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Biomedical subjects

M C Moore

Publications and source records attributed to M C Moore.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of epidermal growth factor and artificial feeding in suckling rats.

To evaluate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in dietary milk, a new method of delivering an artificial (EGF-deficient) formula was developed using 42 rat pups, 1-14 days of age. In a second study the effect of EGF was evaluated in suckling rats from 3-11 days of age: group 1, mother-fed; group 2, mother-fed plus daily injections of EGF (0.1 micrograms/g body weight); group 3, artificial milk fed with added EGF (62 ng/ml); and group 4, artificial milk fed without EGF. Each group consists of nine rats. In group 2 there was premature eye opening and tooth eruption and a significant reduction in body weight and weight of liver, kidney, thyroid, and thymus but an increase in length of the intestine and weights of stomach, pancreas, lung, and adrenal (p less than 0.04), when compared to group 1. Both groups 3 and 4 showed premature tooth eruption and eye opening, and their body weights and most organ weights were similar to group 2; exceptions were a smaller stomach, thyroid, thymus, lung, and adrenal, which were similar to those in group 1. In addition, intestinal length in groups 3 and 4 were similar to the mother-fed EGF-treated pups (group 2). There was no difference in intestinal length between the artificially fed pups, whether or not they received oral EGF. These findings demonstrate a new and effective technique of artificial feeding and suggest that the increase in intestinal length caused by injections of EGF (0.1 micrograms/g body weight) can also be induced by feeding an artificial milk with or without physiologic levels of EGF.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a pediatric multiple vitamin preparation for total parenteral nutrition in infants and children. I. Blood levels of water-soluble vitamins.

This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the response to the only intravenous vitamin preparation (MVI Pediatric) for infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition. Eighteen preterm infants (group 1), 26 term infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 2 to 4 weeks (group 2A), and eight infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 3 to 6 months (group 2B) were studied. Term gestation infants and children up to 11 years of age received daily vitamin doses that approximated the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances and coincided with the 1975 American Medical Association Nutrition Advisory Group total parenteral nutrition dosage guidelines for children weighing more than 10 kg. Preterm infants received 65% of these dosages. RBC transketolase (vitamin B1), glutathione reductase (B2), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (B6) activities were maintained at normal levels, and niacin levels were maintained within the reference range (7.1 +/- 0.32 micrograms/mL) in all study patients. Pantothenate, biotin, and ascorbate were maintained at reference levels in groups 2A and 2B. In group 1, ascorbic acid was increased significantly during treatment from 1.53 +/- 0.16 to 3.60 by seven days and to 2.54 +/- 0.62 by day 28 of treatment (reference normals = 0.99 +/- 0.1 mg/dL). RBC folate was maintained within the reference range of 411 +/- 76 pg/mL; however, pantothenate and biotin levels increased significantly to more than 2 SD above reference values during treatment, and vitamin B12 levels, which were above the reference range initially, were maintained at more than 2 SD above the reference range throughout treatment. The elevation in vitamin B12 was seen in both group 1 and 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1986

Epidermal growth factor in human milk and the effects of systemic EGF injection on intestinal calcium transport in suckling rats.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types, including intestinal epithelium; it is the agent in human milk that induces mitosis in human fibroblast culture. It has been postulated that EGF in human milk may play an important role in the normal intestinal maturation since specific EGF receptors are present on the surface of intestinal cells. For this reason, human milk samples from mothers delivering prematurely, as well as at term gestation, were analyzed for their content of EGF. Samples from mothers delivering prematurely showed levels of 70 +/- 5 ng ml-1 and those delivering at term had levels of 68 +/- 19 ng ml-1. There was no diurnal variation and no change with length of lactation up to 50 days. Although previous studies demonstrated that subcutaneous injections of EGF given to suckling rats caused changes in morphology and enzyme activities, no studies had demonstrated that EGF caused changes in function. We injected two-week-old suckling rats and three-week-old weanling rats with 0.1 microgram of g-1 BW twice daily for three days. EGF treatment caused a decrease in somatic weight gain, an increase in weight per unit length of bowel, an increase in lactose specific activity and an increase in net calcium transport. In contrast to the two-week-old suckling rats, the EGF had no effect on intestinal function although somatic weight gain was also depressed in three-week-old animals. These findings demonstrate that human milk contains substantial amounts of EGF and that systemic injections of EGF can cause both morphological and functional changes in the intestinal tract of suckling rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sex steroid hormones during the ovarian cycle of an all-female, parthenogenetic lizard and their correlation with pseudosexual behavior.

