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Biomedical subjects

M Campanacci

Publications and source records attributed to M Campanacci.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Adriamycin binding assay: a valuable chemosensitivity test in human osteosarcoma.

The reliability of a simple method evaluating the pattern of subcellular binding of Adriamycin (Adriamycin binding assay, ABA) as an index of sensitivity was demonstrated in different primary cultures and in sensitive and resistant cell lines of human osteosarcoma. After exposure to Adriamycin (10 micrograms/ml for 30 min at 37 degrees C), living sensitive cells showed selective intranuclear uptake of the drug, whereas in resistant cells no distinct subcellular distribution was observed. The binding pattern of Adriamycin in sensitive and in highly resistant cells was inversely related to the expression of P-glycoprotein. However, low levels of resistance in vitro, not detectable by increased levels of expression of P-glycoprotein, were revealed by ABA. The use of ABA in combination with the estimate of P-glycoprotein expression is recommended in clinical practice as an accurate means for predicting the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to Adriamycin.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of osteonectin as a diagnostic marker of osteogenic bone tumors.

Osteonectin (ON), a 32,000-kd glycoprotein involved in the early steps of mineralization of skeletal tissue, is a recognized differentiation marker of normal osteogenic cells. The expression of ON was evaluated in vitro and in tissue sections by the polyclonal antibody bON II. In different cell cultures immunocytochemistry and molecular biology displayed a nonspecific reaction for the antibody, which showed itself to be useless for the in vitro identification of cells of the osteoblastic lineage. The diagnostic use of bON II antibody was investigated by immunohistochemistry on a series of osteogenic and nonosteogenic bone tumors. A strongly positive stain of the entire neoplastic component of osteosarcoma and osteoblastoma and a weaker stain of the mononuclear component of giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma were observed. On the other hand, stains for chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and brown tumor from hyperparathyroidism were entirely negative. Our results indicate that ON may be helpful in the histologic diagnosis of bone tumors, particularly in differentiating small cell osteosarcoma from other small round cell tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Surgical approach to soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

Authors emphasize the primary role of surgery in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma, confirming the recent acquisition that conservative surgery and adjuvant therapy yield results comparable to those of more extensive surgery. Subsequently, the authors delineate the general guidelines in the surgical treatment of soft tissue sarcoma, depending on the anatomic location of the tumor, and point out the main goals: first to provide local control of the tumor, and second to preserve as much function as possible without jeopardizing the adequacy of the procedure.

Extremities↗
PubMed1992

Benign tumors of the cervical spine.

Benign tumors of the cervical spine are relatively infrequent but have a number of common characteristics that aid in the evaluation and treatment of these lesions. The tumors are most common in the first and second decades of life, presenting as pain, neck stiffness and torticollis. In approximately 70%, the lesions are visible on plain roentgenograms and the remainder are well visualized on bone scan and computed tomographic scan. The majority are present in the posterior elements and may be treated adequately with excisional biopsy by curettage. Stage 3 lesions are best treated by marginal excisional techniques and may require adjunctive techniques such as embolization or radiation therapy. The location of the lesion and extent of excision determine the necessity for fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clear cell chondrosarcoma of bone. A report of 8 cases.

We report 8 cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma from 350 cases of chondrosarcoma (2.2%) seen at Istituto Rizzoli. The lesion is always low grade in nature and occurs in an epiphyseal location, usually in the proximal femur or humerus. This relatively inaccessible location may hinder the exact diagnosis. Wide resection is the treatment of choice, although 3 of our patients underwent intralesional or marginal procedures. At present all patients are free of disease. However, a longer followup is essential because of the slow-growing nature of this sarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues. Two different sub-groups.

Chondrosarcomas arising from soft tissues are rare. Two different varieties are described, myxoid and mesenchymal. We have collected nine cases of the tumour, five myxoid and four mesenchymal, from a review of 513 cases of chondrosarcoma seen between 1904 and 1988. We report the principal clinical, radiographical and histological differences between the two varieties and discuss their surgical treatment and prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Osteosarcoma.

Dr. Campanacci was the 1990 Sir Robert Jones Lecturer of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute. This article is derived from the lecture he delivered in that capacity on October 26, 1990, at the Annual Scientific Program of the Hospital's Alumni Association.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Pelvic resections: the Rizzoli Institute experience.

Materials, methods, and techniques of pelvic resections are discussed. Results, including the complications of nerve damage, infection, and vascular, visceral, and reconstructive complications are tabulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of quadriceps excision on functional results after distal femoral resection and prosthetic replacement of bone tumors.

Although resection and reconstruction with a prosthesis is an accepted form of treatment for tumors of the distal femur, minimal effort has been made to correlate the functional result with the degree of adjacent muscle excision. From 1983 to 1986, 65 patients had distal femoral resection and prosthetic reconstruction. Ten patients had only the vastus intermedius excised (Group A), 30 patients had excision of the vastus intermedius plus either the vastus medialis or lateralis (Group B), nine patients had only the rectus femoris spared (Group C), and 16 patients had the entire quadriceps excised or conversion of the previous arthrodesis (Group D). Based on the rating system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, satisfactory results were obtained in 70% of Group A patients (30% excellent and 40% good), with no poor results. In group B, 80% had good or excellent results and 7% poor results. In Group C, 78% of the patients had good results but no excellent results, whereas Group D had only 50% satisfactory results. The parameters that most often led to functional impairment were restricted motion and inadequate extensor powers. Muscle transfers, however, (flexors to extensors) were effective only in Group C patients. With proper technique and prosthetic design, satisfactory results can be achieved after distal femoral resection and prosthetic reconstruction, even after extensive quadriceps excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hemipelvectomy in malignant neoplasms of the hip region.

