpreted 2 nearly occluded internal carotid arteries, 2 with moderate and marked stenoses, and 2 with no narrowings, but fibromuscular dysplasia on conventional angiograms as occluded on CTA, and 3 vessels as showing marked stenoses, not confirmed by angiography. CTA clearly depicted 1 mild stenosis, 4 normal bifurcations, and 6 occluded internal carotid arteries. In Group 2, CTA overestimated two stenoses; a correct diagnosis was made in 7 normal bifurcations, 3 mild, 2 moderate and 2 severe stenoses, 2 near occlusions, and 2 occlusions. Ulcerations were missed by CTA regardless of the technique utilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Imaging and differential diagnosis of the large eye.

The initial step in the differential diagnosis of an enlarged eye is to determine whether an intraocular mass is present. The globe may be expanded by a mass, seen mainly in children with retinoblastoma. Buphthalmos with or without neurofibromatosis also enlarges the eye. Diffuse enlargement may be associated with a connective tissue disorder or be related to axial myopia. Focal enlargement represents staphyloma, which can be unilateral or bilateral. In the presence of one small eye, the normal-sized eye may be incorrectly diagnosed as large.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

Congenital abnormalities of the nose: CT and MR findings.

Congenital abnormalities of the nose can occur with or without respiratory obstruction. Nasal obstruction generally is detected in the neonatal period, and the examination of choice is CT. The results of CT will determine not only the cause of obstruction but also the surgical approach. Congenital anomalies of the nose with no respiratory obstruction generally appear later in life and have characteristic morphologic features. True midfacial clefting is a complex syndrome that is accompanied by intracranial abnormalities. In these patients, evaluation of the face might require both CT and MR imaging, but the brain is better examined with MR imaging. Abnormalities involving the prenasal space usually manifest as masses in the nose. All congenital abnormalities of the nose are due to discrete faults in the embryologic development of the face.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

[Computer assisted codification of diagnosis. Experience in a neurology/neurosurgery service].

The aim of this report is to show a dBase III+based program designed to assign the International Classification of Diseases codes to medical diagnoses. The principal features, advantages and limitations diagnoses. The principal features, advantages and limitations of the program are depicted and its yield with different users in a Neurology and Neurosurgery department is analyzed. It is concluded that this is a user friendly software with minimal hardware requirements that can be used in any clinical setting.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1994

Congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis.

A 3-1/2-month-old girl presented with respiratory difficulty secondary to nasal obstruction. CT demonstrated stenosis of the nasal piriform aperture. The presentation of this entity is similar to that of posterior choanal atresia.

Choanal Atresia↗
PubMed1994

MR of cis-platinum-induced optic neuritis.

Right-sided blindness developed in a patient after three intraarterial treatments with cis-platinum for a right temporal glioblastoma multiforme. MR showed an enlarged and enhancing optic chiasm. Because of the history of remote radiation therapy and the fact that the tumor was located distal to the optic chiasm, we postulate that the clinical and imaging findings were related to the chemotoxicity.

Blindness↗
PubMed1994

Contrast enhancement in primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord.

The patterns of contrast enhancement by CT and MR imaging for most intramedullary primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord are discussed. Contrast administration allows for the separation of tumor from normal neighboring tissues in most cases. Although most of the published data refer to contrast-enhanced CT scanning, gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging has become the modality of choice in the evaluation of primary central nervous system tumors.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Brain infections in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients.

This review discusses the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of direct human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) brain infection as well as other common opportunistic infections and neoplasms in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population. MRI utilizing T2-weighted images is an ideal method for screening. Gadolinium (Gd) should be administered to further characterize positive or questionable studies or when meningeal disease is suspected.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Magnetic resonance imaging of meningitis and its complications.

Routine and aggressive use of antibiotics in patients with meningitis has considerably lessened the number of complications. However, when they do occur, these complications may be accompanied with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Often radiologists are the first to identify these complications. Although the initial diagnosis and follow-up of uncomplicated meningitis is a clinical one, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the ideal method to evaluate those patients in whom complications are suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Direct determination of ibuprofen and ibuprofen acyl glucuronide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction.

A method for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and its labile, reactive metabolite, ibuprofen acyl glucuronide, in plasma is described. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employed a C18 column using methanol-10 mM trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase with ultraviolet detection at 225 or 214 nm. It is essential that blood is handled rapidly and plasma is acidified upon collection prior to freezing. Plasma samples first are deproteinated with acetonitrile, the supernatant is diluted with phosphate buffer, and ibuprofen, ibuprofen glucuronide, and ibufenac (internal standard) are initially isolated by solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges. Upon elution, the residue is evaporated, dissolved and injected onto the HPLC system. Recovery is 94 +/- 8 and 70 +/- 9% for ibuprofen glucuronide and ibuprofen, respectively. The measurable concentration range is linear from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml for ibuprofen glucuronide and from 0.5 to 100 micrograms/ml for ibuprofen. The method is satisfactory for the analysis of ibuprofen and ibuprofen glucuronide from pharmacokinetic studies in humans. The direct determination of ibuprofen glucuronide allows accurate measurement of this conjugate at low levels relative to the parent compound, ibuprofen, a distinct advantage compared to previously employed indirect methods.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Caudal duplication syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical and roentgenographic features of caudal duplication syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the medical records and all available imaging studies. SETTING: Two university-affiliated teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Six children with multiple anomalies and duplications of distal organs derived from the hindgut, neural tube, and adjacent mesoderm. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: Spinal anomalies (myelomeningocele in two patients, sacral duplication in three, diplomyelia in two, and hemivertebrae in one) were present in all our patients. Duplications or anomalies of the external genitalia and/or the lower urinary and reproductive structures were also seen in all our patients. Ventral herniation (in one patient), intestinal obstructions (in one patient), and bowel duplications (in two patients) were the most common gastrointestinal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the above constellation of abnormalities resulted from an insult to the caudal cell mass and hindgut at approximately the 23rd through the 25th day of gestation. We propose the term caudal duplication syndrome to describe the association between gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and distal neural tube malformations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Effect of lipid content of diet on cholesterol content and cholesterogenic enzymes of European eel liver.

The effect of dietary lipid levels on the levels of cholesterol and the activities of the major cholesterogenic enzymes of the liver has been studied in the European eel. An increase in hepatic total cholesterol was observed when the dietary lipid levels increased from 12 to 20%, while protein levels were maintained at 30%. This change paralleled an increase in mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase activity, while 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mevalonate kinase and mevalonate 5-phosphate kinase were not affected by changes in diet composition. These results suggest that the decarboxylase may be a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterogenesis in eel liver.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1993

Effect of dietary coconut oil on lipoprotein composition of young chick (Gallus domesticus).

1. The composition of HDL, the major lipoprotein fraction from chick serum, drastically changed after 2 weeks of coconut oil feeding. Total cholesterol and triacylglycerols significantly increased following dietary 10 or 20% coconut oil supplementation. 2. Changes in LDL composition were less profound, cholesterol being the only component that increased by coconut oil supplementation (10 or 20%). 3. IDL proteins were the only components that increased following the same dietary treatment (20%). 4. VLDL cholesterol and proteins also increased after 1-2 weeks of 20% coconut oil supplementation to the diet. 5. Of total lipoproteins, the cholesterol content strongly increased after dietary treatment, while triacylglycerols did not change significantly.

Animals↗