Cnemidophorus uniparens is a unisexual lizard that reproduces by parthenogenesis. Individuals of this species display male-like and female-like copulatory behaviors during different phases of the ovarian cycle suggesting that these pseudocopulatory behaviors are hormonally activated. To learn more about both the endocrinology of parthenogenesis and the possible hormonal activation of male-like copulatory behavior in female individuals, we (1) characterized changes in plasma levels of the sex steroid hormones progesterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17 beta-estradiol during the ovarian cycle in both free-living and captive individuals, and (2) measured sex steroid hormones in plasma collected from captive individuals immediately after they expressed male-like or female-like copulatory behavior. In general, the pattern of secretion of ovarian hormones in C. uniparens appears to be similar to that of other oviparous vertebrates with similar reproductive cycles. Estradiol is elevated only during the preovulatory phase, whereas progesterone increases slightly during vitellogenesis and then increases dramatically following ovulation. Circulating levels of androgen are very low and are generally below the sensitivity of our radioimmunoassay at all stages of the ovarian cycle. The hormonal correlates of female-like copulatory behavior suggest that, as in other vertebrates, female receptivity is activated by a synergism of estradiol and progesterone. There is no evidence that the hormonal cycle has been altered to produce elevated levels of androgens during the phase of the cycle when male-like behavior is expressed. Rather it seems more likely that the central nervous system has evolved a novel response to a typical pattern of ovarian steroid hormone secretion. At present, the best hormonal correlate of male-like behavior is that changes in plasma levels of progesterone closely parallel changes in probability of expressing male-like behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Tube feeding of infants and children.

Advances in tube feeding methods, equipment, and formulas have helped to make this form of nutritional support appropriate for and well tolerated by children with a wide variety of clinical problems. This article describes advances in the field of enteral feeding and discusses the management of common problems associated with this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for androgen independence of male mounting behavior in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii).

Previous experiments have shown that expression of mounting behavior in sexually inexperienced, adult male white-crowned sparrows does not require elevated plasma levels of androgen; adult males maintained on nonstimulatory short days mount sexually receptive females. The experiments reported here demonstrate that (1) sexually inexperienced, prepubertal males maintained on nonstimulatory short days show very low mounting rates in response to female sexual displays; (2) these males exhibit high mounting rates when exposed to stimulatory long days but androgen treatment on short days is ineffective in stimulating high mounting rates; and (3) prepubertal castration has no effect on the expression of mounting behavior by photostimulated adult males. Thus, there is no evidence that mounting behavior of adult male white-crowned sparrows depends on androgen.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Dietary-atherosclerosis study on deceased persons.

Relation of certain market foods to raised coronary lesions. By M. C. Moore, M. A. Guzmán, P. E. Schilling, and J. P. Strong, J. Am. Dietet. A. 79:668, 1981. Dietary patterns of 253 deceased men, as reported by their spouses, were related significantly to atherosclerotic lesions when assessed by the food sources in their diets. Using the macronutrients--protein, fat and carbohydrate--to identify and quantify the food sources in their diets, researchers found lesser lesions to be related to intakes of legumes, grains, and vegetables, while higher lesions were related, but to a lesser degree, to intakes of beef, milk, and fruit. It is concluded that dietary mixing of foods could have either enhanced or obscured the degree of these relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Removal of cimetidine by peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and charcoal hemoperfusion.

Dialysis clearance of cimetidine in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion was compared in stable and seriously ill patients. Two methods of determining dialysis clearance were employed, one of which was the method employed for cimetidine previously in the literature. Cimetidine clearance was lowest for peritoneal dialysis (5 ml/min), intermediate for hemodialysis (28 ml/min), and greatest for hemoperfusion (85 ml/min). Using both methods to calculate dialysis clearance, we found that cimetidine clearance during dialysis has been overestimated. In addition, pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that peritoneal and hemodialysis apparently removed cimetidine from the central compartment only, whereas hemoperfusion apparently removed drug from the peripheral compartment as well. A possible mechanism to explain this difference is based on the observation that hemodynamic changes occur during hemodialysis that may not be seen during hemoperfusion. No dosage adjustment need be made when patients receiving cimetidine undergo any form of dialysis; hemoperfusion may be of some benefit in removing drug from the central as well as tissue compartments in an acute overdose situation.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Selectivity of the micro-leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in pancreatic cancer.