The authors report the results of 76 hemipelvectomies performed from 1978 to 1988 in malignant neoplasms of the hip region. Several surgical techniques were employed, including King and Steelquist's "classic" technique (77%), the technique involving the anterior flap of the thigh (9%), and the technique involving the subcutaneous gluteal flap (14%). In 8 cases palliative surgery was performed. Of the remaining 68 patients, 31 (45%) are alive and show no signs of the disease after an average of 44 months. Postoperative complications are discussed in relation to surgical technique and previous adjuvant therapy; the subcutaneous gluteal flap technique exposes the patient to the greatest risk of major complications (54%), while the "classic" technique is the most reliable, although there was superficial infection in 18% of cases. Fifty percent of the patients previously treated with radiotherapy suffered local postoperative complications. In order to reduce local recurrence, special care is advised in the preoperative stages and in the execution of the pelvic osteotomies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Combined treatment of osteosarcoma of the limbs at an advanced stage, including hyperthermic-antiblastic perfusion.

Between August 1983 and September 1986 18 patients affected with osteosarcoma of the limbs in which the extent of the neoplasm would normally have required amputation were treated by two cycles of intra-arterial infusion of CDDP, associated with methotrexate at high doses administered i.v., followed by a hyperthermic-antiblastic perfusion confined to the affected limb with CDDP at high doses. At the end, the patients were administered two more cycles of methotrexate at high doses and CDDP intravenously. The immediate response, evaluated in radiological, clinical and histological terms, was such that in 11 patients it was possible to obtain satisfactory results with conservative treatment alone. None of the patients developed local recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Adjuvant multiple drug chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremity: a 6 year report.

Fifty-five cases of osteosarcoma of the extremities were treated between 1972 and 1976 with combination surgery and polychemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin and methotrexate at medium doses) for 18 months. Their follow-up presently ranges between 30 and 80 months (mean = 48 months). Twenty-six patients remained free from disease signs, 2 showed local recurrence but no metastases, and 27 exhibited metastases (4 of these also had local recurrences). In 12 patients, the metastases appeared after the end of chemotherapy. Both metastases and local recurrences were more frequent in those patients submitted to segmental bone resection (7/8) than in those treated by more radical surgery (22/47). Comparison with a historical group (94 osteosarcoma patients treated with surgery alone at our Institute between 1960 and 1971) revealed that, during the follow-up period considered, the percentage of patients free from disease signs was higher in the group that also received chemotherapy. In addition, in this group metastatic appearance was delayed (mean = 15 months) as compared to historical controls (mean = 8 months). On the other hand, after the same kind of surgery, the rate of local recurrences and the time of their appearance was practically the same in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Total resection of distal femur or proximal tibia for bone tumours. Autogenous bone grafts and arthrodesis in twenty-six cases.

Resection of the distal femur or proximal tibia en bloc has been performed on twenty-six patients with primary bone tumours. The gap was filled with autogenous bone grafts stabilised with a long intramedullary nail, thus arthrodesing the knee. In two cases temporary stabilisation with a Küntscher rod and acrylic cement was adopted because of adjuvant chemotherapy. Union was achieved in twenty-four cases (92 per cent). Infection was the main and practically the only major complication, occurring in five (19 per cent) of the cases: it healed with union in three, healed with non-union in one, and led to an above-knee amputation in the fifth case. Follow-up has been from one to eight years with an average of four years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Resection of the distal end of the radius.

Resection of the distal end of the radius is indicated in the treatment of locally aggressive primary bone tumours, such as giant cell tumour. This requires reconstruction of the resected segment. Various techniques are examined and the one using an autoplastic fibular graft is described in detail. This method preserves good function of the wrist joint.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMed1979

Malignant degeneration in fibrous dysplasia (presentation of 6 cases and review of the literature).

Malignant degeneration of fibrous dysplasia is rare. It occurs with similar frequency at all ages and in both sexes. It is more frequent in cases of polyostotic than in monostotic fibrous dysplasia. In cases of fibrous dysplasia that do show malignant degeneration it is common to find that a high level of alkaline phosphatase persists in the serum, even in adults. Previous radiotherapeutic treatment appears to me a predisposing factor. Osteosarcoma is the most frequent neoplasm, followed at some distance by fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. The tumour is most often localised in the femur; it is not unusual to find it in the tibia, maxilla and mandible. The treatment and prognosis are the same as those of the involved malignant neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ewing's sarcoma (a review of 195 cases).

The authors discuss their findings resulting from an analysis of a large series (195 cases) of Ewing's sarcoma. In particular they compare the clinical and radiographic pictures and prognosis prior to and after the introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy. This reveals such marked differences in the past and present features of this neoplasm that some of our previous criteria and attitudes to diagnosis and treatment have undergone radical reappraisal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas.

The authors report twenty five cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, illustrating the principal clinical, radiographic and histological features. The prognosis is particularly grave in this neoplasm: the only correct therapy is radical removal of the tumour by amputation or disarticulation.

Adolescent↗