Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Campbell.
Results from subject-wise and word-wise analyses of recall for four types of emotional lists memorized by 14 subjects confirm that active words (pleasant and active, unpleasant and active) are better recalled than passive words (pleasant and passive, unpleasant and passive). The standardized formula 'recall = .68 (serial position) + .24 (activation)' successfully predicts 53% (R = .73) of variance in the recall criterion.
Tardive dyskinesia, an involuntary abnormal movement disorder, is a serious untoward effect of neuroleptic treatment. Certain patient populations likely to be treated with neuroleptics have an increased rate of abnormal movements--or stereotypies (ST)--at baseline that may be difficult to differentiate from neuroleptic-related dyskinesias. The objective of the present study was to ascertain whether blind raters could differentiate dyskinesias from ST on videotapes of autistic children and to compare ratings on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) of patients seen live with ratings of patients seen on videotapes. Blind raters of videotapes could only differentiate dyskinesias from ST 59.3 percent of the time. Mean AIMS scores were higher for children with dyskinesias than for children with ST. A discriminant function based on AIMS Items 1 (muscles of facial expression), 2 (lips and perioral area), 6 (lower extremities), and 7 (neck, shoulders, hips) correctly classified all 9 children with dyskinesias and 8 of the 9 children with ST.
The present study compared baseline assessments of 30 autistic children studied at ages 2.8 to 6.3 years (mean = 4.5; median = 4.5) with assessments at followup 0.38 to 14.3 years later (mean = 5.05; median = 4.33). The assessments included diagnosis, Severity of illness, and intellectual functioning. At the time of followup, when they participated in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV Field Trial, the subjects' ages ranged from 5.5 to 19.25 years (mean = 9.60). At followup, a clinical diagnosis of autistic disorder was made in 22 of the 30 children; autistic disorder, residual state was diagnosed in 6 children, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) was diagnosed in 2 children. The group of children who, on followup, no longer met the diagnosis of autistic disorder had lower severity of illness ratings and higher intellectual functioning at baseline and at followup than those children who remained diagnosed as autistic disorder; they also showed a rise in intellectual functioning over time whereas those children who remained diagnosed as autistic did not. Both groups showed decreases in severity of illness over time.
Plasma beta-endorphin levels were measured in 13 autistic children, aged 3.67 to 11.67 years at the end of treatment (naltrexone, haloperidol, pimozide, or placebo) and in 5 of the 13 children also at baseline. Baseline plasma beta-endorphin levels were lower than those reported in the literature. There was a strong correlation between plasma beta-endorphin levels and severity of sterotypies in all children. Naltrexone did not seem to have a specific effect on plasma beta-endorphin levels; short-term haloperidol treatment was associated with an increase, whereas long-term haloperidol treatment seemed to have a depressive effect on plasma beta-endorphin levels, which rose after withdrawal of haloperidol.
The long-term effects of haloperidol on weight were assessed in 30 children, 25 males and 5 females, diagnosed with autistic disorder whose ages ranged from 3.08 to 8.42 years. They received haloperidol (0.25-3.50 mg/day; mean 1.26 +/- 0.84) for 6 months followed by a 4-week drug withdrawal period. Weights obtained on the last day of the 6-month haloperidol period were compared to weights obtained following drug withdrawal. There was no significant difference between the mean weights obtained on the last day of haloperidol administration (24.799 +/- 9.741 kg) compared to the mean weights at the end of the fourth week of the placebo period (24.644 +/- 9.833 kg). Weights increased during the first week of drug discontinuation (24.879 +/- 9.855 kg), but decreased during each following week of drug withdrawal. Weight was measured monthly during the 6-month haloperidol treatment period for 8 of the 30 subjects. In this subsample, weight gain was greater during the 1-month period lasting from the end of the 4-week drug withdrawal to the end of the first month after resuming haloperidol treatment than weight gain prior to drug withdrawal, between the fifth and sixth month of haloperidol treatment.
The role of BCR gene sequences in Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemia is not well understood. Our previous studies demonstrated that P210 BCR-ABL co-precipitates with P160 BCR following immunoprecipitation with antibodies to the C-terminal domain of P160 BCR, sequences lacking in P210 BCR-ABL. We now report that tryptic peptides shared by both P160 BCR and P210 BCR-ABL are phosphorylated on tyrosine in vitro either when using immune complexes containing P160 BCR complexed to BCR-ABL or when P160 BCR is phosphorylated in trans by P210 BCR-ABL immune complexes from cells lacking functional P160 BCR. P185 BCR-ABL produced in a cell line derived from a Ph chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia patient also co-immunoprecipitated with P160 BCR. As with P210 BCR-ABL, P160 BCR tyrosine phosphopeptides were shared with P185 BCR-ABL, indicating that the major sites of tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro are contained within the first exon of P160 BCR. Similarly, BCR-ABL autophosphorylation was found to occur predominantly at tyrosines within BCR exon 1 sequences. These results raise the possibility that the activated ABL protein kinase of BCR-ABL proteins modulates the putative signal transduction activities of P160 BCR by tyrosine phosphorylation of exon 1 sequences.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A home-based exercise programme has been found to be as useful as a hospital-based one in improving cardiovascular fitness after an acute myocardial infarction. To find out whether a comprehensive home-based programme would reduce psychological distress, 176 patients with an acute myocardial infarction were randomly allocated to a self-help rehabilitation programme based on a heart manual or to receive standard care plus a placebo package of information and informal counselling. Psychological adjustment, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, was better in the rehabilitation group at 1 year. They also had significantly less contact with their general practitioners during the following year and significantly fewer were readmitted to hospital in the first 6 months. The improvement was greatest among patients who were clinically anxious or depressed at discharge from hospital. The cost-effectiveness of the home-based programme has yet to be compared with that of a hospital-based programme, but the findings of this study indicate that it might be worth offering such a package to all patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.