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Biomedical subjects

M Bush

Publications and source records attributed to M Bush.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pterygodermatites nycticebi (Nematoda: spirurida) in golden lion tamarins.

Pterygodermatites nycticebi (syn Rictularia nycticebi), a spirurid nematode first described in the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), recently has been associated with morbidity and mortality in the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) collection at the National Zoological Park. Adult worms were found in the lumen of the small intestine with their anterior ends embedded in the mucosa. Larvae, when present, were deeper in the submucosa. A few heavily infected animals developed profound weakness, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. Infective larvae of Pterygodermatites nycticebi developed in laboratory-reared German cockroaches (Blatella germanica) that were fed tamarin feces containing eggs of Pterygodermatites nycticebi. Wild-caught German cockroaches also were found to harbor these infective larvae which implicates this ubiquitous pest as an intermediate host. Effective control of Pterygodermatites nycticebi has been achieved by regular fecal screening of all callitrichids for spirurid eggs and biannual prophylaxis with mebendazole at 40 mg/kg, as well as a rigorous cockroach extermination program.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Neuropathological findings in thanatophoric dysplasia.

Central nervous system abnormalities were found in seven infants with thanatophoric dysplasia, including two with cloverleaf skull deformity. These abnormalities were megalencephaly, dysplastic temporal cortex, lateral displacement of basal ganglia, dysplasia of several nuclei, and fiber tract deformities. They are characteristic and distinct components of thanatophoric dysplasia.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Gonadotropin regimen for inducing ovarian activity in captive wild felids.

Five species of felids (cheetah, North Chinese leopard, tiger, lion, and puma) were serially injected with a source of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to evaluate its effect on ovarian activity. Animals were subjected to laparoscopy before and after gonadotropin treatment, and the number and appearance of mature ovarian follicles (MF), corpora hemorrhagica (CH), and corpora lutea (CL) were recorded and photographed. Ovarian morphologic features, including MF, CH, and CL anatomy, were similar among various species. A dosage of 10 mg of FSH given IM daily for 3 to 5 days was effective in stimulating ovulation in 8 of 8 cheetahs. The same dosage for 5 days stimulated ovulation in 6 of 7 North Chinese leopards, 4 of 7 tigers, 2 lions, and 1 puma. An injection of a luteinizing hormone source was not required to induce follicular rupture. The number of ovulations eventually obtained appeared related to the activity prior to FSH treatment. Females with evidence of follicular development prior to treatment eventually produced a combined average (+/- SEM) of 5.2 +/- 1.3 CH and CL, in comparison with 2.3 +/- 0.8 CH and CL observed in cats with no identifiable follicles before FSH injection. The species varied in the number of ovulation sites (combined number of CH and CL) after treatment, with the cheetahs, leopards, tigers, lions, and puma producing a mean of 5.5 +/- 0.9, 1.5 +/- 0.2, 4.7 +/- 3.1, 1.5 +/- 0.5, and 3.0 +/- 0.0, respectively. The cheetahs, North Chinese leopards, and tigers failed to develop a refractory response to the gonadotropin, as certain females receiving FSH twice at a 1-year interval produced a similar ovulatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Parvovirus enteritis in vaccinated juvenile bush dogs.

Parvovirus enteritis developed in 10 of 17 vaccinated juvenile bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) from 4 litters in a 5-month period. Nine dogs died. The first outbreak involved 6 of 9 bush dogs from 2 litters. Each had been vaccinated with a killed feline-origin parvovirus vaccine at 11 and 14 weeks of age. The 6 affected dogs became ill at 29 weeks of age and died. The second outbreak involved a litter of 6 bush dogs. Each had been vaccinated every 2 weeks starting at 5 weeks of age. Two were isolated from the colony at 16 weeks of age for treatment of foot sores. Three of the 4 nonisolated dogs developed parvovirus enteritis at 20 weeks of age; 2 died at 6 and 8 days, respectively, after onset of signs. The 3rd outbreak involved a litter of 2 bush dogs. Both had been vaccinated every 2 to 3 weeks, starting at 6 weeks of age. One of these dogs became ill at 17 weeks and died 13 days later. A litter of 6 maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and a litter of 3 bush dogs were isolated from their parent colonies at 13 and 15 weeks of age, respectively. Each animal had been vaccinated weekly, beginning at 8 weeks of age, using an inactivated canine-origin parvovirus vaccine. None of the isolated animals developed the disease. Serologic testing during isolation did not reveal protective titers (greater than or equal to 1:80) against canine parvovirus in the bush dogs until they were 23 weeks old, whereas protective titers developed in the maned wolves when they were 14 to 18 weeks old. One hand-raised bush dog was vaccinated weekly, beginning at 8 weeks of age, and a protective titer developed by 21 weeks of age. It was concluded that the juvenile bush dogs went through a period during which maternal antibodies interfered with immunization, yet did not protect against the disease. When the pups were isolated from the colony during this period, then vaccinated repeatedly until protective titers developed, the disease was prevented.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mycobacterial osteomyelitis in captive marsupials.

