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Biomedical subjects

M Carbone

Publications and source records attributed to M Carbone.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Echographic study with high-frequency and high-spatial resolution transducer in the evaluation of renal transplant in pediatric age].

PURPOSE: We investigated the role of power Doppler US with a high-frequency and high-resolution transducer (13 MHz) in the visualization of interlobular arterioles in patients with normally functioning renal transplants or with chronic rejection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 15 patients (mean age 15 years; range 10-18 years) with a General Electric 500 MD unit using 7.5 and 13 MHz linear transducers. In all the patients serum creatinine and diuresis were evaluated; 4 patients underwent US-guided biopsy that resulted in the diagnosis of chronic rejection. RESULTS: Normally functioning renal transplants were found in 11 patients and chronic rejection was seen in 4. In normally functioning renal transplants, interlobular vessels could be depicted as "cortical blush" with the 7.5 MHz transducer; in the same patients power Doppler US with the 13 MHz transducer permitted a correct evaluation of interlobular vessels that were arranged in series like a palisade. In chronic rejection power Doppler US with the 13 MHz transducer better depicted cortical vascularity and showed irregular, narrow arteries. CONCLUSION: Power Doppler US with a 13 MHz transducer is particularly useful in children after renal transplants due to their reduced tissutal thickness. The lateral resolution of 13 MHz transducers (< 0.3 mm) allows to separate interlobular vessels from each other and the high frequency of the probe can depict interlobular vessels in the peripheral cortex. The optimal visualization of cortical vascularity with a 13 MHz transducer allows early detection of chronic rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simian virus 40: the link with human malignant mesothelioma is well established.

Mesotheliomas are malignancies of the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal surfaces with a mean survival of less than 1 year from the time of diagnosis (1). While mesotheliomas were extremely rare in the first half of this century, the incidence of these tumors has increased enormously in the last several decades. Presently, 2-3 thousand people in the US develop and die of mesothelioma each year (1). It is estimated that approximately 80% of mesotheliomas develop in people with a history of occupational asbestos exposure or in individuals with family member(s) professionally exposed to asbestos that brought home fibers on their clothing (1). Although conventional wisdom dictates that asbestos is the most commonly associated "environmental" factor with mesothelioma, asbestos does not transform human mesothelioma cells in tissue culture (2). This suggests that additional carcinogens act in concert with asbestos to cause mesothelioma. Recent evidence indicated that Simian Virus 40 (SV40) preferentially causes mesotheliomas in hamsters, and that SV40 is present in up to 80% of human mesotheliomas in the US and in Europe (reviewed in ref. 3 and 4).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The radiological diagnostic and clinical approach to the patient with stab and cut wounds of the chest. The authors' personal experience].

PURPOSE: To report our personal experience with the clinical and radiological diagnostic approach to stab and cut wounds of the thoracic cage and its content, a type of injury whose diagnosis and treatment, as well as the surgical approach, vary case by case. CT of deep penetrating wounds permits correct assessment of severe changes such as pneumothorax, hemothorax and pneumomediastinum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the last three years we examined 57 patients (48 men and 9 women; mean age 34 years, range 16-54): chest radiography was performed in 51 of them, with orthogonal projections in the standing and sitting positions. Chest CT was performed in emergency with i.v. contrast agent injection, with scans from the midneck to the diaphragm insertion to study border regions. Thoracostomy with pleural drainage was performed in 35 patients with pneumothorax and hemothorax while thoracotomy was performed in 8 patients, namely 4 with injury to the diaphragm, 2 to the heart, 1 with tear of the main bronchial artery and 1 of the aortic arch. RESULTS: The most frequent symptoms we found were chest pain (100% of cases) and dyspnea (84%); laboratory data showed anemia and decreased hematocrit levels in 28 cases. Chest radiography was negative in 14 cases. The patients were then examined with CT to exclude radiographic underestimation of minimal pneumothorax, small lacerocontusive or hemorrhagic foci and hemothorax, which were observed in 4, 2 and one cases, respectively, and where radiography was actually negative for traumatic changes. Chest radiography was positive in 43 cases: the most frequent finding was pneumothorax, with 37 cases (86%)--8 of them associated with hemothorax and 5 with pneumomediastinum. Lacero-hemorrhagic foci of lung parenchyma were found in 5 cases and single pulmonary hematoma from punch crossing was seen in 1 case. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: CT was an accurate tool and had higher sensitivity than chest radiography in detecting and detailing pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and lacero-hemorrhagic foci, as well as in quantifying hemothorax. Chest radiography had 12% false negatives and therefore we decided to perform CT in all the patients with penetrating wounds to prevent radiographic underestimation. Given the low rate of false negatives (7/57 cases) CT might appear superfluous but since in 2 of these 7 cases we had massive pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum associated with neck emphysema we suggest its use to prevent complications, clinical failures and medicolegal problems. CT permits correct assessment of penetrating stab and cut wounds of the chest and efficient and targeted treatment, which can be conservative, with thoracostomy with pleural drainage, or surgical.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mesothelial cyst of the diaphragm. Presentation of an unusual case].

The authors report a case of mesothelial cyst of the diaphragm in a boy 11 years old who was examined for pain in the right hypochondrium with exacerbation during respiratory movements. Ultrasonography and CT suggested the diagnosis. However the final diagnosis of mesothelial cyst of the diaphragm was possible only after laparotomy and histological examination. The topographical, clinical, radiological, therapeutic and histological aspects of primary cysts of the diaphragm are presented and a survey of the literature is made.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proliferative effect of dexamethasone on a human glioblastoma cell line (HU 197) is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors.

The relationship between Dexamethasone proliferative activity and the presence of glucocorticoid receptors was studied on a human glioblastoma cell line (HU 197). For this purpose, the 17 beta-Carboxamide steroid DXB, a glucocorticoid antagonist that competes with Dexamethasone for binding to the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor but does not trigger the glucocorticoid effect, was used. Concurrent treatments with Dexamethasone and DXB caused an inhibition of the proliferative effect obtained by Dexamethasone. The results obtained demonstrated that the Dexamethasone activity on cell proliferation is a specific receptor-mediated effect.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the efficacy of L-acetylcarnitine and tiapride combination in elderly patients with behavioral disorders].

The study assessed the efficacy of the association of L-AC and tiapride in the treatment of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms due to cerebral decay. The study included 60 subjects, aged 65-80, who were subdivided into treated and control groups. Inclusion criteria included no previous psychiatric history and no general illness. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the association of the two drugs studied.

Acetylcarnitine↗