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Biomedical subjects

M Caine

Publications and source records attributed to M Caine.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The alpha-adrenergic blocking effect of prazosin on the human prostate.

The effect of prazosin on the adrenergic receptors in the human prostatic adenoma and prostatic capsule was investigated by an in vitro isometric technique. The results showed an alpha-adrenergic blocking action on both tissues. The cholinergic response of the capsule and the direct response of the adenoma were not affected. It is suggested that prazosin may prove preferable to phenoxybenzamine for clinical use as a prostatic alpha blocking agent, because of the selective action on the alpha1 receptors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Prolactin concentration in prostates with benign hypertrophy.

Twenty-two hypertrophied prostates removed in surgery were checked for prolactin concentration by the radioimmunoassay method. The mean concentration in the prostatic tissue was found to be 38.2 +/- 1.9 ng./Gm. while the mean basal serum level was 11.9 +/- 1.3 ng./ml. It is concluded that serum prolactin levels do not reflect prostatic prolactin concentration. The possibility that interrelationship in action exists between androgens and prolactin affecting each other's concentration, both influencing prostatic metabolism is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Phenoxybenzamine for benign prostatic obstruction. Review of 200 cases.

Two hundred patients treated with phenoxybenzamine for benign prostatic obstruction were reviewed. In 171 of these patients the treatment was given to relieve symptoms in patients not requiring operation, or in patients in whom operation was postponed. Eighty per cent of these patients derived benefit from the treatment, most commonly for the obstructive symptoms (78.7 per cent) but almost as often for nocturia (76 per cent). The treatment was also found to be useful in aiding catheter removal after an attack of acute retention, and in preventing recurrent attacks of acute retention. Side effects occurred in 30 per cent of patients, but necessitated cessation of treatment in only 10 per cent. They consisted of other alpha-blocking effects, and caused after stopping or reducing treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The action of bromocriptine on human detrusor muscle.

The pharmacological effects of bromocriptine on human detrusor muscle were investigated by an in vitro isometric method. Both a direct stimulating effect and an anticholinergic effect were demonstrated. These effects, together with an alpha-adrenergic blocking effect reported in a previous paper, are correlated with the published clinical effects of bromocriptine in patients with primary and secondary unstable detrusors.

Bethanechol Compounds↗
PubMed1980

Serum prolactin levels in men during retropubic prostatectomy.

Thirty-one patients who underwent retropubic prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia for benign hypertrophy of the prostate were checked for serum prolactin levels before and during operation. A significant increase in serum prolactin levels was noted during operation after the removal of the prostate, as compared with levels just prior to its removal. This difference suggests high concentration of prolactin in the prostatic tissue, part of which was released into the bloodstream during the traumatic squeezing of the prostate.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoma of colon after ureterocolic anastomosis: implantation on calyceal mucosa.

Two cases are reported of the development of mucoid adenocarcinoma of the colon in young patients, nineteen and thirty-four years after ureterocolic anastomosis for benign conditions. One patient showed implantation of the colonic neoplasm on the mucosa of an upper calyx in the obstructed kidney. Patients who have undergone ureterocolic anastomosis have a greatly increased risk of the development of large-bowel neoplasms. When suspected, radiologic examination of the colon using a water-soluble contrast material, together with rectosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, is essential. Because of the serious nature of this complication, it is suggested that the recent trend to return to the use of large bowel in urinary diversion may be hazardous, especially in the young patient with a benign disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1978

Partial nephrectomy in surgical treatment of calculous disease.

Of a total of 158 partial nephrectomies, a detailed follow-up for up to sixteen years was obtained in 131. The rate of true ipsilateral recurrences was 26 per cent. Computer analysis of various parameters indicated that a previous history of a stone in the same or the contralateral kidney, or the presence of multiple or scattered stones in the affected side, were associated with a particularly high recurrence rate. Urinary infection at the time of or prior to operation was not of prognostic significance. The importance of complete excision of the calyceal neck was confirmed. It was concluded that the operation is logical for removal of a diseased segment of kidney, but generally cannot be recommended in the hope of removing a stone-bearing area of kidney and hence reducing the recurrence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A placebo-controlled double-blind study of the effect of phenoxybenzamine in benign prostatic obstruction.

