Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Cadoz.
The frequency of non soil dwelling anaerobic infections is increasing. The authors report 33 cases of Bacteroides fragilis bacteremias, and study the responsabilities of different factors of prognosis (especially age and underlying conditions). Nitroimidazoles are very active against all Bacteroides fragilis. This therapy is the drug of choice for such infections.
Prevalence surveys of infection and antibiotic usage in hospitals have been performed in U.S.A. on many times, but have never been performed in France. Conducted in a 529 beds hospital, this survey has shown that: - 38% of patients had an infection, - 41% of patients received antimicrobial therapy, - 61% of infections had not a microbiological proof. This prevalence survey is a useful aid for the bearing of the actions of the department of infectious pathology wich supports infection and antibiotherapy in each of their aspects in the whole hospital.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A report of 72 case histories of prolonged feven (more than three weeks, diagnosis not obvious on admission). The writers review the frequency of occurrence of the various etiologies. Infections are the most frequent cause (43 cases). A good number of them are easy to diagnose based on clinical exams and routine tests. Others are a great deal more difficult to diagnose, and in particular deep, suppurative foci. Collagen diseases then follow with 10 cases, the diagnosis of which is made by immunology and histology. Cancers are not very numerous (4 cases) and poorly represent the usual breakdown (kidney, lungs, liver, colon, pancreas). There were no cases of involvement of the blood and reticuloendothelial systems. With regard to examination of these patients, the writers discuss the merits of lymphography and laparatomies, and they set limits to therapeutic tests.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The safety and efficacy of a WC3 rotavirus vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 472 children in Bangui (Central African Republic). Each child received two doses of either placebo (235 children) or vaccine (237 children) at a 1-month interval, the first dose being given at 3 months of age. During the follow-up survey 9 months after the first dose, 117 rotavirus diarrhoeas were observed, 59 in the placebo group, 58 in the vaccinated group. The only positive effect of the vaccine was a significantly higher proportion of mild rotavirus diarrhoeal episodes in the vaccinated group than in the placebo group. Of the children in the vaccinated group, 60% had a positive immune response to WC3 rotavirus when tested by plaque reduction seroneutralization.
Of infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, those due to Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) are among the most restricted to infancy and require very early immunisation. Hib capsular polysaccharide (CPS) has the most typical T-cell independent profile. The absence of efficacy of this vaccine in infants triggered development of conjugate vaccines which are so effective that there is now no room for plain polysaccharide Hib vaccines. Pneumococcal infections pose similar problems to Hib, but are more complex. The immunogenicity of the different pneumococcal serotypes varies considerably in infancy. Although the current CPS vaccine provides limited protection in infancy, the burden of pneumococcal infection is so high that its use could be reconsidered should conjugate vaccines be available later than expected. Meningococcal infections are less a specific problem for infants. Again, serogroup immunogenicity varies widely. Group B meningococcal CPS is not immunogenic even in adults, Group C behaves as Hib CPS, whereas Group A is immunogenic as early as 6 months of age. Group A CPS may prove of interest for an infant vaccine, especially in epidemic situations. Typhoid fever is uncommon in infancy; Vi CPS is poorly immunogenic in infancy and is, therefore, of limited interest for use as an infant vaccine.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The place of the different anti-bacterial drugs in the treatment of purulent meningitis must be reconsidered in view of the bacteriological pharmacological and socio-economical data. Sulphonamids have no more interest because of the multiplication of resistant strains in most of the bacterial species. Penicillin G, with a narrow spectrum, keeps good indications (Meningococci and Pneumococci) but its use lacks convenience. With its very broad spectrum of activity, its long half life and its low cost, Chloramphenicol is actually the reference drug well adapted to the particular conditions of Africa. Ampicillins, often too expensive, show a more and limited activity against gram negative pathogens and should be supplied by the Cephalosporins "of the last generation" if not so costly.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.