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Biomedical subjects

M Buyse

Publications and source records attributed to M Buyse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Preoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment in rectal cancer. Final results of a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).

A randomized clinical trial was conducted by the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC) Gastrointestinal Cancer Cooperative Group to study the effectiveness of irradiation therapy administered in a dosage of 34.5 Gy, divided into 15 daily doses of 2.3 Gy each before radical surgery for rectal cancer (T2, T3, T4, NX, MO). Four hundred sixty-six patients were entered in the clinical trial between June 1976 and September 1981. Tolerance and side effects of preoperative irradiation were acceptable. The overall 5-year survival rates were similar in both groups. When considering only the 341 patients treated by surgery with a curative aim, the 5-year survival rates were 59.1% and 69.1% in the control group and in the combined modality group, respectively (p = 0.08). The local recurrence rates at 5 years were 30% and 15% in the control group and the adjuvant radiotherapy group, respectively (p = 0.003). Although this study did not show preoperative radiotherapy to have a statistically significant benefit on overall survival, it does have a clear effect on local control of rectal cancer. Therefore, before performing radical surgery, this adjuvant therapy should be administered to patients who have locally extended rectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. The EORTC experience and a review of the literature.

In spite of the improvements in surgical techniques and intensive care therapy, no appreciable improvement in the prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer has been made in recent years. Several types of adjuvant treatment, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, have therefore been proposed and used in clinical trials, mainly in the United States and western Europe. The results obtained by the Gastrointestinal Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), using preoperative radiation therapy with 3450 rads, are reported here; this therapy results in a reduction in the number of local recurrences and also appears to prolong the five-year survival period, although a longer follow-up is required to confirm this. According to the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG), postoperative radiation therapy with chemotherapy seems to prolong the tumor-free interval in stages B2 and C when compared to surgery alone. Nonspecific immunotherapy does not appear to improve surgical results either in terms of local recurrences or survival. Some clinical trials suggest that systemic polychemotherapy benefit subgroups of patients with colorectal cancer. Toxicity is still very high, however; 5-FU is the more active and safe single agent but, due to the low response rate, it appears essential to identify new, more active drugs. Particular attention has been focused recently on prophylactic infusion chemotherapy of the liver, and clinical trials are now being made by several groups, including the EORTC. Preliminary results seem to show a reduced incidence of liver metastases in patients infused with 5-FU after radical surgery. Adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical surgery has so far given encouraging results. Future results are awaited with optimism, but they must be achieved through prospective clinical trials conducted by well-organized cooperative groups.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Cell kinetic indicators of premalignant stages of colorectal cancer.

Using an in vitro double labeling technique with two different levels of 3H-thymidine, the duration of the phase of DNA synthesis (S) and the labeling index (LI) were measured in the colorectal mucosa of three groups of patients: patients with colorectal neoplasms (adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas), patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and a control group of patients without gastrointestinal pathology. In those patients with colorectal neoplasms, samples were obtained from both the neoplastic mucosa and from the normal appearing mucosa at various distances from the lesions. One-way analyses of variance were used to test the equality of mean S-phase duration and LI in the various types of tissues. S-phase duration was significantly longer in the tumor than in the unaffected mucosa of patients with adenocarcinoma (18.65 hours +/- 2.3 versus 10.13 hours +/- 1.26 P less than 0.0001). However, S-phase duration was significantly longer in the unaffected mucosa of cancer patients than in the mucosa of patients without gastrointestinal pathology (10.58 hours +/- 1.84 versus 7.91 hours +/- 0.46, P = 0.013). Similarly, LI was significantly higher in the unaffected mucosa of patients with adenoma and adenocarcinoma than in the mucosa of patients without gastrointestinal pathology (19.1% +/- 3.0 versus 9.5% +/- 2.2, P less than 0.0001). There was a highly significant trend to a progressive increase of LI from flat histologically normal appearing mucosas to inflammatory mucosas, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas (P less than 0.0001). These results suggest that increased S-phase duration is specifically related to cancer. In mucosa without histologic sign of malignancy, an increased S-phase duration would indicate that the malignant process has started. An increased LI would appear to relate to the selective advantage that rapidly proliferating cells hold over less proliferating ones.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Interim analysis of a phase III study on preoperative radiation therapy in resectable rectal carcinoma. Trial of the Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).

