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Biomedical subjects

M C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to M C Anderson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Percutaneous drainage of pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections.

Radiographically guided therapeutic percutaneous catheter drainage was used to manage 25 patients with 27 pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections. Nine of 11 (82%) noninfected and 11 of 16 (69%) infected collections were successfully managed with percutaneous drainage. Overall, eight complications and four deaths occurred in this group of patients. The morbidity and mortality in this series is somewhat higher than that previously reported in the radiologic literature. A discussion of the guidelines for percutaneous drainage is presented.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors presenting as pancreatitis: report of four cases.

The presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma as acute or chronic pancreatitis has been well documented; however, there has been only one previous report of either functioning or nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with pancreatitis. At the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, from March 1982 through September 1987, we have managed four patients with nonfunctioning pancreatic islet cell tumors or carcinoids, which presented with attacks of pancreatitis. Three of the patients had recurrent bouts of upper abdominal and lower dorsal back pain with elevation of the serum amylase. One patient presented initially with acute upper abdominal pain and elevation of the serum amylase. Each patient had an endoscopic retrograde cholangeography pancreatography (ERCP) pattern involving the pancreatic duct which was characterized by diffuse dilatation proximal to the site of obstruction. One of the four had a tumor blush on splanchnic angiography. Each patient had CT evidence of a mass in the head of the pancreas; however, one of the four was found to have diffuse involvement of the entire gland at operation. Surgical therapy varied: (a) local excision of the ampullary area with re-anastomosis of the pancreatic duct to the duodenum and choledochoduodenostomy; (b) bypass with cholecystoduodenostomy and caudal pancreaticojejunostomy; (e) total pancreatectomy; or (d) bypass with a Roux-en-Y cholecystojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy. The choice of the procedure was based on the patient's condition and operative findings.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

DNA hybridisation of cervical scrapes: comparison with cytological findings in Papanicolaou smears.

One hundred and sixty four cervical scrapes were taken over 26 months from 143 women aged 17 to 53 years, using an Ayre spatula. A smear was prepared from each sample for Papanicolaou staining and for cytological examination for evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The cells remaining on the spatula were harvested for DNA analysis. These samples were probed for HPV 6, 16, and 18 and the results of DNA hybridisation and cytology were compared. Cytological changes of HPV (anucleate keratinised and keratinised squamous cells, koilocytic change and dyskeratosis, or multinucleation, or both) were detected in 103 (72%) of the samples where HPV DNA was detected; koilocytic changes were present in only 67 (48%). It is concluded that screening for a range of viral changes is a more sensitive method of detecting HPV infection than screening for koilocytic change alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of inferior olive lesion on seizure threshold in the rat.

Cerebellar stimulation has been associated with anticonvulsant activity in several experimental seizure models. We examined the effect of destruction of cerebellar climbing fibers, by systemic administration of 3-acetylpyridine (3AP) or electrothermic lesion of the inferior olive, on seizures produced by various chemical convulsants in rats. We found that inferior olive lesioned rats had lower threshold to seizures induced by strychnine and brucine, both glycine antagonists. The dose response curve for strychnine seizure was shifted 2.5 times to the left in 3AP lesioned rats. No difference in seizure threshold was seen when picrotoxin, bicuculline or pentylenetetrazole PTZ) were used to produce seizures. Abnormal motor behavior (AMB) including myoclonus, backward movement and hyperextension, produced by all of the convulsants tested, was significantly aggravated in 3AP pretreated rats. The inferior olive-climbing fiber projection to the cerebellum appears to modulate seizures induced by inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of HPV DNA and viral copy numbers in cervical scrapes from women with normal and abnormal cervices.

Cervical scrapes were obtained from 215 women with cytologically normal cervices and 74 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and probed for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 by dot-blot hybridization. Viral copy numbers were determined by densitometric scanning of autoradiographs. The prevalence of HPV DNA in women with normal smears was as follows: 23 per cent of women attending a Family Planning Clinic (FPC), 16 per cent of women attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic, and 48 per cent of women attending a laser follow-up clinic after treatment of CIN. Ten per cent of women with normal cervices harboured HPV 16. Viral copy numbers ranged from 1300 to 52,800 genome equivalents per cell. Twenty-seven HPV-positive women with normal smears (including four patients infected with HPV 16) were followed for up to 3 years. None developed CIN irrespective of copy number. Our results show that HPV is present in normal cervices in the absence of CIN. Copy number has no relation to the development of CIN and factors other than the amount of HPV DNA may trigger the neoplastic process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The role of specific IgE and beta-propiolactone in reactions resulting from booster doses of human diploid cell rabies vaccine.

