Intraocular cryptococcosis: imaging findings.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M C Han
Publications and source records attributed to M C Han.
Retroperitoneal neurilemoma: CT and MR findings.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize the CT and MR imaging findings of retroperitoneal neurilemomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT and MR imaging findings in six women with retroperitoneal neurilemomas. RESULTS: Retroperitoneal neurilemomas were round, 5-13 cm in diameter, and located in the presacral pelvic retroperitoneum in four patients and adjacent to the kidney in two patients. CT findings of the tumors were well-demarcated round masses showing prominent cystic changes and oriented in a somewhat radial fashion. Medium and heavily T2-weighted MR images showed high-intensity necrotic areas and nonnecrotic areas of various signal intensity. CONCLUSION: CT findings of a round mass with prominent cystic degeneration, along with certain MR imaging characteristics, may be helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal neurilemomas.
Adult↗
Bronchial stenosis due to endobronchial tuberculosis: successful treatment with self-expanding metallic stent.
Endobronchial tuberculosis is present in 10-40% of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and more than 90% of the patients with endobronchial tuberculosis have some degree of bronchial stenosis. The primary treatment for tuberculous bronchial stenosis is antituberculous chemotherapy combined with steroids, but some patients do not respond well, and more aggressive treatment is needed to restore the patency of the involved bronchus. Balloon dilatation of tuberculous bronchial stenosis has been reported to be successful. However, in our experience, balloon dilatation of the stenotic segment has not significantly improved patients' clinical symptoms except in those with very short segmental stenosis. We describe a case of tuberculous bronchial stenosis that was successfully treated with Gianturco self-expanding metallic stents.
Adult↗
Calcified bladder tumors. CT features.
CT scans of the pelvis in 132 patients with bladder tumor were reviewed. Calcifications in the bladder tumor were found in 11 men (8%) including transitional cell carcinoma (n = 6), mucinous adenocarcinoma (n = 4), and malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (n = 1). Calcifications in transitional cell carcinoma were located on the surface of the tumor in all 6 cases: they were nodular in 4 cases, nodular and arched in one, and plaque-like massive calcification in one. In mucinous adenocarcinoma multiple fine punctate calcifications were scattered within the mass in all 4 cases. The CT appearance of calcifications in bladder tumors may be helpful in predicting the histologic type of the tumor.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
MR imaging of acute renal cortical necrosis. A case report.
MR imaging of a patient with acute renal cortical necrosis secondary to massive bleeding following an abortion is presented. The kidneys were enlarged with a high signal intensity observed in the renal cortex on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Follow-up MR imaging showed thinned renal cortex of low signal intensity on both pulse sequences representing renal cortical calcification which was confirmed on conventional radiography and CT.
Abortion, Induced↗
Acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. MR imaging of the kidney.
MR imaging of the kidney was performed in 6 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) secondary to rhabdomyolysis caused by snake bite (n = 4), crush injury (n = 1), and carbon monoxide poisoning (n = 1). A test for urine myoglobin was positive in all 6 patients and MR imaging was done 6 to 18 days after the causative event of the rhabdomyolysis. MR images in all 6 patients showed globular swelling of the kidneys, preserved corticomedullary contrast on T1-weighted images, and obliteration of corticomedullary contrast on T2-weighted images. Unlike other medical renal diseases in which corticomedullary contrast is lost on T1-weighted images, preservation of the corticomedullary contrast on T1-weighted MR images with globular renal swelling was a constant finding in patients with ARF secondary to rhabdomyolysis.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with gallium-67 scan and computed tomography.
We evaluated 23 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with 67Ga imaging to assess its usefulness in the diagnosis of this condition. We performed computed tomography (CT) in 17 patients to assess CT features of extrapulmonary TB in comparison with findings from 67Ga scans. Nineteen of 23 patients (83%) had positive findings on 67Ga scans. One of five patients with tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy, two patients with cervical lymphadenitis and a patient with renal TB had negative 67Ga scans. It was observed that the detection of previously unrecognized primary foci of TB, without concomitant pulmonary TB, was possible using 67Ga imaging in five patients (22%). The 67Ga scan was relatively sensitive for the localization of extrapulmonary TB. It is suggested that the 67Ga scan could serve as a screening method, when followed by CT and ultrasonography, for the initial detection of occult tuberculous lesions, especially in patients with prolonged fever.
Adult↗
Interrelationship between histopathologic characteristics of melanoma and estrogen receptor status.
