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Biomedical subjects

M C Shannon

Publications and source records attributed to M C Shannon.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of Atriplex lines for selenium accumulation, salt tolerance and suitability for a key agricultural insect pest.

Thirty Atriplex lines were examined for potential habitat improvement and phytoremediation of selenium (Se) contaminated sites. Studies were conducted to determine the biomass production, Se accumulation, and resistance of each line to the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, an agriculturally important insect. Plants were tested using three salinity treatments: (1) control, no Se; (2) NaCl and CaCl2 salts and 1 mg l(-1) Se (12.7 microM) added as sodium selenate; and (3) iso-osmotic to treatment 2 containing high concentrations of sulfate and I mg l(-1) Se added as sodium selenate. Insect bioassays measured survival, growth, and development. Atriplex patula. A. spongiosa 415862, A. hortensis, A. hortensis 379088 and A. hortensis 379092 were among the top biomass producers and Se accumulators, yet they exhibited significantly reduced insect growth, development, and survival. High background sulfate strongly reduced Se accumulation, suggesting that phytoremediation potential is greatest in saline areas having low to moderate sulfate levels. However, these lines grew well in high salinity soils, indicating possible use as a self-seeding cover crop to improve habitat. All plant lines grown in control and high sulfate salinity treatments are acceptable oviposition sites for S. exigua, indicating that these plants would help reduce populations of this key agricultural pest.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A multifactorial approach to understanding anesthesia selection.

A full hospital cost accounting model to track the total costs of surgery and anesthesia for inpatients, from the perspective of a hospital CFO, utilizing time-allocation methodology is presented. This model was tested in a prospective multicenter economic clinical trial in three settings.

Accounting↗
PubMed1990

Electrostatic Changes in Lycopersicon esculentum Root Plasma Membrane Resulting from Salt Stress.

Salinity-induced alterations in tomato (Lypersicon esculentum Mill. cv Heinz 1350) root plasma membrane properties were studied and characterized using a membrane vesicle system. Equivalent rates of MgATP-dependent H(+)-transport activity were measured by quinacrine fluorescence (DeltapH) in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from control or salt-stressed (75 millimolar salt) tomato roots. However, when bis-[3-phenyl-5-oxoisoxazol-4-yl] pentamethine was used to measure MgATP-dependent membrane potential (DeltaPsi) formation, salt-stressed vesicles displayed a 50% greater initial quench rate and a 30% greater steady state quench than control vesicles. This differential probe response suggested a difference in surface properties between control and salt-stressed membranes. Fluorescence titration of vesicles with the surface potential probe, 8-anilino-1-napthalenesulphonic acid (ANS) provided dissociation constants (K(d)) of 120 and 76 micromolar for dye binding to control and salt-stressed vesicles, respectively. Membrane surface potentials (Psi(o)) of-26.0 and -13.7 millivolts were calculated for control and salt-stressed membrane vesicles from the measured K(d) values and the calculated intrinsic affinity constant, K(i). The concentration of cations and anions at the surface of control and salt-stressed membranes was estimated using Psi(o) values and the Boltzmann equation. The observed difference in membrane surface electrostatic properties was consistent with the measured differences in K(+)-stimulated kinetics of ATPase activity between control and salt-stressed vesicles and by the differential ability of Cl(-) ions to stimulate H(+)-transport activity. Salinity-induced changes in plasma membrane electrostatic properties may influence ion transport across the plasma membrane.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

A descriptive analysis of pharmacy continuing education offerings in 1985.

This study reports the results of a national survey of ACPE-approved provider continuing education offerings during 1985. The study was designed to identify frequently-presented topics, characterize types of programs offered, describe the providers offering programs and detail continuing education activities on a regional basis. Data were requested through the mail and the ACPE "program description form" was used as the source of the study data. Two hundred and one (84.1%) ACPE-approved providers from eight regions of the country and Puerto Rico participated and data from 2,461 programs were analyzed. Differences and similarities among programs offered and characteristics of providers were reported. Additional information was generated on when programs were offered, methods of presentation, average tuition charged and average credit hours offered. Significant differences were noted. Comparisons with previous national studies were made where possible. Among the findings was: an impact by mandatory continuing education requirements on the number of programs available; an increase in average program tuition charges; a decrease in the average number of credit hours per program; and an increase in competition among providers. Programs provided a rich variety of offerings, required a moderate tuition charge, were offered in every month, and used many different formats and delivery methods.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1984

A behavioral technique for recovery from the psychological trauma of hysterectomy.