Mycobacterial osteomyelitis was detected in 3 marsupials exhibited at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC. One Matschiei's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei), 1 Parma wallaby (Macropus parma), and 1 long-nosed rat kangaroo (Potorous tridactylus) were affected. The Parma wallaby had disseminated granulomatosis. Acid-fast organisms were observed in the bone marrow of the wallaby, using the auramine-O-rhodamine fluorescent technique; however, cultures were negative. The tibiotarsal joint of the rat kangaroo contained exudate, with fistulous tracts and necrosis of the articular surface. Granulomas with necrotic centers from this area were positive by auramine-O-rhodamine but were negative on culture. The tree kangaroo had thickening of the right ischium, with a pocket of exudate caudal to the acetabulum. The musculature in the acetabular area was thickened and fibrotic. Mycobacterium avium serotype 15 was isolated from the ischium and liver of this animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The microcomputer as an aid to medical records management in a zoological park.

A system for computerizing clinical medical records at a zoological park was designed, using microcomputer system components. Records were entered and retrieved in natural language, with minimal coding of information. Commercially available computer programs were used to manage data from anesthesia, radiography, clinical pathology, vaccination records, and tuberculin testing records. Programs written in BASIC language were used for storing and retrieving animal inventory data, daily medical and surgical records, results of fecal examinations, and anthelmintic treatment records.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of triprolidine and cyclizine on histamine (H1) antagonism, subjective effects and performance tests in man.

1 The effects of triprolidine and cyclizine on the histamine skin response, performance tests and subjective effects were examined in a controlled, double-blind study in eight healthy volunteers. 2 Triprolidine was considerably more potent that cyclizine in inhibiting the skin response to histamine. Significant inhibition of flare size occurred at 1, 2 an 4 h after triprolidine 2.5 mg. A smaller but significant reduction occurred at 2 and 4 h after cyclizine 100 mg but not after the 50 mg dose. 3 Cyclizine 100 mg produced a significant increase in reaction time at 4.5 h compared with lactose. Smaller though non significant increases followed triprolidine and cyclizine 50 mg. 4 Subjective effects were seen only after cyclizine 100 mg when subjects were significantly more drowsy, feeble, muzzy, lethargic and dreamy than after lactose dummy. No significant changes followed triprolidine 2.5 mg or cyclizine 50 mg. 5 It was concluded that while cyclizine has antihistamine properties, these are weak compared with triprolidine, and are not seen with doses sufficiently low to avoid central nervous system impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The psychological parenting and permanency principles in child welfare: a reappraisal and critique.

The psychological parenting and permanency of care principles address important problems in child welfare. The focus of the theories, however, draws attention away from the underlying cause of family stress, and may serve to validate child welfare departments' failures to respond to that stress in the context of the family. It is suggested that aspects of the theories are overly mechanistic, and that there exists a substantial subset of child welfare clients for whom they are not relevant.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Hematologic values of captive golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia): variations with sex, age, and health status.

Blood samples obtained from 104 captive golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), collected over a 7-year period, were analyzed for hematologic values. Variations associated with sex, age, and health status were identified. Females had higher total plasma protein values, while males had higher numbers of basophils, hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations. Adult tamarins had higher erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, more neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, and higher hematocrits and hematocrits, hemoglobin concentrations, erythrocyte indices, and total plasma protein. Decreased numbers of monocytes and eosinophils and increased numbers of leukocytes, neutrophils, bands, and basophils also were observed with abnormal status.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species.

Tissue and plasma concentrations and the biological half-life of tylosin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. The species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus), pigeons (Columba livia), greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida), and emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). In the 1st phase of this study, tylosin was administered IM to quail, pigeons, and emus at a dosage rate of 25 mg/kg of body weight and to cranes at a dosage rate of 15 mg/kg. The average peak plasma concentrations of tylosin in quail, pigeons, cranes, and emus were 4.31, 5.63, 3.62, and 3.26 microgram/ml, respectively. These peak concentrations occurred at 0.5 to 1.5 hours after administration. The biological half-life of tylosin averaged 1.2 hours in quail, pigeons, and cranes, and was 4.7 hours in emus. In the 2nd phase of this study, tylosin concentrations in the tissues of quail, pigeons, and cranes were markedly higher than were plasma concentrations at corresponding sampling times. Six hours after antibiotic administration, tissue concentrations of tylosin in all species remained within the minimum inhibitory concentration for most pathogenic organisms. Dosage regimens of 25 mg of tylosin/kg 4 times daily for quail and pigeons, 15 mg/kg 3 times daily for cranes, and 25 mg/kg 3 times daily for emus would be needed to establish and maintain therapeutic tissue concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antibody response to an inactivated vaccine for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, and panleukopenia in nondomestic felids.