A modified leukocyte adherence inhibition assay was performed on white blood cells from patients with ductal pancreatic cancer, other malignancies, benign gastrointestinal diseases including pancreatitis, and healthy controls, using four different ductal pancreatic cancer membrane preparations and similar preparations from gastric and colorectal cancers. A mean adherence index of less than or equal to 0.2 was evidence that the leukocytes "recognized" the antigen(s). In 9 of 10 patients with localized pancreatic cancer, 13 of 15 leukocyte populations "recognized" the pancreatic cancer antigen(s) and not other tested antigen(s). Leukocytes from only 11 of 18 patients (17 of 29 assays) with metastatic pancreatic cancer "recognized" the pancreatic tumor antigen (and no other antigen). The inability to recognize the pancreatic tumor antigen(s) was not related to nutritional, biochemical or therapeutic status of the patient, but was related to the demonstration of a response to skin test antigens. In contrast, 3 of 35 leukocyte populations in 2 of 31 patients with malignancies other than pancreatic, 1 of 28 with benign gastrointestinal disease, and one of 38 healthy control populations "recognized" the antigen. The LAI is worthy of further study in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Adapting the 24-hr. recall for epidemiologic studies of school children.

Chemical analysis of food actually eaten would be the most accurate method for analyzing the diets of children, but this technique is not feasible for most nutrition staffs. An improved 24-hr. dietary recall can be used by a small, well trained staff to collect more reliable data on a large number of school children. Vigilant monitoring of school lunch operations, incorporation of known recipes in the ETNV, and organizing probing techniques are necessary to insure the reliability of the tool. The low coefficients of variation of duplicate recalls noted in the study indicate that the error of measurement between interviewers is small, if the tool is carefully tested and sophisticated before use in the field and if observers are carefully trained by a written protocol.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Dietary-atherosclerosis study on deceased persons. Relation of selected dietary components to raised coronary lesions.

Dietary histories for 253 deceased New Orleans men were obtained retrospectively by interviewing respondents who had shared the household with these men for an average of eighteen years. Each respondent answered a detailed questionnaire designed to elicit the usual twenty-eight-day pattern of food intake of the subject during the terminal year of his life. This information was then used to calculate the average daily intake of selected dietary components. The cases included in the dietary studies were a sub-sample of cases in the International Atherosclerosis Project and were also studied for cigarette smoking habits. Analyses were performed to determine possible associations of nutrient intakes during the terminal year of life with the extent of raised lesion involvement in the three main coronary arteries measured at autopsy. These analyses indicated that higher intakes of protein of vegetal origin, total carbohydrate, starch, and crude fiber are associated with less atherosclerotic lesion involvement. For other components (total calories, total protein, animal protein, total fat, animal or vegetal fat, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, total sugars, and cholesterol), there were no indications that the daily consumption was related to atherosclerotic lesions found at autopsy. When the diet-lesion relationships were examined on the basis of nutrient-to-calorie ratios, starch and vegetal protein were associated with less atherosclerotic lesion involvement in the coronaries, while animal protein and fat, regardless of source, were associated with greater atherosclerotic lesion involvement. These results suggest that, in general, the consumption of more foods of vegetal origin may be related to a lesser degree of atherosclerotic involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Dietary-atherosclerosis study on deceased persons. Relation of eating pattern to raised coronary lesions.

Eating patterns of 456 New Orleans males, ages twenty to sixty years, indicate that clock-time and frequency of ingesting foods may help define life styles related to raised coronary lesions. Age, race, and occupation were also related to raised coronary lesions. The multiplicity of variables and strong interrelationships make evaluation difficult, but results from correlation studies, analyses of variance, and discriminant function analyses suggest that the number of meals plus heavy snacks, frequency of intake of caffeine and alcoholic beverages, and cigarette smoking rate for the last ten years of life may be valid factors in relation to development of atherosclerotic lesions. In other words, not only what we eat, as is now generally accepted, but how and when we eat it, merit consideration in studying the etiology of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