To improve surgical results of potentially operable rectal cancer (T2, T3, T4, Mo), the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) conducted a two-arm randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of administering radiotherapy before radical surgery. Four hundred ten patients were allocated to be treated either by surgery alone or by 34.5 Gy of radiotherapy (in 19 days overall) followed by surgery. The tolerance of the adjuvant radiation therapy was fairly good. The 5-year survival rate was 65% overall and showed no difference between both therapeutic regimens. Similarly, the metastases-free rate was the same in both groups. In contrast, the preoperative radiation therapy showed a marked effect on local control of the disease, the comparison of the time to local recurrence being highly significant between the two treatment groups (P = 0.001). The proportion of patients free of local recurrence at 5 years was 85% in the combined treatment versus 65% in the group of patients treated by surgery alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Final results of a randomized trial on the treatment of rectal cancer with preoperative radiotherapy alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil, followed by radical surgery. Trial of the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group.

To improve surgical results of potentially operable rectal cancer, the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer conducted a two-arm randomized clinical trial to compare the efficiency of preoperative administration of radiotherapy, with or without 5-fluorouracil before radical surgery. Two hundred forty-seven eligible patients were admitted from November 1972 through April 1976. The overall survival observed in the group treated with preoperative radiotherapy appears to be better than in the group of patients where preoperative combined modality was administered. Five-year survival is 59% versus 46% with a marginal statistical significance of P = 0.06. Although the combined modality arm had a higher incidence of side effects and postoperative deaths, it had a greater effect than the radiotherapy-alone arm in controlling the disease process, mainly distant metastases to the liver with a result bordering on statistical significance (P = 0.07). The incidence of nonmalignant and intercurrent deaths were higher in the combined modality group, whereas deaths due to malignancy were higher in the radiotherapy-alone group. Observing more stringent selection in disease and patients' criteria, side effects and intercurrent deaths can be effectively reduced with further improvement in adjuvant therapy results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Cell cycle parameters and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

In vitro determination of S phase duration and labeling index were performed, in tumor and normal tissues, in 15 patients with rectal and colon cancer to determine if these cell cycle parameters can predict the clinical course of the disease. Microscopic analyses of the tumor and adequate follow-up were obtained for all patients. S phase duration and labeling index did not exhibit any obvious correlations with age, sex, tumor localization, Duke's classification or other microscopic prognostic features; neither did they show any difference between patients alive without cancer 5 yr after initial treatment and those dead from cancer or other causes.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Consequences of auditory deprivation in animals and humans.

An electron microscopic study of the cerebral cortex of mutant deaf mice (Deol's dn gene) has shown differences in synaptic organisation between these mice and normally hearing ones. In the auditory cortex of the deaf mice, there are fewer synapses and these are larger than in the normally hearing, whereas there is no difference between these two categories in the visual cortex. These results are the reverse of those observed by other authors in the occipital cortex of rats raised in an enriched or impoverished environment. In humans, the functional consequences of early hearing loss have been investigated on moderately to severely deaf (60-80 db mean loss) youngsters, who have been tested for their capacity of categorical perception, auditory discrimination, and production of significant contrasts between stop consonants. Categorical perception was absent in all but one subject. Auditory discrimination was poor for both the voiced-voiceless contrast and the place of articulation contrast. In the production experiments, the subjects had greater difficulty in producing the voiced-voiceless than the place of articulation contrasts. The possible relevance of these animal and human studies to cochlear implantation is discussed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Variable phenotype associated with duplication of different regions of 2p.

Previous reports suggest that duplication of the distal part of 2p causes a distinct syndrome. Of the 20 published cases, all resulted from a parental translocation. We report here clinical and cytogenetic data on three patients with dup(2p) and few, if any, of the physical findings of the syndrome. Our data suggest that dup(2p) is associated with an extremely variable phenotype which may be quite mild in some cases. It is also possible that many of the nonspecific developmental anomalies thought to be part of the syndrome may be caused by the accompanying deletion.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1980

Center for Birth Defects Information Services.

The Center for Birth Defects Information Services currently provides information in birth defects to medical centers. The D/A facility is designed to facilitate differential diagnosis and is being tested in preparation for general use sometime in 1981. A third facility is planned to classify and assist in identification of now unnamed and undiagnosed birth defects. This project when fully operative will assist clinicians in all phases of birth defects diagnosis so that they provide more quickly needed information to patients and their families.

Congenital Abnormalities↗