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Biomedical subjects

M Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to M Campbell.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Plasma growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in infantile autism: a pilot study.

Plasma growth hormone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were examined in eight preschool-age autistic children. Six of these children were examined on two separate occasions: during the period of baseline evaluation and after 4 weeks of daily haloperidol administration. On at least one occasion, half of this small sample exhibited persistent elevation of growth hormone levels, with a failure to return to baseline values over the course of a 135-minute period postinsulin infusion. These data are consistent with the occurrence of hypothalamic dysfunction in subgroups of autistic children. Short-term administration of haloperidol did not diminish the ability of the pituitary to secrete growth hormone in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1986

Stimulation by mitogens and neuronal membranes of lymphocytes from patients with motor neurone disease.

Stimulation of lymphocytes from motor neurone disease patients by either concanavalin A or PHA was shown to be significantly depressed relative to that from normal controls, as assayed by incorporation of [3H]thymidine or [3H]leucine or by glucose uptake. Corresponding significant differences were not shown by assays based upon incorporation of [3H]uridine or of lactate release. Lymphocytes from 4 out of 14 motor neurone disease patients showed a blastogenic response to membranes from rat spinal cord cells, compared with those from 0 out of 9 normal controls. These results not only suggest the possibility of an impaired cellular immune control in MND patients but also indicate the presence of lymphocytes sensitised specifically to neuronal membrane components.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relative affinities for different classes of neurotransmitter receptors predict neuroleptic efficacy in infantile autism: a hypothesis.

In this report, the clinical efficacy of specific neuroleptics in infantile autism was related to the degree to which they bind to different classes of neurotransmitter receptors and calcium channels in brain. Based upon available receptor-binding data, predictions were made regarding the efficacy of neuroleptics which have not yet been studied in this disorder. Future selection of potentially effective agents should be based upon a pharmacological rationale.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the myoelectrical activity of the equine ileum infected with Strongylus vulgaris larvae.

Five weanling ponies were subjected to an intensive 6-week deworming program after which 4 Ag-AgCl bipolar electrodes were implanted surgically on the distal ileum. For 3 hours each day for 5 consecutive days, ileal myoelectrical activity was recorded from fed ponies under 3 sequential conditions: preinoculation, after oral administration of 1,000 killed Strongylus vulgaris infective larvae (3 ponies), and after oral administration of 1,000 live S vulgaris infective larvae. Recordings were analyzed for slow wave frequency, percentage duration of phases I, II, and III of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC), and the frequency of distinct, rapidly migrating action-potential complexes within phase 2 of the MMC. After administration of live and killed infected 3rd-stage larvae, there was a marked increase in the number of disrupted phase III complexes, and a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the number of migrating action-potential complexes. In addition, after inoculation of live 3rd-stage larvae, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the percentage of time that the MMC was occupied by prolonged periods devoid of spike activity (phase I). The results indicate that S vulgaris larval mucosal penetration and submucosal migration can cause changes in ileal myoelectrical activity that could cause colic, and that larval antigen alone within the lumen may disrupt ileal motility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

SEM visualization of glycosylated surface molecules using lectin-coated microspheres.

There are several techniques currently used to localize glycosylated surface molecules by scanning electron microscopy (Grinnell, 1980; Molday, 1976; Linthicum and Sell, 1975; Nicolson, 1974; Lo Buglio, et al, 1972). A simple and rapid method, using a modification of Grinnell's technique is reported here. Essentially, microspheres coated with Concavalin A are used to bind to glycosylated regions of the palatal shelf epithelium and are visualized in the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Plasma growth hormone response to oral l-dopa in infantile autism.

In order to assess further the occurrence of hypothalamic dysfunction in infantile autism and its possible relationship to dopaminergic abnormalities, the l-dopa provocative test was performed in 22 patients fulfilling DSM-III criteria for this disorder. The results indicate a high incidence (at least 30%) of blunted plasma growth hormone (GH) responses following oral administration of l-dopa in this sample. These data suggest an alteration of hypothalamic dopamine receptor sensitivity in the patients with blunted responses. Thus, a subgroup of autistic patients within a descriptively homogeneous diagnostic category shows evidence of hypothalamic dysregulation and dopaminergic abnormalities.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Inability of caliper measurement to enhance observer agreement in the interpretation of coronary cineangiograms.

Important clinical decisions are made on the basis of the interpretation of the degree of stenosis in the coronary cineangiogram. Thus, minimization of observer variation (both intra and inter) is crucial. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if measurement of stenotic lesions by caliper (CM) as compared with the usual eyeball method (EM) would reduce observer variation. Five observers, using the AHA scoring system, estimated maximal luminal narrowing in 14 segments on 10 films providing 2 reports on each film by EM and 2 by CM, thus making observations on 2800 segments. This allowed analysis of intraobserver variation for each reporter for method EM and CM, and for interobserver variation by each method. Since chance agreement is an important component in an observational study, a correction for this was made using the Kappa statistic. The results revealed that the mean Kappa by EM was 0.71 compared to 0.63 by CM (1 being perfect agreement and 0 no agreement). Agreement was much greater in proximal rather than distal segments. Interobserver agreement was consistently higher by EM K = 0.62 than CM K = 0.53 (p = 0.0007). A delineation of the types of disagreement and their clinical significance are important considerations in the evaluation of observer variation. It is concluded that the use of a caliper does not enhance either intra or interobserver agreement.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1984

Eye drops of RU 486-6, a peripheral steroid blocker, lower intraocular pressure in rabbits.

A peripheral corticosteroid blocker RU 486-6, instilled as a 1% suspension at random into one eye of 12 rabbits, produced a consistent fall in intraocular pressure as measured by a hand-held applanation tonometer, when compared with the fellow control eye. This or a similar drug may be applicable for treatment of human open-angle glaucoma, or ocular hypertension, by eliminating that part of ocular tension attributable to the effect on aqueous outflow of the normal and fluctuating level of tissue corticosteroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Behavioral efficacy of haloperidol and lithium carbonate. A comparison in hospitalized aggressive children with conduct disorder.

The efficacy and safety of haloperidol, lithium carbonate, and placebo were critically assessed in 61 treatment-resistant, hospitalized children aged 5.2 to 12.9 years with diagnoses of conduct disorder, aggressive type. In this double-blind and well-controlled study, the optimal dosages of haloperidol ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 mg/day and those of lithium carbonate from 500 to 2,000 mg/day. For the assessment of behavioral changes and untoward effects, various rating scales were used in different settings. Both haloperidol and lithium carbonate were found to be significantly superior to placebo in decreasing behavioral symptoms. Although both medications were clinically effective, haloperidol was associated more often with untoward effects than was lithium carbonate.

Aggression↗