Reactions after booster injections of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) were investigated to determine the possibility of IgE-type antibody involvement. Although normal manufacture of HDCV involves the inactivation of the virus with beta-propiolactone (BPL), the effect of BPL on nonviral vaccine components, such as host cell components or stabilizing proteins, may be typical of the haptenic action of small molecular weight chemicals. Specific IgE to commercial HDCV preparations, BPL-treated preparations of noninfected host MRC5 cell sonicate (BPL-MRC5), and a human albumin (HA) (BPL-HA) used as a stabilizing agent were detected in sera from five individuals who reported reactions after booster doses of HDCV. However, these patients had no detectable IgE to normal HA. Sera from nonvaccinated individuals, vaccinated individuals who reported no reaction after HDCV booster, and pollen-allergic individuals had no detectable IgE to HDCV, BPL-MRC5, or BPL-HA. Changes in the ratios of pre- to postbooster serum levels of specific IgE to HDCV and BPL-HA were significantly different in a group of 19 individuals who reported reactions to HDCV boosters; these changes in pre- to postbooster IgE levels in nonreactive vaccinees were not significant. Prebooster serum IgE RAST ratios to HDCV or BPL-HA were not predictive of potential reactions to HDCV. A number of experimental BPL-HA reaction mixtures were assayed to examine the effect of variable concentrations of BPL to HA. Increasing relative molar concentrations of BPL to HA resulted in increased electrophoretic mobility, whereas the highest relative specific IgE binding was detected in BPL-HA molar reaction mixtures of approximately 12.5:1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1987

A nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid analysis of normal and abnormal vulvar epithelium.

Vulvar and groin skin from 21 women with clinical squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva was compared with that from nine patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Feulgen-stained nuclear densitometry showed a constancy of Feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) density in normal epithelium and all subepithelial connective tissue nuclei. At three sites--tumor edge, opposite labia, and perineum--there were significant differences in nuclear chromatin content between the two groups and also as compared with normal epithelium.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

Determination of monoamine oxidase concentrations in rat liver by inhibitor binding.

The concentrations of monoamine oxidase-A and -B have been determined in mitochondria, mitochondrial outer membranes and microsomes from Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats by determining the binding of tritium-labelled pargyline. Although the amounts of each form present depended on the source and the preparation method, this was paralleled by the specific activity such that the molecular turnover number was found to remain constant. The catalytic constants, kcat/Km, which represents the apparent second-order rate constant for the combination of enzyme and substrate, were about 0.13 and 2.1 sec-1 X microM-1 for 5-hydroxytryptamine and 2-phenethylamine, respectively, regardless of the source. Estimations of the amounts of the two forms by determining the concentrations of the inhibitors clorgyline, (-)-deprenyl, J-508 or pargyline necessary to give complete inhibition were shown to give overestimates of the true values because of the non-specific binding of these inhibitors to sites other than the monoamine oxidase active site.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The preparation and testing of the proposed International Reference (IRP) Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)-pollen extract.

A lyophilized candidate extract of Bermuda-grass (Cynodon dactylon) pollen, intended for use as an International Reference Standard, was prepared by pooling four individual candidate extracts. In preliminary investigations, the four candidate extracts encompassed a variety of extraction methods. The collaborative testing program simultaneously analyzed the proposed reference and the individual extracts and included 11 laboratories performing RAST inhibition, histamine release, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, and protein determinations with a variety of reagents and methods. The four candidate extracts and the pooled reference were found to be equivalent. The stability of this extract has also been studied. This International Reference Preparation of Bermuda grass-pollen extract should be useful for research and industry.

