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Biomedical subjects

M Campos

Publications and source records attributed to M Campos.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of RARE-MR urography in the assessment of ureterohydronephrosis.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate the value of the fast imaging sequence called RARE-MR urography (RMU) for the diagnosis of ureterohydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients underwent this procedure. The results were compared with those obtained by intravenous urography (IVU) and ultrasonography (US). RESULTS: The accuracy of RMU in the detection of urinary tract dilatation and the localization of the level of obstruction was excellent (100%). The determination of the type of obstruction, intrinsic versus extrinsic, was 80% by IVU and 60% for RMU. The RMU sequence alone could not specify the nature of the obstruction. Functional information about the obstructed collecting system could not be obtained. CONCLUSION: The RMU technique may be considered in the following circumstances: contraindications to IVU (allergy to contrast medium, severe renal failure), impairment of renal excretion, and failure to locate the level of obstruction by US. The absence of ionizing radiations favors the promotion of this procedure to study ureterohydronephrosis during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanisms of pneumothorax following tracheal intubation.

To investigate the mechanism by which pneumothorax may occur as a complication of tracheal intubation, we submitted four cats to tracheotomy and three to tracheal intubation. To simulate the dissection of air along fascial planes following tracheotomy, we placed catheters in either the pretracheal or subcutaneous plane and applied positive pressure to the catheters. The cats undergoing tracheal intubation were ventilated with excessive positive pressure. Computed tomography was used to document the progression of pneumothorax. High positive pressures during mechanical ventilation led to pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, and the mechanism was primarily the dissection of air along the perivascular sheaths of the pulmonary arteries, presumably due to rupture of perivascular alveoli. Dissection of air along the pretracheal fascia following tracheotomy produced pneumomediastinum but not pneumothorax. This suggests that pneumothorax occurring clinically is more likely a complication of assisted ventilation than a complication of tracheotomy surgery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synchronic signet ring carcinoma and adenocarcinoma complicating extensive and long-standing ulcerative colitis.

We report the case of a 38 year-old woman with extensive ulcerative colitis (UC) for 9 years that had consistently been under close endoscopic surveillance. She had had two previous severe attacks requiring hospital admission, with good response to intravenous steroids. In the last relapse, a total colonoscopy demonstrated extensive lesions of UC throughout the entire colon. Multiple biopsies taken every 3 cm revealed only low-grade dysplasia and lesions characteristic of UC. Due to medical therapy failure, the patient was submitted for proctocolectomy. Pathological examination of the resected specimen showed a signet ring carcinoma and a synchronic adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon, both undetected by colonoscopy and biopsies. The issue of surveillance in patients with extensive and long-standing UC is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence and risk factors for depression in postpartum women].

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of the research are to determine the prevalence of major depression after childbirth and compare it with that of non-postpartum women; and to study the risk factors for postpartum depression. METHOD: We studied 425 women: 321 women in the first postpartum year, 41 nulliparous women and 63 women with more than 1 year postpartum. RESULTS: The prevalence of major depression in the first postpartum year was 5.92%; this value was significantly lower than that of the women with more than 1 year postpartum. In women with less than 2 years postpartum we found less depression than in those with more than 2 years of delivery. The risk factors associated with postpartum depression found by logistic regression were: obsessive-compulsive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, previous major depression, maternity blues, young age and lower educational grade. CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not support the existence of a greater prevalence of major depression during postpartum in Peruvian women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct communication between right pulmonary artery and left atrium.

A case of direct communication between right pulmonary artery and left atrium is reported. The diagnosis was made before surgical correction. A surgical ligation of the fistula resolved the cyanosis of the patient. Selective angiocardiogram of the right pulmonary artery 4 months after surgery revealed no residual shunt. This very rare malformation should be considered in the clinical setting of unexplained cyanosis. This is the number 50 case reported in the literature.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal invagination in children. Reduction with pneumo-enema].

