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Biomedical subjects

M Cahane

Publications and source records attributed to M Cahane.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Corneal graft rejection after neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.

Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser capsulotomy was performed in three patients with corneal graft. Acute corneal graft rejection was noted in these patients 4 weeks to 4 months after posterior capsulotomy. In one patient, enlargement of the capsulotomy opening was followed by a second episode of corneal graft rejection. We discuss the complications of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy, and its possible role as a cause for corneal graft rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Axial length and scleral thickness effect on susceptibility to glaucomatous damage: a theoretical model implementing Laplace's law.

Laplace's law relates the pressure inside a hollow sphere with its radius and the tension in its walls. A theoretical model implementing Laplace's law in the eye globe is presented. The physical model may help to explain certain aspects in glaucomatous disk damage such as higher susceptibility of myopic eyes to glaucomatous damage and a possible explanation for glaucoma nerve head damage in low tension glaucoma.

Disease Susceptibility↗
PubMed1992

Small-incision manual extracapsular cataract extraction using selective hydrodissection.

Hydrodissection is a technique in which balanced salt solution is injected through a cannula into various layers of a cataractous lens to separate the lens lamella in a nonspecific location. Selective hydrodissection allows separation of the lens lamella at different desired anatomical layers. The technique allows the smallest possible nucleus, ie, the hard-core nucleus, to be hydroexpressed as a separate entity, requiring, correspondingly, a relatively small capsulorhexis and limbal incision. Then, in a second maneuver, the epinucleus, which engulfs the hardcore nucleus to form the adult nucleus, also can be aspirated or hydroexpressed as a whole. Selective hydrodissection permits scleral incision and stitchless surgery in planned extracapsular cataract extraction and also may serve as an intermediate step for surgeons who wish to convert to or learn phacoemulsification techniques.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1992

Transient fluorescein leakage simulating subretinal membrane: a diagnostic dilemma.

A 68-year-old woman with blurred vision had a foveal spot of fluorescein leakage that later was found to be a transient leakage. The clinical picture resembled central serous chorioretinopathy, a rare diagnosis in older patients. Other possible diagnoses (e.g., subretinal neovascular membrane or epiretinal membrane) are discussed as is the need for laser treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Direct intraoperative continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure.

We present a system of intraoperative continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) consisting of a sterilizable pressure sensor attached to a digital monitor and an analogic recording instrument. Used in conjunction with an anterior-chamber maintainer, IOP may be accurately maintained at a specific and desired level.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1991

Postoperative complications after Molteno implant surgery.

We performed Molteno implant surgery in one eye each of 41 patients with uncontrolled glaucoma. Intraocular pressure was controlled (intraocular pressure less than or equal to 18 mm Hg) in 32 eyes (78%). The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 40 +/- 13.2 mm Hg, whereas the mean postoperative intraocular pressure was 16 +/- 6.6 mm Hg. Patients were followed up for an average of 16 months after the operation. Visual acuity was unchanged in 23 eyes (56%), improved in nine eyes (22%), and poorer in nine eyes (22%). The major complications included shallow anterior chamber and hypotony in six eyes (14.6%), vitreous hemorrhage in two eyes (4.9%), retinal detachment in one eye (2.4%), and malignant glaucoma in two eyes (4.9%). Less grave complications included hyphema in four eyes (9.8%), peripheral choroidal effusion in 15 eyes (36.6%), obstruction of the tube in six eyes (14.6%), recession of the tube into the angle in two eyes (4.9%), erosion of the tube in one eye (2.4%), and Tenon's cyst formation in three eyes (7.3%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a resutured iridotomy on glare disability in glaucoma patients having cataract surgery.

Twenty-two glaucoma patients with fixed miotic pupils prior to cataract surgery were retrospectively divided into two groups: Group A in which the sector iridotomy was resutured after intraocular lens insertion; Group B in which the sector iridotomy was not resutured. The two groups were matched for average age, sex, average disease duration, glaucoma type, operation type, mean follow-up, and average intraocular pressure and cup/disc ratio. Glare disability was measured with the Miller-Nadler tester. A similar reduction in visual acuity under glare was found in the two groups: 0.55 + 1.2 and 0.45 + 0.9 Snellen lines for Groups A and B, respectively. These findings are explained by two additional observations: Reduction in visual acuity under glare was positively correlated to the degree of posterior capsule opacity (r=0.4) and not to the functional pupillary area (r=0.13). Functional pupillary area (upper lid in normal position) was 42% larger in the nonresutured group compared to 85% difference in the total pupillary area.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Glaucoma in siblings with Morquio syndrome.

