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Biomedical subjects

M Bygdeman

Publications and source records attributed to M Bygdeman.

264 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
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Dynamic laser light scattering compared with video micrography for analysis of sperm velocity and sperm head rotation.

A new method which allows separation of the rotational and translational components of human sperm motility, based on the angular dependence of the dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) has been developed. The technique was used in a clinical study and was compared with an independent evaluation by video micrography. A good correlation was found between the two techniques when applied on different semen samples (r = 0.90; P less than 0.01 and r = 0.96; P less than 0.01 for rotation and translation, respectively) and when applied on the same semen sample at different temperatures. The rapid evaluation of these parameters using DLS technique opens the possibility to study large number of semen samples under physiological and pathological conditions at a lower cost.

Hot Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human spermatozoa.

The seminal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was determined by bioluminescence after treatment with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in 81 semen samples 1.5 h after ejaculation obtained from men attending our fertility clinic, and selected to contain either 20% or less spermatozoa with good progressive motility (n = 22), or 60% or more spermatozoa with good progressive motility (n = 59) (Study I), and in 18 semen samples from fertile men 30 min and 3.5 h after ejaculation (Study II). The latter samples were divided into 2 equally large groups according to sperm motility. In Study I the mean sperm ATP concentration was significantly higher in the semen samples with bad motility (0.63 nmol per living spermatozoa x 10(-6)) than in semen samples with good motility (0.39 nmol per living spermatozoa x 10(-6); P less than 0.01). In Study II the ATP concentration per living spermatozoa was also lower in the group with the best motility in comparison with the spermatozoa with lower motility (P less than 0.01), both 30 min and 3.5 h after ejaculation. During the 3-5 h incubation the sperm ATP concentration decreased by 21% (P less than 0.01) in the former group of samples but remained unchanged in the latter group. The results indicate that, in semen samples with highly motile spermatozoa, the consumption of ATP is higher than in semen samples with impaired sperm motility. It is therefore essential that the time between ejaculation and ATP measurement is as short as possible to obtain comparable results. Repeated ATP measurements in combination with an analysis of the number of living spermatozoa, may provide further information on the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human fetal cortical tissue fragments survive grafting following one week storage at +4 degrees C.

Grafting of human fetal tissue fragments has been used successfully in experimental and clinical trials. The development of techniques to store human fetal tissue fragments for longer time periods would allow to establish temporary tissue banks. We dissected several human cortical tissue fragments from one fetus and tested different storage conditions (cooling, freezing, culturing). After storage, the tissue fragments were transplanted into cavities in the cortex of host rats and the volume of the surviving grafts calculated. We report that human cortical tissue fragments grafted immediately after dissection (control group) or grafted after storage for 3 h in cryopreservation medium at room temperature survived grafting and resulted in graft sizes of 102 +/- 26 mm3 and 242 +/- 210 mm3, respectively, however, statistically not different. When the human cortical tissue fragments were slowly frozen and stored for 1 wk and/or when the fragments were cultured for 1 week in culture medium using a roller tube technique, grafts did not survive under our conditions. However, when the human cortical tissue fragments were stored for 1 week at +4 degrees C in cryopreservation medium, the graft size (48 +/- 24 mm3) was reduced but statistically not different from the control group. We conclude that human cortical tissue fragments can be stored at +4 degrees C for at least 1 wk without major loss of ability to survive grafting.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depressed semen quality in Swedish men from barren couples: a study over three decades.

The semen quality of men who participated in an infertility investigation in 1956 was compared with that from men from similar populations in the years 1966, 1976, and 1986. The sperm parameters studied included total sperm count and sperm morphology. A significant reduction over this 30-year period was observed for both parameters. The total sperm count decreased from 467 million in 1956 to 305 million in 1986 (mean, p less than 0.0001) and the percentage of sperm with normal morphology diminished from 53% to 37% (mean, p less than 0.0001) during the same period. This Swedish study, like studies in other industrialized countries, indicates a decline in semen quality over the past few decades.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolism of 16, 16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-prostaglandin E1 methyl ester (ONO-802) following intravenous and vaginal administration to pregnant women.

Following iv and vaginal administration of (5,6-3H2)-ONO-802 (5,6-3H2-16, 16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-prostaglandin E1 methyl ester) the appearance of radiolabeled compounds in plasma and urine were studied in early pregnant patients. Following iv administration, ONO-802 was rapidly hydrolyzed to the free acid which disappeared from plasma with an approximate half-life of 10-15 min. About 50% of the injected amount of compound was excreted in urine during the first 24 hr after injection. The structures of 16 urinary metabolites were determined. These data demonstrated that, following hydrolysis of ONO-802 to the free acid, the latter can undergo beta- and omega-oxidation like other prostaglandin analogs where enzymatic attack of the 15-hydroxyl group has been blocked. Some of the metabolites were excreted as conjugates (sulfates, glucuronides?) and, in two, the oxo group at C-9 had been reduced to a hydroxyl. Following vaginal administration of ONO-802 (1 mg, 60 microCi) in suppository form, radioactivity corresponding to 100-200 pg/ml of ONO-802 equivalents was found in plasma. The profile of metabolites in urine was qualitatively very similar to that after iv injection of (5,6-3H2)-ONO-802. Based on the data on excretion of metabolites in urine it was calculated that 12-28% of the dose administered vaginally was resorbed into the circulation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the constancy of transudated and locally produced proteins in human seminal plasma.

An overall constancy in the total protein profile of human seminal plasma (HSP) as determined by gel filtration chromatography and high-resolution electrophoresis was found in six healthy volunteers. Thirteen different proteins were identified by double immunodiffusion in five individual HSP samples each previously subjected to gel filtration. It was also found that comparatively large amounts of yet unidentified low-molecular-weight (less than 12,000) compounds occurred in all HSP samples. Of eight specific proteins in consecutive samples collected from one individual, large intra-individual variations were found in some of the proteins. The largest variations (about 100%), for both concentration and total amount, were noted for alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, IgA, and secretory IgA. Albumin and lactoferrin were rather stable and varied less than 20% between samples. It is suggested that HSP-albumin may be used as a reliable marker of transudation of serum proteins to the genital tract. Likewise, lactoferrin could be used as a marker for the secretion of seminal vesicle proteins, since it reflects the functional status of these glands.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Menstrual regulation with prostaglandin analogues.

The development of generally applicable, simple non-surgical methods for menstrual regulation has been desired for a long time. Such an approach to fertility control depends on the availability of a suitable therapeutic agent that should be effective, reliable, simple to administer and free from disturbing side effects. The classical prostaglandins have shown the capability but are unsuitable mainly due to high incidence of side effects. Most of these drawbacks seem to be overcome when prostaglandin analogues are used; however, vaginal administration caused appreciable pain in 10-30% of women, and so severely limits self-administration of these analogues.

Abortifacient Agents↗