UNLABELLED: Pneumatic reduction of intussusception in children is an effective and safe procedure, although controversy persists concerning contraindications. The shown by this procedure when compared to barium reduction have led to its implementation in our Service. AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of a 'handicraft method' of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with very restricted contraindications (peritonitis or shock). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prospective study included 50 attempts at pneumatic reduction in 48 children (age range: 1.5-24 months). After confirmation of the diagnosis by ultrasonography. Then, air insufflation of the colon was performed under manometric and fluoroscopic control. After confirmation of diagnosis by ultrasonography, air insufflation of the colon was performed under manometric and fluoroscopic control in an operative room. Evolution longer than 24 hours was considered diagnostic delay, leukocytosis if WBC > 15 x 10(9)/l and distal localisation after splenic angle. Immediate laparotomy was undertaken in case of unsuccessful or doubtful reduction. RESULTS: Thirty-five reduction procedures (70%) were effective ab initio. In the 15 children submitted to laparotomy, seven were completely reduced (14%), five were manually reduced (10%), two presented intestinal necrosis (4%) and one (recurrence) had an ileal duplication (2%). The "real" efficacy (84%) was lower, even though significantly affected by diagnostic delay (81% vs 83%), rectal bleeding (81% vs 100%) or leukocytosis (71% vs 81%); efficacy was significantly lower only in distal localised cases (67% vs 97%, p = 0.02). There was one more recurrence (4%) and no other complications. CONCLUSIONS: The adopted method of pneumatic reduction was highly effective with low morbidity. Restricted contraindications were appropriate.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal duplication. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].

Duplications of the alimentary tract are rare congenital anomalies. The symptoms often mimic other surgical diseases and the diagnostic workup presents low accuracy. The charts of twelve children with intestinal duplications were reviewed. Their ages ranged from 13 days to 12 years (median: 12 months). The majority of the cases were located at ileum (n = 9). These children presented: rectal bleeding (n = 4), intussusception (n = 3), intestinal obstruction (n = 1) and hemoperitoneum (n = 1). All that were symptomatic before 1 year of age presented with intussusception (n = 3/3). All, except one colonic case was cystic. 99mTc abdominal scan was positive in 3 cases presenting rectal bleeding. One child with gastric duplication was diagnosed prenatally. Treatment consisted of enterectomy in all but one case, with no complications. Experience in the diagnostic workup and management is important to achieve a low morbidity rate in this congenital anomaly, which may present delayed manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corneal wound healing after excimer laser ablation in rabbits: expanding versus contracting apertures.

BACKGROUND: Photorefractive keratectomy for myopia can be performed using an expanding or contracting iris diaphragm, either of which allows for greater ablation centrally and less tissue ablation toward the edge of the treatment zone. METHODS: To compare the effects of these two strategies, eight rabbits underwent bilateral 5.00-diopter myopic ablations, performed with a contracting diaphragm in one eye and an expanding diaphragm in the other. RESULTS: The rate of epithelial healing and degree of anterior stromal haze, monitored by a masked observer, were similar for the two groups, as was the amount of corneal flattening. CONCLUSIONS: These results in rabbit corneas do not suggest a particular advantage of either the expanding or contracting apertures for achieving central corneal flattening in photorefractive keratectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostaglandin E2 production after lamellar keratectomy and photorefractive keratectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in corneal tissue after 193-nanometer excimer laser keratectomy and mechanical keratectomy with a microkeratome. METHODS: Four rabbits underwent 193-nanometer excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy on one eye, and lamellar keratectomy with the microkeratome on the fellow eye. The corneas were harvested at 10 hours after the treatment and quantitated for PGE2 levels using an enzyme-linked immune assay. Control levels of PGE2 in untreated corneas were obtained from a previous study. RESULTS: Unoperated control corneas had low levels of PGE2 (1.79 +/- 1.0 pg/mL). Both surgical techniques resulted in a significant (p < .01) increase in PGE2. Corneas ablated mechanically with the microkeratome had an average PGE2 level of 15.48 +/-5.36 pg/mL, which represented an 8.6-fold increase compared to control; there was an additional 330% mean increase in PGE2 concentration in the laser-ablated corneas (51.29 +/- 36.08 pg/mL) compared to the corneas treated with mechanical lamellar keratectomy (p = .014). CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical and photochemical superficial keratectomies induce production of an inflammatory mediator, PGE2. The 193-nanometer excimer laser irradiation causes a greater increase of PGE2 production in the corneal tissue than does keratectomy with the microkeratome; this observation may support a role for cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in postoperative therapy.

Animals↗