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between oestradiol metabolism and adrenal steroids in the endometrium of postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that adrenal androgens are contributory to the development of endometrial cancer either by the oestrogenic action of 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (androstenediol) or through the inhibition of oestradiol metabolism. Concentrations of androstenediol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA sulphate (DHAS), oestrone and oestradiol were measured in plasma and endometrium from postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. There was no difference between normal postmenopausal women and endometrial cancer patients with respect to either tissue or plasma adrenal androgens although there was a tendency for plasma DHAS levels to be increased in cancer patients (normal women: 640 +/- 156 ng/ml; cancer patients: 808 +/- 159 ng/ml). There was a positive correlation between endometrial tissue concentrations of androstenediol and DHA in both normal women (P less than 0.05) and cancer patients (P less than 0.01) but for DHAS the relationship was only significant for non-malignant tissue (androstenediol: DHAS, P less than 0.05; DHA: DHAS, P less than 0.02). A significant positive correlation was found between all three plasma adrenal androgens for both groups. In cancer patients there was a trend towards an inverse correlation between endometrial tissue concentrations of DHAS and the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17OHSD) although the relationship was not significant (r = 0.49). In endometrium, oestradiol was present in significantly higher concentrations than oestrone whereas in plasma the reverse was the case. There was also a tendency for plasma oestradiol levels to be elevated in the cancer subjects. These data do not support a substantial role for adrenal androgens in endometrial cancer but suggest that a relationship may exist between DHAS and 17OHSD and that an imbalance between sulphatase and sulphotransferase activities may be involved.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1986

Seasonal variation in antigens of the imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta.

Eight sequentially collected lots of aqueous extracts of imported fire ant (IFA) front end and abdominal end segments were assayed for phospholipase A (PLA), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), and hyaluronidase. Relative potency of each extract lot and pooled venom was measured by RAST inhibition against a venom standard. More than a hundredfold difference in PLA activity was observed. Early summer collections had the highest activity. The May to June collection had more than twice the PLA activity of the next most potent lot. Discordancy in enzyme patterns was noted only in AE extract. NAG levels peaked earlier in the spring and summer and fluctuated less widely. Front end extract had lower activity levels for both enzymes, with no seasonal fluctuation in NAG and a single elevation in PLA activity in the April to May collection. RAST inhibition varied directly with PLA activity (p less than .05) but not with NAG nor hyaluronidase activities. Fifty-one percent of systemic allergic reactions to IFA stings occurred in summer, and 19% occurred in spring. A reported demographic survey demonstrated a higher incidence of IFA stings in the spring (39.9%) with a lower attack rate in the summer (31.9%). These findings suggest that the rate of systemic reactions to stings of the IFA may be related to seasonal variations in allergenic potency, as measured by PLA and RAST inhibition, rather than the sting attack rate.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1986

Pancreatopleural fistula.

The clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of 27 patients with pancreatopleural fistula (PPF) reported in the literature, and two additional patients managed by the authors, form the basis of this report. The diagnosis of PPF is based on the triad of massive pleural effusions, elevated pleural fluid amylase, and protein levels. PPF is a complication of chronic fibrocalcific pancreatitis in most cases. It may develop as a consequence of disruption of a dilated obstructed pancreatic duct. Pseudocysts are involved in the process in at least half of reported cases. A substantial number of PPF will close spontaneously utilizing conservative measures including pancreatic rest, total parenteral nutrition, and repeated thoracentesis. Surgical correction of the underlying pancreatic disease, including ductal decompression and drainage or resection of associated pseudocysts, is indicated to prevent recurrence of the fistula and to avoid other complications of advanced chronic pancreatitis. Associated terminal biliary obstruction should be identified and managed with biliary-enteric bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effect of interferon on human papillomaviruses associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial of leucocyte interferon showed that, contrary to previous reports, interferon had no significant effect on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) when applied topically in a gel. DNA hybridization of cervical scrapes was used to monitor the effect of interferon on the human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with CIN. There was, however, no significant difference in the expression of HPV 6 or 16 in the cervical epithelium of patients treated with interferon compared with those given a placebo. By using superficial cells scraped from the surface of the cervical epithelium as a source of DNA for viral studies, we were able to investigate the relation between HPV and CIN without interfering with the natural history of the disease. HPV 16 was detected in lesions which persisted while HPV 6 only was detected in one lesion that regressed. Regression was clearly associated with reduction in the number of copies of viral DNA per cell in this case. Dual infection with HPV types 6 and 16 were recorded in two patients with persistent lesions. In one patient, hybridization studies indicated that infection with HPV 16 could have occurred after infection with type 6 was established, and it is postulated that this may have changed the nature of the cervical lesion.

Adolescent↗