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Biomedical subjects

M Caselli

Publications and source records attributed to M Caselli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Natural history of the rearfoot angle: preliminary values in 150 children.

The degree of valgus in the heel during weightbearing (the rearfoot angle) is commonly used as an angular criterion in the evaluation and treatment of flatfoot in children and adults. The rearfoot angle has been frequently reported to reduce with age to a vertical heel position attained at approximately 7 years old. The present study evaluated the rearfoot angle in 150 healthy children (age range, 6-16 years). The average rearfoot angle for all children in this study was 4 degrees of valgus (SD, 1.1 degrees; range, 0 degree - 9 degrees of valgus). There was no significant difference in the rearfoot angle in children of different ages. The rearfoot angle did not reduce to the vertical heel position by age 7 as had been reported previously.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of a new ultrashort triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori disease.

BACKGROUND: 1-week proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies are considered the most effective and convenient drug combinations for curing Helicobacter pylori infection. Short therapies, lasting less than 1 week have been investigated rarely. AIM: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of a 3-day lansoprazole triple therapy after 1 day of lansoprazole pre-treatment. METHODS: Seventy H. pylori-positive (rapid urease test and histology) patients received LAzT3 regimen (lanzoprazole 30 mg b.d. and azithromycin 500 mg o.m. for 3 days; tinidazole 2000 mg o.m. on day 1 and 1000 mg o.m. on days 2-3) after 1 day of lansoprazole pretreatment. Patients with active ulcer received lansoprazole 30 mg o.m. for an additional 4 weeks. Follow-up gastroscopy was carried out 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Eradication was defined as negative histology and rapid urease test. RESULTS: Four patients failed to attend the follow-up endoscopy. One patient complained of minor side-effects. H. pylori was eradicated in 57 of 66 patients suitable for evaluation, with a per-protocol cure rate of 86.3% (95%CI: 76-94%), and an intention-to-treat cure rate of 81.4% (95%CI: 70-90%). CONCLUSIONS: This new ultrashort triple therapy including lansoprazole, azithromycin and tinidazole seems to be effective in eradicating H. pylori. It is safe and well-tolerated, and may be taken into consideration as a valid alternative to the better known and widely used 1-week proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1998

Histologic findings and Helicobacter pylori in duodenal biopsies.

We have studied the morphologic aspects of the duodenal bulb in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection in a large group of patients with endoscopically assessed duodenitis to learn more about the pathogenesis of nonspecific duodenitis (bulbitis) and to clarify the specific role of H. pylori. Eight duodenal biopsy specimens in the four quadrants of the first part of the bulb and four gastric antral biopsy specimens were taken in 208 patients. Specimens were fixed in formalin, or in glutaraldehyde, then slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian-Giemsa, and with toluidine blue for semithin sections. Duodenal histology revealed inflammation in 155 (74.5%) and H. pylori-like bacterial bodies in 153 (73.5%) of the patients; H. pylori infection in the gastric antrum was diagnosed in 173 (83.1%) of the patients. Distinguishing histologic aspects appeared to be related to the presence of H. pylori infection. We believe that the present histologic grading of duodenitis correlates better with the natural history of H. pylori infection in the duodenal bulb, and better fits the requirements of a modern classification than the classification commonly used in duodenitis. We conclude that the term H. pylori-linked bulbitis should be adopted as the proper term to identify the particular kind of duodenitis predisposing to peptic ulcer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A four-day low dose triple therapy regimen for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