The efficacy of an inactivated vaccine for the prevention of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), feline caliciviral disease (FCVD), and feline panleukopenia (FPL) was tested in 27 nondomestic adult felids from 7 species. The vaccine was given IM at the standard domestic cat dose in 19 animals and double this dose in 8 others. The animals were vaccinated either 1, 2, or 3 times. Serum-neutralization (SN) antibodies to FVR (mean SN titer, 23) developed in all 15 animals that were previously seronegative, and SN antibodies to FCVD (mean SN titer, 11) developed in 19 of 21 animals that were previously seronegative. There was no significant increase of SN antibody titers by doubling the vaccine dose or by administering a 3rd vaccination. The optimal response could be obtained by using the domestic cat vaccination protocol of a single dose given twice, 4 weeks apart. The critical evaluation of the SN antibody titer for FPL was complicated by preexisting titers to FPL from previous vaccinations, but in 23 animals the titers became higher, whereas they remained unchanged in only 4 animals. The persistence of the SN titers was evaluated 7 to 9 months later and found to be satisfactory for FVR (mean SN titer, 18) FCVD (mean SN titers, 43) and FPL (mean SN titer, 517). Enhanced persistence of titer could not be demonstrated by doubling the dose or administering a 3rd vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fatal herpesvirus infection in patas monkeys and a black and white colobus monkey.

Fatal herpesvirus infections were diagnosed in 3 patas monkeys and 1 black and white colobus monkey over a 4-week period. Herpesvirus was isolated from 1 patas monkey and from the black and white colobus monkey. Both isolates had growth characteristics similar to Herpesvirus hominis and Herpesvirus simiae. The isolate from the colobus monkey antigenically appeared to be H simiae or H simiae-like, whereas the isolate from the patas monkey could not be conclusively identified with the antisera used. All affected animals were housed in close proximity to rhesus monkeys, the carrier host of H simiae.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1981

Clinicopathologic correlations of tuberculosis in large zoo mammals.

In August 1978, a black rhinoceros at the National Zoological Park died with generalized tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. A 2nd black rhinoceros was euthanatized 9 months after M bovis was cultured from its lungs. After these 2 deaths, numerous large zoo mammals that had been potentially exposed were subjected to various procedures to ascertain their status regarding tuberculosis. The procedures were: intradermal tuberculin testing, evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction on biopsy specimens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and culture of various secretions and organs. Several of the animals in this series died during the study. These were necropsied and examined for evidence of mycobacterial infection. The results of tuberculin testing varied from species to species and from site to site within a species. Delayed hypersensitivity responses generally correlated well with the amount of swelling at the tuberculin site. In some cases, however, positive reactions were found without any delayed hypersensitivity response. Results of ELISA testing were confirmatory in tuberculous animals. Several species were judged to be nonspecific reactors, based on positive or suspect tuberculin test results, with negative ELISA results and necropsy findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of various extenders for freeze-preservation of semen from selective captive wild ungulates.

Semen collected by electroejaculation from selected captive wild ungulates was used to evaluate the cryoprotective ability of 4 semen diluents. Three species of ungulates were used: blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi), dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas), and onager (Equus hemionus onager). Fresh semen was immediately evaluated for the percentage of motility and the progressive motility, and an aliquot was fixed for evaluation of the acrosomal integrity of spermatozoa. The remaining volume of ejaculate was divided into equal aliquots and either frozen raw on dry ice or extended with each of the 4 diluents. Samples were concurrently equilibrated at 5 C, frozen on dry ice, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Aliquots were thawed for evaluation of motility traits and spermatozoal acrosomes. Each diluent provided cryoprotection in each species. However, spermatozoa varied in ability to survive cryopreservation, and postthaw viability was influenced by the semen diluent used. Although ineffective in the onager, the study of morphologic forms of spermatozoal acrosomes proved useful for assessing the cryoprotective property of semen diluents in the blesbok and dorcas gazelle.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1981

Cyclic dermatitis associated with Fusarium sp infection in pinnipeds.

Dermatitis associated with Fusarium sp infection developed in 3 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and 3 gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) at the National Zoological Park in Washington DC. The lesions were papular or nodular and were distributed mainly on the face, trunk, and flippers. One sea lion died 6 weeks after extensive cutaneous involvement. The lesions regressed after 1 mild exacerabtion in the other 2 sea lions. In the gray seals, the skin condition appeared to worsen during the summer and to regress during the winter, despite oral and topical treatment with miconazole and thiabendazole. Fusarium sp was repeatedly isolated from biopsy specimens of lesions. Hyperplasia of epidermal and follicular epithelium was associated with acute and chronic inflammation and fungal hyphae. The species of the fungus in 1 of the gray seals was determined to be F solani, a type occasionally associated with keratitis and opportunistic infections in human beings. Initial excessive chlorination and high fluctuating pool temperatures attributed to a faulty water treatment system were considered as factors in promoting fungal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cranial computed tomography in the evaluation of neurologic disorders in two nonhuman primates.

Cranial computed tomography (CCT) was used to evaluate neurologic disorders in 2 primates. In the 1st case, acute left hemiparesis developed in an adult female proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). A CCT scan revealed a right frontal lobe abscess that was subsequently surgically drained. In the 2nd case, a juvenile black spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) experienced recurrent seizures following an episode of trauma and anoxia. A CCT scan demonstrated enlarged lateral ventricles and cerebral atrophy. Computed tomography proved to be a valuable technique for localizing and characterizing brain lesions in these 2 primates, after more conventional methods of investigation had failed to establish diagnoses.

Animals↗