To evaluate whether the increase in disease-free survival and survival previously reported for women with melanomas with estrogen receptors (ER) was a reflection of the histopathology of the primary melanoma, the interrelationship of histopathologic characteristics of 143 patients with such tumors was examined. The ER was assayed in the primary tumor from 44 patients and in 99 metastatic deposits from the other patients. Tumor thickness, level of invasion, prognostic index, mitoses/mm2, ulceration, vascular invasion, necrosis, histologic grade, preexisting nevus, and predominant malignant cell type were examined. There was no relationship between ER presence and any histopathologic characteristic examined, irrespective of the tumor source (primary or metastatic). Examination of histopathologic characteristics as a function of sex and receptor status showed a slight but insignificant predominance of more well-differentiated, thinner tumors in women whose lesions were positive for the ER. These results suggest that the increased disease-free survival in patients with ER-positive lesions is not attributable to the pathologic characteristics of the primary tumor examined during this study.
Female↗
MR findings in liver adenomatosis.
Liver adenomatosis is a rare entity in which multiple hepatic adenomas (more than 10) occur in patients with no prior history of oral contraceptives or androgenic steroid use. This report describes findings of this entity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and discusses the differential diagnosis of this disease.
Adenoma↗
Intraoperative sonography of hepatocellular carcinoma: detection of lesions and validity in surgical resection.
Eighty-six hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 67 patients were examined by intraoperative sonography. Sensitivity for detecting tumors with intraoperative sonography was compared with sonography, computed tomography (CT), hepatic angiography, and CT after intraarterial injection of iodized poppy-seed oil (Lipiodol-CT). The overall sensitivities were 76% with sonography, 86% with CT, 89% with angiography, 96% with Lipiodol-CT, and 98% with intraoperative sonography. The differences in sensitivity between intraoperative sonography and sonography (p less than 0.01), CT (p less than 0.01), and angiography (p less than 0.05) were significant. In 35 lesions smaller than 2 cm, the sensitivities of Lipiodol-CT and intraoperative sonography were high (91 and 94%, respectively). In operating field, tumors were invisible in 36 (42%) and nonpalpable in 31 of 86 cases (36%). In 35 tumors smaller than 2 cm, invisible tumors were 66% and nonpalpable tumors were 63%. However, 84 of 86 cases (98%) could be localized with intraoperative sonography. These results suggest that intraoperative sonography is the final diagnostic imaging procedure before surgical resection of tumors and in cases of invisible and nonpalpable tumors in the operating field, this procedure is mandatory to improve surgical results.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Diffuse intestinal arteriovenous malformation in a child.
Mesenteric arteriovenous fistulas or arteriovenous malformations of the intestine are relatively rare, especially in the form of diffuse disease. We describe a case of diffuse intestinal arteriovenous malformation associated with congestive heart failure and cutaneous hemangioma.
Arteriovenous Malformations↗
Penile hemangioma: US and MR imaging demonstration.
A case of a penile hemangioma is reported. The mass had hypoechogenicity on ultrasonography (US) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image. MR images clearly demonstrated the extent of the lesion, especially deep extension into the corpus cavernosum.
Adult↗
Estrous cycle dependence of nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat mammary gland.
Virgin 50-55-day-old rats exhibiting regular estrous cycles were injected i.v. with the direct acting carcinogen 1-nitroso-1-methylurea (NMU) on the morning of proestrus, estrus, or diestrus. Rats were killed at weekly intervals following NMU administration to identify source and number of microscopically identifiable dysplasias. Terminal end bud (TEB) abnormalities appeared within 1 week following NMU administration, with a significantly greater number of abnormal TEBs in mammary glands of rats injected on proestrus (PE) and estrus (E) than on diestrus (DE). Ductal (DH) and ductal alveolar hyperplasias (DAH) and hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) appeared during week 3, with significantly more of each type of lesion appearing by 6 weeks after NMU injection. HAN were most numerous in glands from rats injected on estrus. Adenocarcinomas arose from both the proximal and distal ductal network; at 10 and 12 weeks post NMU, significantly more tumors were found in rats injected on proestrus than diestrus and estrus. These results support the theory that the hormonal environment at the time of NMU administration significantly alters early development of mammary tumors in the rat.
Analysis of Variance↗
Congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula in the adult.
