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Biomedical subjects

M C Baker

Publications and source records attributed to M C Baker.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Chromosome study of five cancers of the prostate.

Nonrandom chromosome changes were sought in direct preparations of tumour material from the primary site of four carcinomas and one leiomyosarcoma of the prostate. Two of the carcinomas had previously received oestrogen therapy. A deleted chromosome 10, del(10)(q24), was found in all four carcinomas and may represent a specific marker in prostatic carcinoma. Three of the carcinomas also had a deleted chromosome 7, del(7)(q22), while the fourth had a 7p+. Deleted chromosomes 7 and 10 were not identified among the markers present in the leiomyosarcoma. All five tumours contained one or more abnormal chromosomes derived from chromosome 1. A Y chromosome was present in the leiomyosarcoma but in none of the carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Chromosome analysis of three seminomas.

Each of three seminomas revealed chromosome #1 and #12 structural changes in direct preparations and short-term cultures. The #1 changes involved duplication of 1q and loss of 1p; in two, the breakpoint was in the heterochromatic region. The anomaly in #12 was a short arm isochromosome, usually present in duplicate. In one tumor, these were the only structural changes; in the other two, there was also involvement of #7, with extra copies of 7p. In one of these two tumors, a heterochromatic minute was identified after C-banding, and in the other, aside from two different markers containing part of #7, there was a dicentric derived from two chromosomes #15; this tumor proved to be prognostically unfavorable. Three normal chromosomes #1 and XXY sex chromosomes were present in each tumor. Chromosomes #11 and #13 were generally underrepresented, and #12 and #19-22 were over-represented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sexual dimorphism and lack of seasonal changes in vocal control regions of the white-crowned sparrow brain.

The volumes of brain regions involved in vocal control were measured in adult male and female white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttali) captured in the summer, and in captive males held on long-day or short-day photoperiods. There is a large sex difference in the volume of two nuclei, the caudal nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale (HVc) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), which correlates with a large sex difference in singing behavior. There were no differences in the size of HVc and RA in adult males held on summer or winter photoperiods, even though the 'summer' males had high androgen levels and were singing, whereas the 'winter' males had regressed testes and were not singing. The data bear on hypotheses concerning the relationship between size of brain nuclei and song learning.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Nonrandom chromosome changes in carcinoma of the cervix uteri. II. Ten tumors in the triploid-tetraploid range.

Nonrandom chromosome changes in direct preparations of 10 cervical carcinomas with modal numbers in the range of 60-82 were similar to those found in a previous study on near-diploid tumors: Chromosomes 1 (seven tumors) and 11 (five tumors) were most often involved in structural rearrangements and a small metacentric, often present in duplicate, was seen in six tumors. The appearances of the small metacentric again suggested an origin from a chromosome #4 or #5: either a long arm deletion or a short arm isochromosome; in one tumor, Giemsa-11 banding was more compatible with a #4 than a #5. Chromosome #17 anomalies were probably present in four tumors, and two tumors had markers, probably derived from chromosome #2, containing homogeneously staining regions.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1984

Cytogenetic studies on recipients of allogeneic bone marrow using the sex chromosomes as markers of cellular origin.

In 45 patients whose donor was of unlike sex, the sex chromosomes were used as markers of the cellular origin of myeloid and lymphoid tissues after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Successful engraftment was characterized by the appearance of dividing donor cells in marrow within 2 weeks of grafting and in mitogen stimulated blood cultures by 3 weeks. Leukaemic relapse was identified in eight cases and was associated with different patterns of cellular origin of the myeloid and lymphoid tissues. At the time of relapse the marrow contained either a mixed population of normal donor and leukaemic recipient cells, or only recipient cells. Thus, in this series, leukaemic relapse was not found occurring in donor cells. The importance of defining the origin of cells in interphase as well as in metaphase was demonstrated. In all but one case, the dividing lymphoid population remained of donor origin during relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

i(12p): specific chromosomal marker in seminoma and malignant teratoma of the testis?

A similar small marker chromosome, frequently present in duplicate, was seen in direct preparations and short-term cultures of each of ten seminomas, one combined seminoma and teratoma, and one malignant teratoma of the testis. In the four most favorable tumors (seminomas) this chromosome was identified as an i(12p). The findings may point to a chromosomal change that is specific for malignant testicular tumors.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1982

Nonrandom chromosome changes in carcinoma of the cervix uteri. I. Nine near-diploid tumors.

Chromosome analysis of G- and C-banded preparations of tumor material, processed by a direct method, from nine primary carcinomas of the cervix with modal chromosome numbers in the range 41-49 showed the nonrandom involvement of certain chromosomes in structural and numerical changes. Besides chromosome No. 1 (six tumors), structural changes involved chromosomes No. 11 (five tumors with variable breakpoints and translocation partners), No. 3 (three tumors) No. 6 (three tumors), and No. 17 (17p+ in two tumors). A small metacentric (present in duplicate in most metaphases of one tumor), which may have been a 5q- (?) (with an interstitial long arm deletion), was seen in five tumors. Additional normal chromosomes included chromosomes No. 1 (one tumor without structural changes in this chromosome showing trisomy 1) and No. 3 (four tumors showing trisomy in the absence of structural changes involving this chromosome). Losses commonly affected the B, D, and G groups, particularly chromosomes No. 13 (three tumors) and No. 21 (six tumors), as well as chromosome No. 18 (four tumors). Two X chromosomes were present in all tumors except the two with the lowest modal numbers, both of which lacked an X chromosome.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1979

Chromosome 1 in 26 carcinomas of the cervix uteri: structural and numerical changes.

Cytogenetic studies on 26 carcinomas of the cervix showed that chromosome 1 was consistently involved in the changes: either one or more structurally abnormal chromosomes or a relative excess of normal chromosomes were present. Several types of structural change were repeatedly seen: short arm deletions (1p-, in seven tumors); long arm isochromosomes (i(1q), in six tumors); and translocations of unidentified chromosomal material onto one of the arms (possibly in eleven tumors; in four of these, there was an additional C-band on the long arm). In one tumor, there was a short arm isochromosome (i(1p)). The most consistent feature of the aneuploid complements of these tumors appeared to be the presence in excess of the centromeric region and at least part of the adjacent heterochromatin of chromosome 1.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Abnormal chromosomes and number 1 heterochromatin variants revealed in C-banded preparations from 13 bladder carcinomas.

The chromosomes of 13 carcinomas of the bladder were studied in C- and G-banded preparations. Heteromorphism for the amount of centromeric heteromorphism on the no. 1 chromosomes was apparent in eight tumours, and in three of these the heteromorphism was also found in the patient's normal cells. In four tumours, there were pericentric inversions of the heterochromatic regions of one or more no. 1 chromosomes. Major structural changes involving no. 1 chromosomes appeared to have occurred in at least seven of the tumours. In addition to the high incidence of heterochromatin variants (known or presumed to be constitutional phenomena), and major structural changes involving the no. 1 chromosomes, a further feature, common to four tumours, was the presence of a heterochromatic minute.

Chromosome Aberrations↗