OBJECTIVE: The current guidelines recommend 1-wk triple therapy regimens for eradicating H. pylori infection. Until now, shorter regimens have scarcely been investigated. Azithromycin is a new generation macrolide antibiotic with unusual and favorable pharmacokinetics, and seems to be a very promising agent for innovative anti-H. pylori regimens. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of a new 4-day low dose triple therapy in comparison with a well established 1-wk triple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: One hundred-sixty consecutive patients with biopsy-proven H. pylori infection were randomized to receive lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d. on days 1-4, azithromycin 500 mg u.i.d. on days 2-4, and tinidazole 2000 mg u.i.d. on day 3 (LAT group), or 7 days of triple therapy of omeprazole 20 mg u.i.d., clarithromycin 250 mg b.i.d., and tinidazole 500 mg b.i.d. (OCT group). Patients with gastric or duodenal active ulcer received proton pump inhibitors for an additional 4 wk. H. pylori eradication was defined as negative of both rapid urease test and histology on biopsies taken from the gastric body and antrum at least 1 month after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Seven patients in the LAT group and four in the OCT group were lost to follow-up. No significant difference in either efficacy or tolerability was observed between the two regimens. Active ulcers healed in 97.8% of cases with LAT and in 100% of cases with OCT. The eradication rate was 80.8% in the LAT group and 85.5% in the OCT group, considering the per-protocol results, and 73.3% and 81.2%, respectively, considering the intention-to-treat results. Side effects occurred in one LAzT patient and in two OCT patients; they were mild and did not interfere with compliance. CONCLUSION: The new proposed ultrashort triple therapy, including lansoprazole, low dose azithromycin for 3 days, and a single dose of tinidazole, appears to be a very effective anti-H. pylori regimen, a simpler, cheaper, well-tolerated, and equally effective alternative to 1-wk triple therapy.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1998

Usefulness of brushing urease test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastric brushing cytology is an accurate technique for rapidly detecting Helicobacter pylori infection, but it is not routinely employed since the presence of personnel experienced in this field, is necessary in the endoscopy suite. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of rapid urease test carried out on cytological brushing. PATIENTS: A total of 143 consecutive patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori infection, referred for elective gastroscopy. METHODS: For each patient, 2 brushings were carried out and 4 biopsies were taken from antral mucosa during gastroscopy. The former brushing was smeared on a slide, and stained by a rapid staining set for blood smears. The latter was used for rapid urease test, by shaking the brush into the urea broth. Two biopsies were used for rapid urease test and two for histologic examination. Histology was considered as the gold standard. RESULTS: Of 143 patients, 73 were diagnosed as Helicobacter pylori infected using histology. Six brushing slides were inadequate due to insufficient cytology material. Biopsy-rapid urease test and brushing-rapid urease test had similar sensitivity (87.3% vs 83.5%), specificity (98.4% vs 96.8%) and overall accuracy (92.3% vs 89.5%). In 62 Helicobacter pylori infected patients, both rapid urease test techniques were positive. Brushing-rapid urease test became positive in a significantly shorter time than biopsy-rapid urease test (22 +/- 54 minutes vs 39 +/- 63 minutes; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Brushing-rapid urease test is as accurate as biopsy-rapid urease test in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection, but it is significantly faster. Special care should be taken to carry out brushing adequately, to minimize the occurrence of false negatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Touch cytology. A reliable and cost-effective method for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

