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Biomedical subjects

M C Henry

Publications and source records attributed to M C Henry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in rural areas of Côte d'Ivoire.

In vivo testing of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine was carried out in four rural sites of differing socio-geographical environment in Côte d'Ivoire. Of a total of 1282 patients of all ages with fever or previous history of fever, 649 were slide positive, with 435 patients with a pure P. falciparum infection; 191 fulfilled all the criteria for inclusion in this study, and 113 completed it. Treatment failure rates ranged from 9.7% (Djébonoua) to 38.1% (Tiéviéssou), and were most often associated with higher degrees of resistance (RII = 54.2%; RIII = 37.5%). Blood chloroquine levels measured by ELISA test suggest that many people take chloroquine routinely; furthermore 37.5% of resistance cases occurred in subjects who had high blood chloroquine concentrations on day 0. Twenty-three out of 24 cases of resistance were found in children under 7 years of age. Nearly all children with persisting parasitaemia were afebrile on day 7, even those (7/8) with RIII resistance. Children aged < 7 years represent the the best sentinel group for monitoring P. falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine in Côte d'Ivoire.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Alterations in renal gluconeogenesis and blood flow during hemorrhagic shock.

The role of renal gluconeogenesis following hemorrhagic shock was studied. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in fasted, anesthesized rats by reduction of blood pressure to 40 mm Hg for either 30 or 150 min. Plasma samples were obtained for plasma glucose determination, and right renal arterial blood flow was determined with the help of an ultrasonic transit time blood flowmeter in hemorrhagic shock and control rats. The kidney was perfused via the renal artery with 37 degrees C oxygenated, glucose-free Krebs-Henseleit solution in the presence of 100 microM phloridzin to inhibit the cellular reuptake of glucose. Renal glucose production was determined by measuring glucose in both renal vein effluent and urine. After 30 min of equilibration, 5 mM lactate and 0.5 mM pyruvate were added to the perfusate as a gluconeogenic substrate, and effluent samples were collected after 5, 10, and 15 min. Moderate hyperglycemia was observed in vivo following 30 min of hemorrhagic shock, and significant hypoglycemia (P < .05) was observed following 150 min of hemorrhagic shock. Renal arterial flow was significantly decreased at 30 min (P < .05) and 150 min (P < .05) of hemorrhagic shock. Renal glucose production with and without substrate after 30 min of hemorrhagic shock was similar compared to control. Renal glucose production after 150 min of hemorrhagic shock was significantly decreased (P < .05) compared to control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Opportunistic parasitic diseases in Africa. Clinical aspects and diagnosis].

Opportunistic parasitic infections are diagnosed more and more often in African patients with AIDS. Cryptosporidiosis is the most frequent with a prevalence between 7 and 31%. The prevalence of Isospora belli is between 5 and 19% and that of strongyloidiasis between 2 and 5%, depending on the authors. These parasitic infections are probably one of the frequent causes of chronic diarrhea in Africa. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis are not well known. (Between 5 and 17% for toxoplasmosis and 29% for pneumocystosis). The diagnostic technics used are those currently known. Toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis seen in these patients have the same presentations as those in developed countries.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The onchocerciasis focus at Kinsuka/Kinshasa (Republic of Zaire) in 1985. I. Entomological aspect.

The entomological aspect of the onchocerciasis focus at Kinsuka/Kinshasa has not been studied since vector control was carried out in 1948. As in 1940, larvae of Simulium damnosum s.l. are located in the arm of the Zaire River flowing between Mimosa Island and the Zairian bank. They are, however, scarce. Cytotaxonomic studies showed that the S. squamosum group was the only member of the S. damnosum complex present in the region of Kinshasa. Physico-chemical analysis of the water at breeding sites determined that S. squamosum larvae develop in neutral or acid water with a conductivity of less than 50 micronhos cm-1 and a low concentration of dissolved salts. Longitudinal study showed that the 'annual biting rate' (ABR) and the 'annual transmission potential' (ATP) fluctuate from 2406-5999 bites man-1 year-1 and from 120-236 infective larvae man-1 year-1 respectively. The low transmission rate at Kinsuka is mainly due to the low level of the biting population occurring during the main river rising. The increase in Kinsuka's population has reinforced this situation by 'diluting' the parasite in the human reservoir.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The onchocerciasis focus at Kinsuka/Kinshasa (Republic of Zaire) in 1985. II. Parasitological and clinical aspects.

Since the antivectorial control in 1948, the parasitological and clinical aspects of the onchocerciasis focus at Kinsuka/Kinshasa have not been studied further until now. The population examined was selected for its daily contact with the vector. It constituted 143 adults, including fishermen, stonebreakers and women cultivators, and 26 children aged from 10 to 16 years. People were subjected to an ophthalmological examination as well as to an investigation for Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. Adults were examined for the presence of nodules as well as for dermal and lymphatic manifestations of onchocerciasis. The microfilaria carrier rate (MfCR) was 59.2%. The mean microfilaria density (MfD) was 9.7 mf mg-1. Only 20% of the adults presented with small onchocercal nodules. Cutaneous lesions were mild. Lymphatic complications such as adenolymphocele, hydrocele and elephantiasis of the lower limbs were observed in 18% of the adults. No one was blind from onchocerciasis, although nine patients of 60 years or over had lost the use of one eye. Punctate keratitis occurred commonly in young people. Ocular lesions, except for punctate keratitis, developed progressively after 55 years and they became worse with the degree of infection, age and length of stay. Hyperendemic and insufferable in 1940, onchocerciasis has become, in 1985, hypoendemic and no longer a public health problem. One could deduce that a situation similar to that in Kinsuka may occur within 30 years in other foci which are today hyperendemic and where prophylaxis has been started.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Parasitological observations of chronic diarrhoea in suspected AIDS adult patients in Kinshasa (Zaire).

The parasitological profile of chronic diarrhoea in 46 Zairian adults suspected of Aids demonstrated that the frequency of protozoa was five times higher than that of helminths; 86% of the protozoa were sporozoa: Isospora belli was the most frequent (19%), followed by Cryptosporidium isolated for the first time in Zaire (8%) and Blastocystis hominis (2%). 37 of the 46 patients were immunodeficient.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary data on the genetic differentiation of Onchocerca volvulus in Africa (Nematoda: Filarioidea).

Data are reported on the genetic structure of three Onchocerca volvulus populations, respectively from Mali (savanna), Ivory Coast (forest), and Zaire (forest gallery in savanna). Electrophoretic analysis, carried out on 25 gene-enzyme systems, has shown a remarkable genetic heterogeneity existing within O.volvulus. Zaire and West Africa populations appear chiefly differentiated at Mdh-1 and 6Pgdh loci, their average Nei's genetic distance being 0.11. In West Africa Nei's D found between the savanna and forest samples is 0.04. The savanna population from Zaire is more similar to the savanna one from Mali (D = 0.09) than to the forest one from Ivory Coast (D = 0.13). This appears mainly due to the loci Ldh and Hbdh (possibly linked), some alleles of which seem to be selected for in forest populations (Ldh110, Hbdh108), while others in the savanna ones (Ldh100, Hbdh100). The hypothesis that the discrepant epidemiological patterns of human onchocerciasis are related to intrinsic differences in the parasite seems supported by the obtained data. The differences in allele frequencies found at the reported loci appear strong enough to allow biochemical identification of O. volvulus populations from different geographic regions and different habitats.

Alleles↗