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Biomedical subjects

M Broyer

Publications and source records attributed to M Broyer.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Nutritional and metabolic studies in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

A study was done of 15 children and adolescents, aged 2.5 to 17.5 years, who were treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 6 to 24 months. Plasma albumin concentration decreased from 34.4 +/- 4.8 g/liter at the onset of therapy to 31.3 +/- 5.3 g/liter after 19 to 24 months. Children less than 6 years old had lower albumin levels (29.4 +/- 1.7 g/liter) than did the older group (36.3 +/- 4.2 g/liter). The lower plasma albumin was related to peritoneal protein loss but not to protein intake. Plasma free amino acid concentrations were not significantly modified. No changes occurred in the oral glucose tolerance test during the course of CAPD. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were abnormally high for age, with a correlation seen between cholesterolemia and peritoneal protein loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Growth and development of nondialyzed children with chronic renal failure.

Thirty-four children with severe kidney disease, either congenital (32 cases) or developing at birth, were followed until age 5 to 19 years. Overall growth retardation corresponded to -2.5 SD below the mean normal values. The retardation occurred almost exclusively before therapy for it was started. Fifteen children were first treated during infancy. In all of them except one, growth was dramatically improved following the first visit to our center, growth changing from slowed to normal rate, although catch-up growth was rare: the average change from normal mean height was -1.68 SD (or -5 SD per year) calculated for the infantile period up to the first visit to our clinic, followed by a change of +0.18 SD per year between first presentation and age 12 months, and +0.01 SD per year between first presentation and last observation at a mean age of 8.3 years. In the 19 patients who were treated after the first year of life, the mean change of height from birth to first presentation was -0.33 SD per year followed by a mean change of -0.04 SD per year up to the last observation (mean period, 7.3 years). Catch-up growth was exceptional. Five children entered puberty with a normal growth spurt. When GFR deteriorated, growth velocity was unchanged. Height calculated for corresponding bone maturity was reduced in half of the patients when first seen, but progressed to the same degree as height during follow-up, except in one patient. Mental development was normal in 31 of 34 patients. Conclusion. Normal growth rate and normal development is possible in children and even in infants with CRF chronic renal failure. The importance of instituting early conservative treatment to prevent height loss must be emphasized.

Body Height↗
PubMed1983

Adverse effect of proteins on remnant kidney: dissociation from that of other nutrients.

Several experiments have shown that deterioration of renal parenchyma after reduction of functional mass is affected by the protein content of the diet. The respective role of proteins and that of other nutrients that vary with proteins were never clearly separated. Three groups of 9 uremic rats received diets differing exclusively in protein (casein) content, which was 8% (group 1), 16% (group 2), and 32% (group 3). Energy and minerals were maintained identical. Food intake was similar in groups 1 and 2 and was lower in group 3. Mortality rate remained closely related to protein intake. Of group 3 rats, 78% died within 10 weeks and 100% within 15 weeks. Of group 2 rats, 56% were dead at week 15, and 100% at week 30. Mortality occurred significantly later in group-1 rats fed the lowest protein diet. Histology of remnant kidneys showed severe glomerular and tubular damage, with no or little calcium deposits despite normal phosphorus diet and frequent hyperphosphatemia. These data suggest that protein intake, independent of any other nutrient, influences survival by accelerating the renal damage in rats with reduced kidney mass.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of three low-nitrogen diets containing essential amino acids and their alpha analogues for severely uremic children.

Six infants, 4.5 to 19 months old, whose creatinine clearance was less than 6 ml/min/1.73 m2 received, successively, three low-nitrogen diets. Diet A contained 9.3 g of human milk protein; and diet B, 4.2 g of human milk protein plus synthetic essential amino acids. Diet C was the same as B except that five essential amino acids were replaced by alpha-keto and hydroxy analogs. Serum urea decreased as the infants were transferred from diet A to diets B and C, and the serum urea/creatinine ratio decreased from diet A to diet B and from diet B to diet C. Urea appearance was 14.8 +/- 4.5, 9.1 +/- 4.3, and 6.9 +/- 1.7 mmoles/day, with diets A, B, and C, respectively. Weight gain was also lowest with diet C, as was the difference between nitrogen intake and urea nitrogen appearance, an indicator of nitrogen balance. Plasma free amino acids were not modified by diets A and B, but valine, leucine, and the plasma free essential amino acid pool decreased significantly with diet C.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein losses in thirteen children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Thirteen children, 6 females, 7 males, aged 2 to 13 years were studied. At the time of study they were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 1 to 22 months. 25-(OH)D loss in daily dialysate fluids represented 2 to 22 micrograms/day. A significant correlation was found between 25-(OH)D plasma concentration and 25-(OH)D dialysate concentration. 25-(OH)D clearance was correlated to 25-(OH)D binding protein clearance (p less than 0.001). These findings of important 25-(OH)D losses in the dialysate fluid of children on CAPD demonstrate the necessity of carefully adapted vitamin D intakes with such a treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Survival time in cystinosis. A collaborative study.

In a retrospective study the overall survival time of 205 cystinotic patients of six countries was determined. The median survival time was 8.5 years. The median time for 'renal death' (age at death due to uraemia or age at starting renal replacement therapy) was 9.2 years. The youngest patient dying of renal death was 5.2 years. No sex difference in survival time was noticed. Furthermore no difference in survival time was noted between the different countries. The analysis of the overall survival curve indicates no clear differences between the infantile and adolescent types of cystinosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in children.

Circadian rhythms of plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were studied in eight healthy children, 7 to 15 years old. Blood samples were obtained at 7:00 AM, 10:00 AM, 1:00 PM, 4:00 PM, 5:00 PM, 8.00 PM, and midnight on day 1 and 4:00 AM and 7:00 AM on day 2. Children had normal activity during this test. Intra- and interindividual changes were noted in PRA in plasma taken in the upright position. Mean PRA values for samples taken in the upright position were maximal at 1:00 PM (7 ng/ml/hr) and minimal at 5:00 PM (4.1 ng/ml/hr). Mean PRA in the supine position was maximal at 4:00 AM on day 2 (5.6 ng/ml/hr), and its rise was statistically significant compared with the mean PRA at 7:00 AM on the same day (3.9 ng/ml/hr). Plasma aldosterone varied without any definite pattern. No correlation was found between PRA and PA and 24-hr urinary sodium excretion.

Adolescent↗