Biomedical subjects
M Cabanac
Publications and source records attributed to M Cabanac.
[Multiple choice questions or traditional written examinations? A reassuring experiment].
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[Initial assessment of a behavioural therapy anti-tobacco programme (author's transl)].
The principle of behavioural therapy was used in anti-tobacco treatment. An assessment of the first 100 patients is given here. From the beginning of treatment, which was individual and lasted for one week, the subjects, with three exceptions, stopped smoking between the treatment sessions. After treatment was completed, 93 subjects maintained this abstinence for at least 15 days; 74 patients have not started to smoke again, with a follow-up period ranging from 2 to 18 months. The degree of motivation of the patients would seem to be the only parameter related to relapse.
Thermoregulatory behaviour after repetitive cooling of the preoptic area and of the spinal cord in the rat.
The thermoregulatory behaviour of 6 rats was studied during exposure to cold and warm ambient temperatures after either the preoptic area or the cervical spinal cord had been intermittently cooled for an average of 130 h. The precooled animals worked more for heat in cold environments and for cool air in a warm environment than the control animals. This behaviour, probably due to a decreased ability of the precooled animals to retain heat, suggested that the precooled animals were not fully adapted to cold. 1974) will learn to press a lever to modify their thermal environment, and this paper describes the thermoregulatory behaviour of rats after prolonged cooling of the preoptic area, and of the spinal cord. The thermoregulatory behaviour of cold exposed and cold adapted animals has already been studied in several species (Carlton and Marks, 1958; Laties and Weiss, 1960; Revusky, 1966; balwin and Ingram, 1967).
Origin of olfacto-gustatory alliesthesia: intestinal sensitivity to carbohydrate concentration?
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Fever and behavioural temperature regulation in the frog Rana esculenta.
The skin and colonic temperatures were recorded in frogs (Rana esculenta) which had selected a suitable microenvironment in a box filled with 2-3 cm water. The water temperatures ranged from 0 degrees C to + 40 degrees C. Such measurements were performed before and after intraperitoneal injections of killed pathogenic bacteria (M. xenopi and M. range), killed non-pathogenic bacteria (M. aquae II) and 0.9% sterile saline, intraperitoneal injections of blood plasma from frogs pre-injected with killed M. ranae, injections of PGE1 into the brain. The injections of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin caused, after latencies of 5-120 min, higher preferred water temperatures, which produced an average maximum colonic temperature increase of 6.5 degrees C +/- 1.0 degrees C (S.E.) (p less than 0.001). The non-pathogenic bacteria and sterile saline caused no temperature change. Monophasic hyperthermia of shorter latency was caused by injections of blood plasma from frog preinjected with M. ranae. Monophasic hyperthermia of the shortest latency was observed after diencephalic injections of PGE1. Based on their similarity we suggest that ectothermic and endothermic fever have a common phylogenetic origin.
Thermoregulatory responses as a function of core temperature in humans.
1. Six healthy humans were immersed sequentially in baths maintained at a steady temperature of either 28 +/- 1 or 38-8 +/- 1 degree C. 2. Metabolic heat production was calculated by respiratory gas analysis. A ventilated capsule was placed on the forehead and sweat secretion was calculated from psychrometric recordings. Convective heat loss from one hand to water-perfused glove provided a continuous measurement of vasomotor response. 3. Heat production, sweating, and vasomotor heat loss were proportional to core temperature. 4. Sweating and vasomotor response were parallel. Vasoconstriction was complete, before the onset of shivering. 5. The thresholds for heat loss and heat production were superimposed, without a 'dead band' core temperature.
The effect of capsaïcin on temperature regulation of the rat.
1. Subcutaneous injection of capsaïcin (6-11 mg, or 21-66 mg cumulative), permanently reduced the capacity of rats to withstand a hot environment, as described by Jancsó-Gábor et al. (1970). 2. The treated rats thermoregulatory behaviour was not different from that of control rats, both in hot and cold environments. 3. Saliva secretion was decreased in a hot environment, and the weight of the submaxillary glands was reduced in capsaïcinized rats. 4. It is concluded that hyperthermia present in treated rats when subjected to a warm environment is not due to a disruption of sensu stricto temperature regulation, but rather to a decreased salivary secretion. Whether this decrease has a central or a peripheral origin is not known.
[Letter: The practice examination: a classical but effienient teaching method].
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Dog behaviour as related to spinal cord temperature.
