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Biomedical subjects

M Buckley

Publications and source records attributed to M Buckley.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. A discriminant analysis, using 'lifetime' psychopathology ratings.

Discriminant and canonical variate analyses were performed using 302 patients, on whom ratings of lifetime psychopathology and course of illness has been made. DSM-III diagnoses were used to form the criterion groups. Bipolar disorder emerged as a distinct grouping, but there are reasons for dissatisfaction with its definition. The remaining patients formed a 'schizodepressive continuum', but this also had a tendency to bimodality. It is possible that the distinction between schizophrenia and depression was obscured by inadequacies in the data and the inclusion of excessive numbers of patients with schizoaffective depression in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Alterations in aortic endothelial cell morphology and cytoskeletal protein synthesis during cyclic tensional deformation.

Previous studies have shown that bovine aortic endothelial cells (ECs) in culture respond to repetitive tensional deformation with an increase in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation. This study was designed to determine whether cyclic tensional deformation of ECs in vitro induces different morphologic or protein synthetic responses. ECs from passages 6 through 9 were seeded in 35 mm2 well silicone rubber plates at 2 x 10(5) cells/well and allowed to attach for 24 hours. The experimental group was placed in a vacuum-operated stress-providing device that exerted an elongation of 24% at maximum downward deflection of the culture plate bottom and was subjected to repetitive cycles of 10 seconds of 24% maximum elongation and 10 seconds of relaxation for 5 days. The control group was subjected to similar incubation conditions but without stretch. 35S-methionine (500 muCi/well) was added to the plates 24 hours before harvesting, and two-dimensional gels of the harvested lysates (isoelectric focusing with pH 3 to 10 ampholytes followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on 12.5% gels) were performed and the labeled proteins visualized by autoradiography. The data indicate that there is a differential synthesis of proteins, with synthesis of some proteins decreased or ablated whereas other proteins were increased in response to cyclic mechanical tension. The actin filament organization was evaluated after staining with rhodamine phalloidin, a fluorescent F-actin probe. The ECs subjected to tension had a more polygonal shape and demonstrated pseudopods and actin stress fibers, whereas ECs cultured under static conditions were more rounded and did not express actin stress cables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actins↗
PubMed1986

Perioperative and long-term results after electrophysiologically directed ventricular surgery for recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

Thirty-six patients underwent ventricular aneurysmectomy and electrophysiologically directed endocardial resection for treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The surgical mortality rate was 17% and all 30 patients discharged from the hospital were alive at the end of the follow-up period (range 6 to 54 months), yielding a cumulative projected survival rate of 83% by actuarial analysis. Poor systolic function of the nonaneurysmal ventricular segments was the strongest and the only independent predictor of operative mortality among the clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and electrophysiologic variables analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. Ventricular tachycardia recurred early in four of the six patients in whom the endocardial resection was limited to a small area for technical reasons. Twelve patients, including 10 with sustained ventricular tachycardia still inducible by postsurgical programmed electrical stimulation, were discharged receiving antiarrhythmic drugs that had been tried unsuccessfully before surgery. During a mean follow-up period of 25 +/- 15 months, nonfatal sustained ventricular tachycardia recurred in two patients after discharge. Inadequate endocardial resection was a significant predictor of arrhythmia recurrence.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Development of a method for rating cognitive responses to a diagnosis of cancer.

The development of a method for rating cognitive responses to the diagnosis of early breast cancer, lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease is described in the context both of recent coping theory and a previous study by this Unit relating outcome to response to diagnosis. The ratings are defined in a manual using simple language and avoiding assumptions about the functions of responses; examples are given.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

The molecular nature of 1,25-(OH)2-D3-induced calcium-binding protein biosynthesis in the rat.