Three groups of women (ns = 10) undergoing hysterectomy were subjects in an evaluation of biofeedback and relaxation techniques applied to recovery from psychological trauma of hysterectomy. Dependent measures included requests of pain medications, anxiety levels, finger-tip temperature, subjective units of discomfort, and number of days post-operative care. Although the results were mixed on most variables, the number of days post-operative care was significantly less in the relaxation/biofeedback group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Budgetary considerations in planning pharmacy continuing education programs.

This article presents three years of financial data on pharmacy continuing education programs offered by a college of pharmacy. Forty-one programs were offered resulting in the generation of 35,702 instructional units of activity and 3028.8 CEUs. Total costs were $295,797.00 of which $125,822.00 was for direct costs. Income totaled $127,754.00. Costs and income per registrant, instructional unit, and program are presented, as are comparative data by program type for the three-year period. The total cost of one hour of programming for one participant was $8.29. Some thoughts on who should pay for the costs of CE for professionals are presented. Figures are discussed in light of situational factors influencing program delivery. Staff productivity was determined to be 11.7 programs per FTE or 13.7 programs per year. This last figure translated to serving 2,654 participants per year. Total income accounted for only 43.2 percent of total expenses. Increase in registration fees was suggested as one way to offset all expenses.

Budgets↗
PubMed1979

Histones and histone-DNA ratios in diploid and polyploid cottons.

Histones are nuclear proteins which repress gene transcription and modify chromosome structure. They are remarkably conservative in structure throughout a wide evolutionary array of plants and animals; however, quantitative histone differences have been detected by cytological means in species having extra chromosomes. The purpose of this study was to: 1) isolate and characterize the histones of several Gossypium species and 2) relate differences to known differences in vigor, ploidy level, and genome constitution or size. Histones extracted from isolated nuclei of leaf tissues were characterized by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels into 14 subfractions of the five major histone classes. The subfractions were identified by various means including co-electrophoresis with known histone standards. Densitometric analysis revealed only slight quantitative differences in subfraction ratios between species. Histone-DNA ratios were significantly higher in the pentaploid species. This observed increase is considered a result of genome imbalance. These data support the premise that histones may function as generalized gene deactivators in plant species having multiple genomes.

Diploidy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ion partitioning among soil and plant components under drip, furrow, and sprinkler irrigation regimes: field and modeling assessments.

Soil and water resources can be severely degraded by salinity when total salt input exceeds output in irrigated agriculture. This study was conducted to examine partitioning of Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- between soil and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants under different irrigation regimes with both field and modeling assessments. In drip and sprinkler treatments, the irrigation water was salinized with NaCl and CaCl2 salts to simulate a Cl- and Na+ dominant saline drainage water. In the furrow irrigation treatment, the soil was salinized, prior to planting, with NaCl and CaCl2 salts to simulate a Cl- and Na+ dominant saline soil. A total of 756 soil and 864 plant samples were collected and analyzed for the salt ions to obtain ion partitioning and mass balance assessments. Modeling of salt ion uptake by plants and distribution in the soil profile was performed with a two-dimensional solute transport model for the three irrigation regimes. Results indicated that about 20% of the applied Ca2+ was recovered in harvested soybean biomass in all treatments. Plant uptake of either Na+ or Cl- was less than 0.5% in the drip and furrow, and about 2% in the sprinkler irrigation treatment. Significant increases in soil salinity were found in the sprinkler plot that received the highest cumulative amount of salts. Simulated ion distributions in the soil were comparable with the measurements. Compared with the total seasonal salt input, mass balances between 65 and 108% were obtained. Most salt inputs accumulate in the soil, and need to be removed periodically to prevent soil salinization.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A tale of two problems.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Pharmacy, Continuing↗