A variety of reliable methods are available for detecting Helicobacter pylori (Hp) during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We evaluated the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of rapid urease test (RUT), touch cytology (TC), and histology (H). Two hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients (178 without previous medical treatment and 60 formerly treated with anti-Hp therapy) were tested for Hp infection by RUT, TC, and H (H&E stain). The infection status for each patient was established by a concordance of two test results. The time to carry out the three tests and their cost were also calculated. Sensitivity of TC (100%) was significantly higher than that of RUT (86.8%; P < 0.001), but not than that of H (94.9%). RUT was significantly more specific than H (100% vs 95.6%; P < 0.05), but not than TC (96.4%). Hp infection was more frequent in the patients with chronic active gastritis than in those with chronic nonactive gastritis (P < 0.001). No Hp infection was detected in absence of chronic antral inflammation. RUT resulted the cheapest method and H the most expensive; TC is faster and cheaper than H. When additional information about the severity of mucosal damage or the presence of cell atypias is not necessary, histologic examination can be omitted, and a cost-effective strategy for assessing Hp status might consist in taking two antral biopsies, the former for performing RUT and the latter for preparing a slide by TC, which should be stained and examined only when the RUT result is negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Short-term low-dose triple therapy with azithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole appears highly effective for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND: Although the OCN (omeprazole, clarithromycin and nitroimidazoles) short-term low-dose regimens are regarded as 'the standard' in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, azithromycin is a new-generation, acid-stable macrolide which may prove particularly useful for a new short-term low-dose triple therapy regimen. OBJECTIVE: To further improve OCN eradication treatments by reducing both the number of pills and the total cost. METHODS: A new short-term low-dose triple therapy (LAM) using lansoprazole 30 mg once a day for 1 week, azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 3 days, and metronidazole 250 mg twice a day for the same 3 days, was administrated to 60 patients presenting with H. pylori-positive gastritis with or without peptic ulcer, and compared with the classic 'Bazzoli regimen' (OCT: omeprazole, clarithromycin, tinidazole) in 60 matched patients. H. pylori infection before and after therapy was evaluated by a rapid urease test, conventional histology and toluidine-stained semi-thin sections. Three biopsies from the corpus and three from the antrum were taken during endoscopical examination before and 7-8 weeks after discontinuation of the treatment. Patient compliance, drug tolerance and drug costs were also taken into consideration. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was eradicated 7-8 weeks after treatment in 56 of the 60 patients in the LAM group (93.3%), and in 52 of the 57 patients in the OCT group who completed the treatment (91.2%), with no statistical difference. When gastric or duodenal ulceration was present, ulcer healing was observed in all cases. CONCLUSION: The new proposed short-term low-dose triple therapy (LAM) appears to be as effective as the OCT for the eradication of H. pylori infection. The new treatment, however, seems to have advantages in terms of drug tolerance, patient compliance and therapy cost.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1996

Cholesterol vesicles in areas of gastric metaplasia of gallbladder epithelium.

Gastric metaplasia is a frequent epithelial change in gallbladder of lithiasic patients. Particles consistent with cholesterol-containing vesicles were searched in areas overlying gastric metaplastic cells, in gastric metaplastic cells, in areas overlying normal-looking epithelial cells and in normal-looking epithelial cells in 25 patients with radiolucent calculi and 10 control patients undergoing cholecystectomy for other reasons. Important trends were found confirming the peculiar role of mucous layer adherent to metaplastic gallbladder epithelium in beginning the nucleation process and interesting pictures concerning the formation of uni- and multilamellar vesicles in these "nucleating areas" were seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic aspects of gastroduodenal mucosa due to NSAIDs.

The role of endoscopy in NSAID-related gastroduodenal pathologies is reviewed. If an accepted and largely used algorithm in which the role of endoscopy is exactly identified is not available, current strategy for the management of gastroduodenal toxicity gives indication for endoscopy immediately after the onset of symptoms, anaemia and evidence of bleeding, overt or occult. The endoscopic patterns of lesions in patients taking NSAID are characteristics patterns of erosive and ulcerative lesions. Endoscopy can recognize early lesions, allowing us to prevent a more advanced mucosal damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructural damage of gastric epithelium in patients taking NSAIDs.

As far as concerns ultrastructural lesions in the gastric epithelium following NSAIDs, a review has been made of existing data and ideas for future research concerning the ultrastructural field are advanced. Specific ultrastructural damage of the gastric epithelial cells has been recognized in patients taking NSAIDs: this pattern of damage appears characterized by a proliferative phenomen of "desquamation" of contiguous epithelial cells. Studies in animal models indicate that the first-level of epithelial damage involves a mitochondrial derangement and an alteration of tight junctions and cytoskeletal. The length of time of local drug action on the gastric mucosa could be the reason for the characteristic morphological presentation seen in vivo. If ulcers are the result of an imbalance between cell necrosis and cell regeneration, the high progression speed of cell necrosis to contiguous cells should play a basic role in the genesis of ulcers.

Animals↗