Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M C White
Publications and source records attributed to M C White.
State epidemiology programs and state epidemiologists: results of a national survey.
In 1983, the State Epidemiologists in 46 States completed a survey questionnaire describing the professional qualifications, training, and experience of State health department epidemiologists and the scope of participation by the State Epidemiologists and their staffs in public health programs. The survey identified 224 State health department epidemiologists (estimated U.S. ratio 1.1 per million population). A State health department epidemiologist was most often male (80 percent), frequently (57 percent) was a physician, had an average age of 41 years, and had worked as an epidemiologist for 9 years. Participation in public health programs (either by supervising or providing consultation) by the State Epidemiologists and their staffs focused mainly on general epidemiology and communicable disease programs; fewer than half had participated in programs relating to the health of women and children, chronic diseases, injuries, or in other programs directed towards preventing premature mortality. Recently, the State Epidemiologists have been trying to broaden their activities into these areas; however, the demands created by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) will mostly likely slow this process. Based on the overall findings and collective experience, it was concluded that State health departments have too few epidemiologists to address the wide variety of important public health problems facing our communities. It was proposed that each State health department have at least four epidemiologists (including one or more physician epidemiologists) and at least one master's level biostatistician and that the epidemiologists-per-population ratio not be less than 1 per million.
Adult↗
Premarital rubella screening program: from identification to vaccination of susceptible women in the state of Hawaii.
Premarital rubella screening programs are effective in identifying women of childbearing age who are susceptible to rubella. There is concern, however, that once identified, susceptible women may not be subsequently vaccinated. Therefore, a study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a motivational letter mailed at the time of serologic testing. Rubella-susceptible women identified by a premarital screening program were randomly divided into two groups: one group of 134 received a motivational letter and one group of 143 did not. Three months later, 52 percent of the women in the motivational group had been vaccinated, compared with only 24 percent (P less than 0.05) of the women in the control group. In this study, a motivational letter was found to lead to a significant increase in rubella vaccination rates among susceptible women. With the increasing emphasis on rubella vaccination programs for adult women, active approaches are necessary to identify and vaccinate susceptible women.
Adult↗
A controlled trial of disease surveillance strategies.
Active surveillance techniques using routine telephone contacts with providers improved the reporting of measles, rubella, salmonellosis, and hepatitis by a factor of 4.6 among private physicians in Monroe County, New York, and increased reporting for these target diseases from all sources by 51 percent. The timeliness of reporting was not improved by active surveillance. Reporting patterns varied by disease and source of report, suggesting the desirability of various approaches to surveillance based on local resources and priorities. Although reporting rates were higher for diseases among persons from census tracts of low socioeconomic status, physicians providing care to persons living in low-income areas responded no differently to active reporting than did those providing care to patients from middle- and high-income areas.
Hepatitis↗
The polycystic ovary syndrome. 1. Pathogenesis.
Hirsutism, oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea, and infertility are common clinical problems for gynaecologists and endocrinologists. When hirsutism presents with one or other of these problems, the most likely cause is the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the first of two articles, the pathogenesis of PCOS is discussed.
Androgens↗
Polycystic ovary syndrome: 2. Diagnosis and management.
A number of disorders can produce the polycystic ovary syndrome. These disorders need to be recognized as specific treatment can result in resolution of the syndrome. Careful investigation of the clinical complaints should lead to appropriate treatment strategies.
Clomiphene↗
Surgical blood exposures after the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard: frequency and prevention.
1. Approximately 22.4 million surgical procedures are performed annually in US hospitals. Up to 2,688,000 personnel exposures to blood may occur annually. Punctures would account for 349,940 (13%) of those exposures, and 38,493 patients would have contact with blood from the punctured personnel. 2. Epidemiologists use parameters of time, place, and person to describe situations and identify prevention strategies: who is at increased risk, what devices and activities lead to more frequent exposures, when exposure frequency is greatest, and where blood contact actually occurs. The answers to these questions form the basis for successful prevention; without the correct answers operating rooms either miss the target or spend far too much money preventing low-risk events. 3. OSHA and previous researchers estimated that a substantial portion of blood exposures could be prevented by either changing certain practices such as passing loaded suture holders, or by protective attire such as fluid-resistant gowns.
Blood↗
Growth factor regulation of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in a human ovarian cell line: modulation by 17 beta-estradiol.
We have examined the effects of IL-6 and bFGF on growth and reductive 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) activity in a human ovarian cell line A2780 under defined culture conditions (standard RPMI (GM+PHR), phenol red-free RPMI (GM-PHR), or GM-PHR supplemented with 17 beta-estradiol). In media GM+PHR, neither factor influenced terminal cell density. However there was a 2-fold stimulation in 17-HSD activity (E1- > E2) in the presence of IL-6 and a 3-fold increase in the presence of bFGF. Cells cultured GM-PHR showed a 25-30% reduction in terminal cell density compared with cells cultured GM+PHR, and addition of factors resulted in a modest reduction (10-15%) in cell growth, with no detectable changes in 17-HSD. Addition of 17 beta-estradiol to GM-PHR cultures increased terminal cell density by up to 3-fold, with no effect on 17-HSD, and when combined with IL-6 or bFGF, a synergistic effect on growth was observed, but 17-HSD levels were unchanged. Our results suggest that cultured ovarian tumour cells respond to paracrine factors likely to be present in the ovary in vitro, and there is a possible interactive effect of estromedins with these factors.
Cell Division↗