Exogenous 1,25-(OH)2-D3, administered to vitamin D-replete animals on a high calcium diet, induces biosynthesis of the duodenal, cytosolic calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in less than 2 h. This process can be blocked by simultaneously administered cycloheximide, but not by actinomycin D. In vitamin D-replete animals on a low Ca diet, on the other hand, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 administration leads to new CaBP synthesis only after about 7 h; this process can be blocked by actinomycin D. In vitamin D-deficient animals on a high calcium diet who have no CaBP, treatment with 1,25-(OH)2-D3 induces CaBP formation in congruent to 8 h; this process is known to be blocked by actinomycin D. Thus in D-replete animals on a low calcium diet and in D-deficient animals, CaBP biosynthesis proceeds by a transcriptional route, whereas in D-replete animals on a high calcium diet the rapid response appears to be posttranscriptional. This finding points to the possibility of a more rapid regulatory action of vitamin D than previously reported and how vitamin D might function in the D-replete state.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Molecular and transport effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat duodenum.

The saturable component of transmural calcium transport in rat duodenum is transcellular, dependent on vitamin D, and can be evaluated by in situ gut loops or everted sacs. Vitamin D action at the molecular level can be studied by analyzing the response in terms of calcium-binding protein (CaBP; Mr congruent to 9000) biosynthesis to exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3). In vitamin D-replete animals, the CaBP response occurs within 1 h of intraperitoneal injection when the animals have been fed a high-calcium diet (III), but in 7 h if the animals have been fed a low-calcium diet(I). The latter response appears to be transcriptional, whereas the former seems posttranscriptional. In vitamin D-deficient animals, exogenous 1,25-(OH)2-D3 evokes a CaBP response that occurs 7-8 h after treatment and is transcriptional in nature. Calcium uptake by isolated duodenal cells can be stimulated by prior in vivo treatment with 1,25-(OH)2-D3. Peak response times parallel those found with CaBP biosynthesis, i.e., 3 h in cells from vitamin D-replete animals fed diet III, 7 h in cells from vitamin D-replete animals fed diet I, and 12 h in cells from vitamin D-deficient animal. Cycloheximide treatment appears to inhibit these responses. Moreover, everted sacs from vitamin D-replete animals fed diets III and I show an early and a delayed transport response, respectively. Studies with brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rat duodenum have shown calcium uptake to be vitamin D-dependent. Part of this uptake involves binding to the inner aspect of the membrane and may involve a high-affinity CaBP. Thus a major component of the action of vitamin D in stimulating calcium transport appears to involve protein synthesis. The time and molecular nature of these responses depend on the calcium intake and vitamin D status of the animals. A model of calcium movement through the intestinal cell is included.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of beta-blockers on exercise double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate).

1 The effect of single oral doses of six beta-receptor antagonists on exercise-induced changes in double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) were studied in 25 human volunteers. 2 Three doses of propranolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, timolol and atenolol were selected for study on the basis of in vivo beta-blocking potency. 3 Although all beta-blockers studied reduced the double product response to exercise, the pharmacodynamics of this effect differed markedly. 4 Pharmacodynamic half-lives, estimated for the drug tested, were 39 h for nadolol, atenolol 21 h, timolol 15 h, oxprenolol 13 h, propranolol 11 and pindolol 8 h. 5 These results suggest that the clinical choice of a beta-blocker with the least problems of compliance can be made on the basis of pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacological profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A search for faecal viruses in new-born and other infants.

Faecal specimens were collected at weekly intervals over the winter months from 141 new-born infants without diarrhoea. Contrary to the findings in other studies, no viruses were detected by electron micriscopy or culture in any of these specimens. Over the same period faecal specimens were collected from 84 infants up to four years of age admitted to hospital. Rotaviruses or adenoviruses were found in 48% of infants with gastroenteritis. Enteroviruses and other small round virus-like particles were found in infants both with and without gastroenteritis. No viruses or pathogenic bacteria could be found in 34% of specimens from infants with gastroenteritis.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Virus-like particles in winter vomiting disease.

In an outbreak of winter vomiting disease affecting both pupils and staff in a primary school, virus-like particles were found in 7 out of 8 faecal specimens examined by electron microscopy. The particles measured 26 nm in diameter and had a buoyant density of 1-38--1-40 g/cm3 in caesium chloride. They could not be cultured in tissue-culture or organ-culture. In immune electron microscopy tests the particles appeared to differ antigenically from the Norwalk and Hawaii agents. Two out of three patients examined more than one month after their illness were still excreting the particles.

Adult↗