Five patients with congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula confirmed by fistulectomy are presented. Clinical symptoms were chronic or recurrent pulmonary infection, and three patients experienced coughing after swallowing. Pre-operative oesophagograms demonstrated broncho-oesophageal fistulas in all five patients. The fistulous communications were from the lower oesophagus to segmental bronchi of the lower lobe and to the left main bronchus. The fistulas showed smooth marginated serpentine margins with areas of internal trabeculation, and in two patients the fistulas communicated with anomalous bronchi. One patient had anomalous bronchi and subsequently underwent lobectomy which showed microscopic findings of intralobar sequestration. The oesophagus showed localized tenting with its apex to the fistula and mild ipsilateral displacement in four patients.
Adult↗
Tumours involving the intrathoracic vagus and phrenic nerves demonstrated by computed tomography: anatomical features.
Four cases of mediastinal tumours involving the intrathoracic vagus and phrenic nerves are presented and their computed tomographic (CT) features are described with particular attention to the intrathoracic course of these nerves. One case of mediastinal plexiform neurofibromatosis appeared as a series of low attenuation masses along the intrathoracic course of the nerves. Three examples of neurilemmomas of the vagus nerve appeared as masses with central low attenuation; one in the retrocaval area, one to the left of the aortic arch, and one in the right paraoesophageal area. Familiarity with the CT anatomy of the vagus and phrenic nerves will greatly assist in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumours.
Adolescent↗
Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava with Budd-Chiari syndrome: MR imaging findings.
Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a curable cause of a primary type of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and vena cavography were performed on nine patients with membranous obstruction of the IVC. The MR findings were retrospectively analyzed and compared with computed tomographic findings in seven patients. The morphologic features of membranous obstruction of the IVC on spin-echo MR images were a curvilinear soft-tissue membrane (five cases) or an obliterated lumen of a hepatic segment of the IVC (four cases) in transverse or sagittal views. The lumen below the obstruction revealed flow-related signal (seven cases), intraluminal thrombus (one case), and thrombotic occlusion (one case). The hepatic veins were narrow and disoriented without connection to the hepatic segment of the IVC just below the diaphragm. On T2-weighted images, inhomogeneity with high signal intensity was shown more prominently in the hepatic parenchyma in Simson type II or III membranous obstruction. Other findings were hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged caudate lobe, cirrhotic liver, associated hepatoma, and presence of various collaterals.
Adult↗
Retained intrahepatic stones: treatment with piezoelectric lithotripsy combined with stone extraction.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed in 11 patients with oriental cholangiohepatitis and intrahepatic stones associated with segmented strictures of intrahepatic ducts. All patients had previously undergone biliary surgery and basket extraction via a T-tube tract at the time of lithotripsy. The indication for ESWL was failure of, or anticipated difficulty with, basket extraction of the stones via a T-tube tract. A piezoelectric lithotriptor was used in all procedures. The average total number of shock waves administered was 29,756 (range, 10,000-61,395). The average number of treatment sessions was 3.1 (range, 1-6); the number of shock waves used in a single session ranged from 10,000 to 15,000 with a frequency of five shots per second and 30%-50% power. In six patients, the stones were successfully fragmented and completely removed; in three of the others of the stones were fragmented and removed. The overall success rate, including complete (54%) and incomplete (27%) success, was 82%. Difficulty in targeting stones, and severe strictures and deformities of intrahepatic ducts, were the factors responsible for failure. No significant complications were observed.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
Apical opacity associated with pulmonary tuberculosis: high-resolution CT findings.
To elucidate the nature of the apical opacity that is commonly seen in patients with tuberculosis--usually referred to as an "apical cap" or "apical pleural thickening"--18 patients with upper lobe tuberculosis were studied with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). All had a homogeneous apical opacity at least 1 cm thick on chest radiographs. Fifteen of the 18 had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis of more than 5 years duration, and nine showed evidence of ipsilateral pleurisy. HRCT scans at the apex of the thorax in all nine patients scanned at this level showed that extrapleural fat with interspersed vessels accounted for most of the plain radiographic opacity. Scans obtained at a level slightly above visible aerated lung showed extrapleural fat 3-25 mm thick peripherally and atelectatic lung centrally. At more caudal levels, at which both aerated lung and "thickened pleura" were visible on plain radiographs, HRCT showed extrapleural fat (3-20 mm thick), thickened pleura (1-3 mm thick), and atelectatic lung peripherally and areas of emphysematous bullae, bronchiectasis, and atelectatic lung centrally.
Diagnosis, Differential↗