A double-blind placebo-controlled study of phenoxybenzamine for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic obstruction is reported. Statistically significant evidence of an improvement in both the peak and mean flow-rates was found. Both diurnal and nocturnal frequency were significantly diminished. Residual urine was unaffected, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Urethral pressure recordings confirmed the reduction in the closure pressure in the prostatic segment of the urethra. It was concluded that there was good evidence that the treatment is effective.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Dynamics of acute retention in prostatic patient and role of adrenergic receptors.

The dynamic changes in the lower urinary tract associated with acute retention in the prostatic patient were investigated by pressure studies. These revealed that the site of maximal urethral pressure was in the prostatic segment, the bladder neck was not tightly closed, and the normal tone of the external sphincter was inhibited. Bladder decompression altered these findings, and alpha-adrenergic blockade produced a reduction in all pressure parameters in the posterior urethra. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to present-day knowledge of lower tract urodynamics. It is concluded that certain cases of acute retention in the prostatic patient may be initiated by stimulation of the prostatic alpha-adrenergic receptors, and may then be perpetuated by a secondary fall in intravesical pressure together with a supplementaty "feed-back" stimulation of these receptors due to the bladder overdistention itself. Decompression and/or alpha-adrenergic block may sometimes reverse this process.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

Specific attachment of T-lymphocytes from cancer patients to tumor cells.

The present study describes a new approach for detecting the immune reaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients against tumor antigens. T-lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder were found to attach specifically to monolayers of cells of urinary bladder carcinoma line (T24). The attached T-cells were identified by their capacity to form E-rosettes with sheep red blood cells. The number of rosette forming--target attached lymphocytes (RF--TAL) was 6 times higher in bladder carcinoma patients than in healthy controls or in patients bearing other types of cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1977

The importance of adrenergic receptors in disorders of micturition.

A review is presented of the adrenoreceptors in the lower urinary tract, and their relationship to disorders of micturition. It is suggested that they may be of importance of neurogenic bladder disease, bladder neck obstruction, benign enlargement of the prostate, and certain drug and hormonal effects on the lower urinary tract, and that modification of their activity can be of benefit in the management of these conditions.

Female↗
PubMed1976

The use of alpha-adrenergic blockers in benign prostatic obstruction.

As a result of previous in-vitro studies on the alpha-adrenergic receptor activity of the human prostate and prostatic capsule a trial was made of alpha-adrenergic blockers for the relief of obstructive prostatic symptoms. Considerable benefit was obtained in several groups of patients, as demonstrated either by the relief or prevention of complete retention, or by diminution in residual urine or improvement in urinary flow-rate recordings. A number of illustrative cases are described, and the indications for the use of this treatment are suggested. It is emphasised that this treatment provides symptomatic relief only, and in no sense purports to be a treatment of the enlarged prostate itself.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

The treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy with flutamide (SCH: 13521): a placebo-controlled study.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the antiandrogen compound flutamide in 30 patients with benign enlargement of the prostate is reported. The potency of the compound was indicated by the large percentage of patients suffering from gynecomastia or nipple pain. Flow rate recordings are probably the most reliable and useful examination in this type of investigation, and statistical analysis of the results showed evidence of significant improvement in patients receiving flutamide. No evidence of an effect as compared to the placebo was found when the residual urine, prostate size or histological changes in prostatic biopsies were examined. Subjective effects, when carefully analyzed, provided some evidence of a preference for the flutamide group, especially in the early weeks of treatment, but the fallaciousness of subjective observations is stressed. The various problems associated with the choice and measurement of parameters to be used in this type of investigation are discussed, and the absolute necessity of proper controls and statistical analysis in such a clinical study is illustrated.

Anilides↗