3 dogs could behaviourally modify their own spinal cord temperature (Tspin. cord). In a hot environment, 2 dogs did not cool their spinal cord, 1 dog warmed it. The higher the environmental temperature, the higher the chosen Tspin. cord. These results seem to imply that this latter dog tended, in warm environment, to behaviourally reduce: Ts greater than Tspin. cord (Ts mean skin temperature). Data obtained previously support this explanation.
Influence of a monotonous food on body weight regulation in humans.
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Peripheral heat as a reward for heart rate response in the curarized rat.
It is generally assumed that the mechanical perception of shivering is necessary for the perception of cold discomfort. Shivering of rats in a cool environment was eliminated by curarization. The rats were kept alive by artificial respiration. Heart rate was proportional to rectal temperature in a group of controls. One group of rats was conditioned to increase heart rate to trigger an infrared lamp; another group was conditioned to decrease heart rate to obtain heat. When compared with the results of the control group without infrared heat reward, the results obtained from the two heart-rate-modifying groups show that shivering is not a necessary signal to determine thermoregulatory behavior in rats and, presumably, cold discomfort in man.
A study of the nycthemeral cycle of behavioural temperature regulation in man.
1. Four human subjects were rendered hyperthermic and hypothermic by immersion in warm and cool water, at 02.00, 08.00, 14.00 and 20.00 hr. Bath and oesophageal temperatures and pulse rate were recorded. Temperature preference was determined by operant behaviour and vote. The core temperature set-point for behavioural thermoregulation was estimated from the behavioural results. 2. The results are in accord with those of previous studies of the nyethemeral cycling of autonomic responsiveness to heat and cold with a heating up phase before noon and a cooling down phase during the early night. 3. Subjective sensations and behavioural responses were also found to follow a nycthemeral cycle with a minimum before noon and a maximum at 20.00 hr. 4. The core temperature set point was 0-7 degrees C higher after noon than before noon with a small phase advance from resting core temperature. This result suggests that the nycthemeral cyclic change in body temperature is due to a nycthemeral cyclic change in the set-point near to which body temperature is kept by both autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory responses.
[Effect of external stimuli on the effectiveness of the adipostat].
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Temperature regulation.
The general way of looking at short-term temperature regulation has not fundamentaly changed since 1968. Some points nevertheless have been developed and deserve special attention: 1. The influence of water on the skin surface inhibits sweat secretion (55, 106). This fact may be the explanation of sweating fatigue and of discordant conclusions regarding the functioning of the regulator, particularly during exercise in man. 2. Since a large number of studies have shown that appropriate behaviors occur in response to all the stimuli that activate autonomic responses, behavior itself should be considered as an integral part of the thermoregulatory system (1, 2, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 31, 32, 34-36, 48, 88, 89, 98, 99, 122, 126, 127, 137). 3. The description of the peripheral input for the control of sweating with regard to mean skin temperature (104) and time dependence (159) has been improved. Among internal temperature sensors those of the spinal cord have been extensively studies (25, 27, 32, 36, 42, 59-63, 71-75, 82, 83, 86, 113-115, 121, 150, 158) and demonstrated to have a sensitivity equal to that of the hypothalamic sensors (73, 75). 4. New hypotheses have been proposed describing the overall mechanism responsible for a constant temperature in the core (58, 96, 97, 135). These stimulating theories have been discussed briefly herein. Mechanisms for the defense against heat and against cold can be dissociated completely from one another. In the same way the control of autonomic responses can be dissociated from the control of behavioral responses. This suggests that temperature regulation is brought about by multiple independent feedback loops. The overall system is well described, in the author's opinion, by the theory of the adjustable set point with proportional control (47).
Thermoregulatory behavior and body temperature in chicks of willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus lagopus).
Clocal temperatures (Tcl) of outdoor living captive willow grouse chicks (Lagopus lagopus lagopus) were found to increase from 39.4 +/- 0.5 degrees C. the first day to 40.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C. the twelfth day after hatching. Average Tcl of adults was 40.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C. When left alone for 30 min. in a controlled test environment providing temperatures ranging from 21 degrees C. to 46 degrees C., the one day old chicks preferred significantly higher ambient temperatures than eight day old birds. Tcl was significantly lower in the chicks tested the day after hatching than in the older chicks. It is concluded that the chicks' thermoregulatory behavior is essential for maintaining homeothermia, and that the birds' thermoregulatory set-point is low the day after hatching and climbs to adult level during the first week.
[Origin of olfacto-gustatory allesthesia: comparative effects of vegetable oil and intragastric glucose].
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