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Biomedical subjects

M C Silva

Publications and source records attributed to M C Silva.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Augmented antibody response to live attenuated measles vaccine in children with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia.

The impact of malarial infection on the humoral immunological response to measles virus antigen was studied in 184 children aged 8-19 months in Guinea-Bissau. Pre- and post-immunization measles serology was performed using dried blood on absorbent paper and the ELISA technique. Blood smears obtained at the time of vaccination and 2 and 4 weeks afterwards were examined for malaria parasites. Pre-vaccination antibodies to measles were found in 44 out of 184 children (24%). Plasmodium falciparum was identified in 62 of the 132 initially non-immune children who completed the study. The rate of seroconversion was 127 out of 132 (96%). Post-immunization measles antibody titres were significantly higher in the vaccinees with P. falciparum than in those without malaria parasites in the blood.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Research testing nursing theory: state of the art.

The degree to which investigators have tested nursing theory through empirical research is analyzed. The analysis is based on 62 studies in which the nursing model of Johnson, Roy, Orem, Rogers, and/or Newman was used as a framework for the research. The analysis shows that of these 62 studies, only nine met specified evaluation criteria for the explicit testing of nursing theory. To better understand this finding, impediments and approaches to testing of nursing theory are discussed, as well as implications for nursing theory, research, and practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Comprehension of information for informed consent by spouses of surgical patients.

The adequacy of comprehension of the information needed for informed consent to participate in research on spouse responses to a husband's or wife's general surgery was assessed. Comprehension of information about the research study by 75 spouses was measured by the Informed Consent Questionnaire containing questions on study purpose, time involvement, nature of participation, risks, benefits, voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity. The result showed that 72 of the 75 spouses had adequate comprehension of the information for informed consent. Because adequate comprehension is atypical of most studies, possible reasons for this unexpected result are discussed and then explained within a self-determination theory of informed consent.

Comprehension↗
PubMed1985

Persistence of DNA lesions and the cytological cancellation of sister chromatid exchanges.

The ability of UV light, mitomycin C and ionizing radiation to induce the formation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at the same locus in successive cell generations was investigated in human lymphocytes. Cells were exposed to the DNA damaging agents after they had completed their first round of DNA replication, and SCEs were examined at the third division in chromosomes that had been differentially stained three ways. Although some of these treatments induced long-lived lesions that increased the frequency of SCEs in successive cell generations, none of the lesions led to the formation of consecutive SCEs at the same locus in successive cell generations. This observation seriously challenges the hypothesis that SCE cancellation results as a consequence of persistence of the lesions induced by these agents.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1984

Factors influencing comprehension of information for informed consent: ethical implications for nursing research.

Empirical studies on comprehension of information for informed consent show that research subjects often do not understand major portions of that to which they have consented. This raises the ethical question of whether or not the consent process has accomplished its purpose--the protection of the individual's right to self-determination. This article focuses on the following factors derived from the research literature that influence comprehension of information for informed consent: the nature of information, method of presentation of information, demographic factors, and personal factors. From these factors and methodological considerations, ethical implications for nursing research are addressed.

Comprehension↗
PubMed1984

An analysis of changing trends in philosophies of science on nursing theory development and testing.

The effects of changing trends in philosophies of science on nursing theory development and testing are analyzed. Two philosophies of science--logical empiricism and historicism--are compared for four variables: (1) components of science, (2) conception of science, (3) assessment of scientific progress, and (4) goal of philosophy of science. These factors serve as the basis for assessing trends in the development and testing of nursing theory from 1964 to the present. The analysis shows a beginning philosophic shift within nursing theory from logical empiricism to historicism and addresses implications and recommendations for future nursing theory development and testing.

Philosophy, Nursing↗
PubMed1984

The American Nurses' Association's Code for Nurses: purposes, content, and enforceability.

Using Levy's criteria of appraisal for a code of professional ethics, this article assesses the 1976 American Nurses' Association's Code for Nurses with Interpretive Statements in terms of purposes, specificity, inclusiveness, and enforceability. The assessment shows that the Code for Nurses meets generally accepted purposes for a code, contains enough specificity and inclusiveness to serve as a useful guide to professional conduct, and describes initial and follow-up action nurses can take when they witness questionable or inappropriate conduct that may adversely affect the patients' health care or safety. However, limited data are available regarding how the professional body has applied sanctions for violations of the Code. Further study on this matter is indicated and, fortunately, is forthcoming by ANA in an ongoing, planned survey.

American Nurses' Association↗
PubMed1983

The American Nurses' Association's position statement on nursing and social policy: philosophical and ethical dimensions.

This article analyses the American Nurses' Association's position statement on nursing and social policy. Specifically, its purpose is to highlight three themes suggested within the position statement: nursing as duty, nursing as moral art and nursing as autonomous profession. Questions are raised about the nature and significance of these themes as they relate to philosophical and ethical dimensions within nursing.

American Nurses' Association↗
PubMed1983

Integrating Health Education into Baccalaureate Nursing Education.

The nursing department's participation in the Project helped to clarify health education objectives within the curriculum process and this aided in evaluation of the effects of this essential component of nursing care. It had a further advantage of expanding our perspective of health education into an interdisciplinary focus. We will continue to integrate and evaluate the effects of the Project on our nursing curriculum. Ongoing evaluation of new approaches and their feasibility within nursing programs will have exciting implications for nursing education, and ultimately for nursing practice.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

[Enzymatic changes in cancer].

Several enzymes were estimated in different tumors. Ceruloplasmin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) showed a direct correlation with tumor growth and remission. The ratio LDH/PHI was low in solid tumors and high in lymphomas, suggesting a different metabolism.

Ceruloplasmin↗