Two cases of association between the Morquio Syndrome and glaucoma in one family are described. Possible role of Mucopolysaccharides acting in the anterior chamber angle is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Epikeratophakia surgery for refractive errors and keratoconus].

Epikeratophakia surgery is a relatively new surgical technique which involves suturing of prelathed corneal tissue on top of the recipient's cornea. The epikeratophakia lens is lathed according to the recipient's refractive needs and therefore can correct myopia and hyperopia; a plano lenticle can be used to correct keratoconus. In the past 3 years we operated on 25 patients (27 eyes). There were 11 cases of myopia, 7 of aphakia and 7 of keratoconus. The aphakic (hyperopic) group included patients with aphakia and traumatic aphakia in whom secondary implantation of an intraocular lens was contraindicated or who were contact-lens intolerant. In the myopic group, the average correction of 18.3 diopters improved to -1.9 diopters after surgery, and in the hyperopic-aphakic group from +10.9 diopters to +1.1 diopters. In the keratoconus group there was also marked improvement after surgery. There was no major complication during or after surgery. Epikeratophakia surgery is a reversible, extraocular procedure, which is fairly simple technically, does not cause immunological rejection, and gives fairly good results in certain refractive errors and in keratoconus.

Aphakia↗
PubMed1989

Epikeratophakia after ocular trauma.

Five patients with long-standing monocular traumatic aphakia and contact lens intolerance underwent epikeratophakia. This procedure was chosen to rehabilitate the visual function in those eyes that exhibited distorted anterior segment anatomy after trauma. Three of the patients had corneal scars associated with their old perforation wounds, and all of them had undergone an intracapsular cataract extraction soon after their original injuries. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 or better in all cases before surgery. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improved to within two lines of the best-corrected preoperative visual acuity, after a minimum follow-up period of six months. No intraoperative complications were noted. One cornea developed late-onset partial scarring of the interface in the area of the original scar, but the process arrested spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nd: YAG laser treatment of anterior chamber implantation cysts.

The development of an epithelial implantation cyst is a severe complication of anterior segment surgery and trauma. Two patients with anterior chamber implantation cysts were treated with Nd: YAG laser. One required surgical correction as the cyst reformed after each of 6 laser treatment sessions. In the other patient, the cyst reformed once, and has not recurred for 18 months since the second laser treatment. Collapse of anterior chamber implantation cysts can be achieved with Nd: YAG laser, though multiple treatment sessions may be required due to the cyst's tendency to reform.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Therapeutic and social determinants of the number of blood glucose tests performed at home by the diabetic child].

The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of the use of blood glucose tests by young diabetic children participating in a summer educational program. 425 children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied. The main source of the data was a questionnaire filled by the children and their parents about the use of urine and blood glucose tests during the 8 weeks before the camp and a questionnaire filled in by the Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques (AJD) doctors about the practical knowledge of the management of the disease. The children were divided into 2 groups according to the level of their practical knowledge, "good" (n = 153) and "less good" (n = 272). In the whole group, the mean number of urine tests per day was 2.8, 75% of the children performing 3 tests per day and 4.3% not doing any urine tests. The number of blood tests is more variable; from 0 to 28 per week, with a mean of 5.6. In the group having "good" practical knowledge, the blood glucose tests were done 6 times per week, in connection with the number of hypoglycemia at home (p less than 0.01), the number of daily insulin injections (p less than 0.01) and the number of insulin supplements (p less than 0.05); there was a partial substitution between blood and urine tests. In the group having "less good" practical knowledge, the number of blood tests was 4 per week; it was not statistically different, but it was performed in the absence of detectable reasons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

Characteristics of children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus participating in a summer camp educational program.

Clinical, biological and social characteristics were assessed in 456 children and adolescents participating in a summer camp for children with diabetes mellitus. In these subjects, aged from 7 to 18 years, the mean duration of the diabetes was five and a half years. They carried out their usual treatment under parental supervision, 31% of them being of rural origin. Mean glycosylated haemoglobin was approximately twice as high as a reference population (12.2% +/- 2.3, vs. 6.6% +/- 0.7) and was similar to that observed in various specialized hospitals. Factors which correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin included gender, school performance, vacation away from home, time spent watching television and practicing sport and eating patterns. This descriptive analysis gives some insight into the health status of the studied population. It represents the initial phase of a study to assess the efficacy of a diabetes educational programme for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